Moreno: "THE CULTURAL APPROACH SELLS" 1 "The Cultural Approach Sells": Negotiating Development Agendas Through Identity Politics In Otavalo Valley, Ecuador (original) (raw)
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Latin American research review, 2006
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The Intersecting Identity-Politics of the Ecuadorian Evangelical Indians
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108th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Philadelphia, United States., 2009
In the 1990’s, after years of military dictatorship, most Latin American countries initiated processes of democratization. Along with the passing of new constitutions, countries acknowledged indigenous peoples and recognized their right to property of communal lands. These transformations occurred in a context of neoliberal reforms, which provoked political and economical adjustment. Interesting, the new constitutions promoted the inclusion of traditionally excluded groups as the nation state was experiencing radical transformations that diminished some of its powers. This paper will examine how the Argentine constitutional amendment of 1994 transformed the way indigenous populations relate to the state and to larger supranational bodies such as the World Bank. It focuses on the Kolla Community of Finca Santiago, the first indigenous community in the country to receive the legal titles to communal lands along with the recognition of their ethnic and cultural existence prior to the creation of the nation state. While historically the state had denied ethnic particularities imposing homogenizing policies throughout the territory, after these constitutional revisions a new legal status of citizenship and also the configuration of new subjectivities took place. The paper will explore how the Argentine state has been constructing citizenship and ethnic identities, concentrating not only on the official rule but also on how these practices have been shaped by indigenous peoples. It also examines how a World Bank development project carried out in Finca Santiago has shaped these processes at the local and national levels, producing new environmental subjects.
Following a successful campaign to end the unlawful practices of trafficking that brought them to Manaus, indigenous Tukanoan women from the Upper Rio Negro established a local indigenous organization with which to plan and manage their own ethno-development, including cultural heritage activities, institution building, revenue development, health and legal services, community, and other initiatives. The case provides an opportunity to explore indigenous ethno-development, a concept at the heart of the theory and practice of Shelton (Sandy) Davis. No seguimento de uma campanha bem sucessida em Manaus para terminar com praticas de trafego ilegais, mulheres ind ´ ´ıgenas da tribo Tukano do Alto Rio Negro fundaram uma organizac¸ao ind´ıgena local com o fim de planejar e gerir o seu proprio desenvolvimento etnogr ´ afico, incluindo atividades culturais e patrimoniais, reforc¸o institucional, desenvolvimento de rendimentos, servicos de saude e legais, iniciativas comunit ´ arias e outras. Este caso oferece uma oportunidade ´para estudar o desenvolvimento etnografico, um conceito central na teoria e practica de Shelton (Sandy) Davis.