The Influence of UV-Accelerated Aging Process on Industrial Waste Containing EPDM (original) (raw)
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The production of consumption goods made of elastomer generates large amounts of vulcanized residues. The final proper environmental disposal of this material is a serious problem, which involves high costs and a possible waste of a material with high added value. The recycling of elastomers is a very important alternative since it is related directly to the protection of the environment, energy conservation, and sustainability. An option for companies that produce elastomeric residues is their incorporation in the formulations by producing polymeric blends. Thus, this work aims to prepare polymeric blends composed of ethylene-propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) and raw EPDM/EPDM residue (EPDM-r) in different concentrations, when the residue is ground at room temperature. The morphology of the residue, vulcanization characteristics, mechanical properties, and morphology of the blends were analyzed, showing promising results that point to the feasibility of using EPDM-r in the production of polymeric blends and as a possible solution to the problem of the final disposal of solid residues.
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The rheological behavior of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) compounds containing ground EPDM waste (W-EPDM) of known composition was studied by using a Monsanto processability tester in a temperature range of 90-110°C and a shear rate range of 306.7-1533.24 s Ϫ1. It is found that the shear viscosity decreases slightly with increasing W-EPDM loading because of wall slip that results from the migration of lubricants from the W-EPDM. The addition of W-EPDM to raw EPDM results in a decreased die swell at all temperatures and shear rates. SEM photomicrographs of the EPDM extrudate surface show improved surface smoothness and reduced extrudate distortion when EPDM is blended with W-EPDM.
Rubber Chemistry and Technology
The disposal of polymeric and hazardous materials is an important global issue. Thus, the mechanochemical reclaiming of waste EPDM rubber was carried out using disulfide oil (DSO), oily waste produced in gas refineries, as a reclaiming agent at a specific operation condition. Reclaimed rubber was characterized by crosslink density, sol-gel, and Mooney viscosity measurements. Following the study, blending of different portions of reclaimed rubber (20, 40, 60, and 80 wt%) with virgin EPDM rubber was carried out. Results showed that the addition of 60 wt% of reclaimed rubber to the virgin EPDM rubber had no adverse effect on the scorch and optimum curing time. Also, mechanical properties of revulcanized rubber improved when 40 wt% of virgin EPDM rubber was replaced with the reclaimed rubber. Scanning electron microscope and thermal gravimetric analyses of the samples revealed the effect of addition of reclaimed rubber on the rubber matrix and thermal stability of revulcanized samples, ...
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2019
Vulcanized residues of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM) from expanded profiles trims, called EPDMr, were treated to remove the paraffinic oil and then devulcanized by microwaves at different exposure times (0, 2, 3 and 4 min). Elastomeric formulations of EPDM-r compound/raw EPDM compound containing 67 wt% of recycled phase were produced, and the characteristics of the vulcanization process, mechanical and dynamic-mechanical properties, morphology and accelerated aging of the blends were analyzed. The promising results showed that it is possible to obtain new rubber compositions containing 67 wt% of EPDM-r with similar-or even higher-mechanical properties than the Reference sample (without EPDM-r), pointing out to the potential use of devulcanized EPDM-r in several applications, as a possible solution to the destination of these materials, aiming at the sustainable development. Highlights • Production of elastomeric blends containing a high concentration of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM), i.e. 67 wt%. • Devulcanization of the EPDM residue by microwaves irradiation. • Increasing the microwave exposure time improved the efficiency of the devulcanization process. • Extraction of the paraffinic oil from the EPDM residue (before devulcanization) improved the efficiency of the devulcanization process. • The final material has a potential application of the residues from the automobile industry itself, such as in the manufacture of new products.
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Rubber solid waste amount increased continuosly and caused environmental problem since it is very difficult to be naturally degraded. Therefore, the interest of using rubber waste as raw material for new rubber product is increased. Reclaimed rubber can be used as filler aditif for rubber processing. The aim of this research was to study the effect of UV aging on the rubber product as the reclaimed filler added. The mixing of the rubber and the additives used the kneader and open mill. The vulcanization process was done by hydraulic press. In this research, the reclaimed rubber addition was varied as follows: 12,5; 37,5 and 62,5 phr. The products quality differences before and after the UV aging evaluated using physical tests. The result of FTIR showed that the polymer chain were broken by ultraviolet radiation. The physical test gives result that the hardness and tensile strength decreased, but the elongation is increased after UV aging.
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The effects of ageing by ultraviolet degradation of recycled polyolefin blends
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Products manufactured from recycled polyolefin blends were subjected to accelerate weathering conditions and subsequent tests. Field-aged products were also tested. Samples were analysed for changes in mechanical, rheological and chemical properties. Data obtained in this study, by means of tensile, impact, and melt flow tests, GPC, gloss and colour analyses showed that the effect of UV exposure, whether in the field or artificial environments, was not significant as far as the mechanical properties of the materials were concerned. There was some change in the surface characteristics but such surface effects would not compromise the mechanical integrity of the product when recycled. During reprocessing of the materials, it is likely that stabilizer is redistributed at the surface of any new moulding, thus renewing the surface characteristics. Hence damaged or end-of-life products need not be discounted from recycling.
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Scrap rubber reclamation is one of the most desirable approaches to solve the disposal problem of used tires. However, reclaimed tire rubber (RTR) has not gained enough attention due to its poor properties. In this work, the effects of poly(ethylene-covinyl acetate) (EVA) addition and electron beam (EB) irradiation on the properties of RTR were studied. The RTR/EVA blends containing 100-0 wt % of RTR were prepared in the internal mixer followed by EB irradiation with doses ranging from 50 to 200 kGy. The RTR/EVA blends were subjected to mechanical, gel content, thermal, and morphological analysis. It was found that the addition of EVA to RTR improved the mechanical properties of RTR. However, results revealed that RTR undergoes irradiation-induced crosslinking in a relatively lesser extent as compared to EVA. This observation is associated with the stabilization and radical scavenging effects of additives, which are present in the RTR matrix.
Aging of ethylene-propylene diene rubber (EPDM) vulcanized by γ-radiation
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The influence of different polyfunctional compounds on the radiation vulcanization of ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber was investigated. The effect of different antioxidants and their mixtures on the thermal aging and accelerated weathering of γ-radiation vulcanized EPDM rubber was also investigated. The compounds used were synergistic blends of phenolic and phosphite antioxidants, i.e. 1:4 Irganox 1076:Irgafos 168, and a blend of arylamine and quinoline type antioxidants, i.e. 1:1 IPPD:TMQ, at different concentrations. The Tinuvin 622 LD hindered amine light stabilizer was also used. The response was evaluated by the tensile strength and elongation at break of irradiated samples after thermal aging at 100°C for 28 days and accelerated weathering (Xenon test) up to 200 h. The correlations between the type of antioxidant, concentration and efficiency were also investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).