Risk factors for postoperative bleeding after adult cardiac surgery (original) (raw)
Meta-analysis of the Sources of Bleeding after Adult Cardiac Surgery
Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, 2018
The aim of this study was to pool data on the proportion and prognostic impact of sources of bleeding in patients requiring re-exploration after adult cardiac surgery. Systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Multistitutional study. A literature review was performed to identify studies published since 1990 evaluating the outcome after reoperation for bleeding or tamponade after adult cardiac surgery. Eighteen studies including 5,1497 patients fulfilled the selection criteria. Reoperation for bleeding/tamponade was performed in 2,455 patients (4.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.9%-5.2%, I 92%). These had a significantly higher risk of in-hospital/30-day mortality compared with patients not reoperated for bleeding (pooled rates: 9.3% v 2.3%; risk ratio 3.30; 95% CI 2.52-4.32; I 47%; 8 studies; 25,463 patients). Surgical sites of bleeding were identified in 65.7% of cases (95% CI 58.3%-73.2%; I 94%), cardiac site bleeding in 40.9% of cases (95% CI 29.7%-52.0%; I 94%), a...
Reoperation for bleeding in cardiac surgery
Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery, 2012
At Odense University Hospital (OUH), 5-9% of all unselected cardiac surgical patients undergo reoperation due to excessive bleeding. The reoperated patients have an approximately three times greater mortality than non-reoperated. To reduce the rate of reoperations and mortality due to postoperative bleeding, we aim to identify risk factors that predict reoperation. A total of 1452 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery using extracorporeal circulation (ECC) between November 2005 and December 2008 at OUH were analysed. Statistical tests were used to identify risk factors for reoperation. We performed a case-note review on propensity-matched patients to assess the outcome of reoperation for bleeding regarding morbidity and mortality. In total, 101 patients (7.0%) underwent surgical re-exploration due to excessive postoperative bleeding. Significant risk factors for reoperation for bleeding after cardiac surgery was low ejection fraction, high EuroSCORE, procedures other than ...
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Background Re-exploration of bleeding after cardiac surgery is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Perioperative blood loss and rate of re-exploration are variable among centers and surgeons. Objective To present our experience of low rate of re-exploration based on adopting checklist for hemostasis and algorithm for management. Methods Retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted for 565 adult patients who underwent surgical treatment of congenital and acquired heart disease and were complicated by postoperative bleeding from Feb 2006 to May 2019. Demographics of patients, operative characteristics, perioperative risk factors, blood loss, requirements of blood transfusion, morbidity and mortality were recorded. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of re-exploration and determinants of adverse outcome. Results Thirteen patients (1.14%) were reexplored for bleeding. An identifiable source of bleeding was found in 11 (84.6%) patients. Risk fa...
Active Bleeding after Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Observational Multicenter Study
PloS one, 2016
To estimate the incidence of active bleeding after cardiac surgery (AB) based on a definition directly related on blood flow from chest drainage; to describe the AB characteristics and its management; to identify factors of postoperative complications. AB was defined as a blood loss > 1.5 ml/kg/h for 6 consecutive hours within the first 24 hours or in case of reoperation for hemostasis during the first 12 postoperative hours. The definition was applied in a prospective longitudinal observational study involving 29 French centers; all adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were included over a 3-month period. Perioperative data (including blood product administration) were collected. To study possible variation in clinical practice among centers, patients were classified into two groups according to the AB incidence of the center compared to the overall incidence: "Low incidence" if incidence is lower and "High incidence" if incid...
Postoperative Bleeding in Cardiac Surgery
Anesthesiology, 2008
Background Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) attenuates the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Polymorphisms of the PAI-1 gene are associated with varying PAI-1 levels and risk of prothrombotic events in nonsurgical patients. The purpose of this study, a secondary analysis of a clinical trial, was to investigate whether PAI-1 genotype affects the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TA) in reducing postoperative chest tube blood loss of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods Fifty patients were classified according to PAI-1 genotype (4G/4G, 4G/5G, or 5G/5G). Twenty-four received 2 g TA before and after cardiopulmonary bypass, whereas 26 received placebo. The authors recorded data related to coagulation, fibrinolysis, and bleeding before surgery, at admission to the intensive care unit (0 h), and 4 and 24 h later. Results In patients not receiving TA, those with the 5G/5G genotype had significantly higher chest tube blood loss and transfusion requirements compared wit...
Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery, 2016
OBJECTIVES: Postoperative bleeding in cardiac surgery remains an important complication, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Different interventions are possible to prevent/treat postoperative bleeding. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of these interventions in a real-world scenario. METHODS: This is a retrospective study based on 19 670 consecutive adult cardiac surgery patients operated from 2000 to 2015. During the study period, the following interventions have been applied and tested for effectiveness with a before versus after analysis: thromboelastography (TEG)-based diagnosis and treatment in actively bleeding patients; platelet function tests (PFTs); timing of surgery based on PFTs; fresh frozen plasma (FFP)-free strategy using prothrombin complex concentrate and fibrinogen concentrate. RESULTS: TEG-based diagnostic and therapeutic approach resulted in a significant (P = 0.006) reduction of postoperative bleeding and significant (P = 0.001) increase in platelet concentrate transfusion rate. Timing of surgery based on PFTs resulted in a significant reduction of postoperative bleeding (P = 0.001), surgical re-exploration rate (P = 0.002), FFP (P = 0.001) and platelet concentrate (P = 0.016) transfusion rate. FFP-free strategy was associated with a significant decrease in postoperative bleeding (P = 0.005) and FFP transfusions (P = 0.001). The combination of all the interventions was associated with a significant (P = 0.001) reduction in postoperative bleeding, surgical re-exploration rate and FFP transfusions, whereas platelet concentrate transfusion rate was significantly (P = 0.001) higher. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a continuous increase in the bleeding risk profile, the application of a bundle of interventions is effective in controlling postoperative bleeding and related complications. Platelet transfusions remain unreplaceable in the present scenario.
Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia, 2001
To differentiate surgical bleeding requiring re-exploration from postoperative coagulopathy and determine the differences in patient outcomes. This was a retrospective chart review of 2,263 adult patients undergoing elective and emergency open heart procedures encompassing coronary artery bypass, valvular, and a combined procedure to determine the impact of source of bleeding leading to re-exploration. Eighty-two patients (3.6%) required re-exploration. Sixty-six percent had surgical bleeding; the remaining 34% were coagulopathic. Postoperative coagulopathy was associated with preoperative heparin use (37% vs. 19.9% for controls p<0.05). Re-operative procedures combined bypass/ valve (p<0.001) and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times (p<0.05) were more prevalent in the coagulopathy group. Postoperative inotrope use was increased in patients who were re-explored (p<0.001), as were cardiac, pulmonary, renal and abdominal complications (p<0.001),...
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 2011
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery CME Program is located online at http://cme.ctsnetjournals.org. To take the CME activity related to this article, you must have either an STS member or an individual non-member subscription to the journal. R eoperation for bleeding, estimated to occur in 2% to 8% of cardiac surgical patients, is an undesirable event associated with increased patient morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization [1-6]. A recent investigation in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) revealed a 2.4% prevalence of reoperation for bleeding with an associated risk-adjusted mortality of 5.9%, compared with 2.0% for patients not returning to the operating room. Not surprisingly, those requiring reoperation received substantially more red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and component therapy [1]. Because of this linkage between reoperation and transfusion requirements, quantifying separate effects on outcomes is challenging. Therefore, primary objectives of this investigation were to determine time-related prevalence of reoperation for bleeding after cardiac surgery, to identify its risk factors, and to assess its association with postoperative morbidity while considering the concomitant risks of transfusion. Our secondary objective was to review source of postoperative bleeding found at reoperation.
European journal of cardiovascular nursing : journal of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing of the European Society of Cardiology, 2015
Bleeding-related re-exploration is a life-threatening complication after cardiac surgery. Nurses must be aware of important risk factors for this complication so that their assessment, monitoring and evaluation activities can be prioritized, focused and anticipated. To identify the predictive factors for bleeding-related re-exploration after cardiac surgery and to describe the sources of postoperative bleeding. This is a prospective cohort study at a tertiary cardiac school-hospital in São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Adult patients (n=323) submitted to surgical correction of acquired cardiac diseases were included. Potential risk factors for bleeding-related re-exploration within the 24 hours following admission to the intensive care unit were investigated in the patients' charts. A univariate analysis and a multiple analysis through logistic regression were conducted to identify the outcome predictors. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was calculated as a measure...