Genetic Divergence in Landraces of Bangladesh Rice (Oryza sativa L.) (original) (raw)
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Genetic divergence in landraces of rice (O. sativa L.) of West Bengal, India
Journal of Crop and Weed, 2012
The assessment of genetic divergence was done for 51 landraces of rice based on 18 agromorphological traits following Mahalanobis's D 2 analysis with the grouping of 51 rice genotypes into 11 clusters. The grouping showed 6 multigenotypic, 3 digenotypic and two monogenotypic clusters. With 16 genotypes, cluster II came to be the largest cluster. The maximum intra cluster D 2 value (D 2 =76.867) was shown by cluster X followed by cluster IX, III and I, while the inter-cluster value was maximum between cluster IX and X (D 2 =316.296). The pattern of distribution of genotypes from different ecogeographical regions into various clusters was at random indicating that geographical diversity and genetic diversity were not related. Among the genotypes, maximum contribution towards genetic divergence came from the characters viz., culm lenth, culm diameter and grain length. Cluster VII recorded highest mean value for plant height, ligule length, culm length, culm diameter, culm number, panicle length and maturity. Hybridization among the genotypes from the cluster I, III, IX and X which had maximum inter-cluster distances and desirable values for flag leaf angle, grain breadth, grain weight, kernel weight, number of primary branches panicle-1 and number of grains panicle-1 is likely to produce heterotic combinations and wide variability in segregating generations.
Genetic divergence in lowland rice of north eastern region of India
2006
Genetic divergence of 52 traditional lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes from five states of North Eastern Region of India was investigated using Mahalanobis D 2 statistic. Based on 15 agro-morphological characters, these genotypes were grouped into six clusters. Out of 52 genotypes, 26 genotypes were grouped in cluster I; cluster VI comprised only one genotype. Genotypes from more than one state were grouped in one cluster, and genotypes from one state were grouped in more than one cluster. Geographical origin was not found to be a good parameter of genetic divergence. Clusters II, III, and IV exhibited high values for most of the characters. Plant height, followed by leaf angle and leaf area, highly contributed (32.43%) to the formation of clusters. Clusters II, IV, and V, which had maximum inter-cluster distances and high values of plant height, days to 50% flowering, panicle length, grain yield/plant, and milling percent, may be used for initiating a hybridization programme.
GENETIC DIVERGENCE ANALYSIS IN HRDC RICE (Oryza sativa L.) HYBRIDS IN BANGLADESH
Genetic divergence of 48 IRRI developed F 1 rice hybrids were studied through Mahalanobis D 2 and principal component analysis for ten characters in Gazipur and Pabna district during dry season 2012-13. Among 48 genotypes, cluster analysis resulted in five clusters following Ward's method. During dry season for both regions, cluster I incorporated the highest number of genotypes. Significant differences among the genotypes but non-significant differences among replications were noticed for most of the parameters under study. The inter-cluster distance was larger than intra-cluster distance suggesting wider diversity among the genotypes. In Gazipur, the maximum inter-cluster D 2 value was recorded between cluster III and V (6.69) and the minimum between cluster II and IV (0.69). The intra-cluster distance was maximum in cluster IV (3.60) and minimum in cluster I (0.33). In Pabna, maximum inter-cluster distance was exhibited between cluster IV and II (16.43) but minimum between cluster II and III (3.98). Maximum intra-cluster distance (4.40) was recorded in cluster IV whereas minimum in cluster I (0.83). Based on positive value of vector 1 and vector 2, panicle number m-2 , spikelet fertility (%) and 1000-grain wt. (g) had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence among the characters studied. Cluster means indicated considerable differences in the mean values of different parameters. The highest cluster means for panicle weight (g), spikelet fertility (%), 1000 grain wt. (g) and grain yield (kg ha-1) were derived from cluster IV. Therefore, more prominence should be given to the lines under cluster IV that having genetic potentiality to contribute better for yield maximization of hybrid rice.
Genetic divergence analysis in indigenous rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm of bastar
AkiNik Publications, 2020
The way of life in Bastar continues to be dictated by ritual. Even today, agricultural practices are traditional. Use of wooden ploughs is massive while the number of iron ploughs is stumpy. The same is true of improved rice cultivation. The number of rice varieties and hybrids are truncated while the local landraces and germplasm are privileges. The usage of traditional agricultural implements has lowered the production of agriculture but the sustainability is maintained and crop biodiversity protected. The kharif crops grown here are paddy, millets, urad, arhar, jowar and maize. Sustainable agriculture, in terms of food security, rural occupation, and environmentally sustainable technologies such as soil conservation, sustainable natural resource management and biodiversity protection, are essential for holistic rural development. The research was carried out S.G. College of Agriculture and Research Station, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh. The materials was used ninety four local landraces of rice and three standard checks during Kharif 2016 in RBD Design, 16 qualitative and 20 quantitative characters observations was recorded. Analysis of variance showed significantly differences for all characters; out of 20, only seven principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 1.00 eigen value, and showed 77.42% variability among the traits studied. The PC1 was related to quality characters while PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5, PC6 and PC7 associated with quantitative traits. Introduction Rice (Oryza sativa L.) (2n =24) is the most significant food crops in the world and feeds over half of the overall population. Rice has played a central role in human nutrition and culture for the past 10,000 years. However, increase in global population, projected to be 9.2 billion by 2030, predicted increase in water scarcity and decrease in arable land, the constant battle against new emerging pathogens and pests and reduced quality due to possible adverse effects from climate change will pose greater challenges for rice breeders and agricultural Scientists (Khush, 2005) [5]. The total area under rice cultivation is globally estimated to be 162 million hectares with annual global production for 2016 at 745.5 million tonnes (495.2 million tonnes, milled basis) (Anonymous, 2016). Rice is life, for most people living in Asia Rice is one of the most important staple foods for more than half of the world's population and influences the livelihoods and economies of several billion people. (Pandey and Kar, 2017) [8] Being staple food, improving productivity and quality traits of rice always remains crucial. The quality of rice is a complex trait involving many physicochemical properties, and thus it has been a challenge to accurately evaluate quality for selection in rice breeding programs. To accomplish this, crop improvement programmes should necessarily aim at broadening the genetic base of the breeding stock (Vanaja and Babu, 2004) [12]. India has tremendous biodiversity for the landraces of rice. The number of landraces cultivated locally is rapidly replaced by improved varieties, which is causing narrowing of genetic base (Guei, 2000) [4]. Thus, reduced genetic variability underscores the need to collect landraces for ex-situ conservation and to characterize them for future rice breeding programmes based on agro-morphological traits because the evaluation of phenotypic diversity usually reveals important traits of interest to plant breeders. India is a primary centre of origin of rice and has many local landraces available in the remote tribal areas. Most of the land races are not in cultivation while many are lost and few are still cultivated by resource-poor traditional farmers in areas practising subsistence farming. They constitute an excellent reservoir of variability for several traits, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, quality and yield traits (Tanksley and Mc-couch, 1997) [11]. Keeping in view the above facts, the present investigation was undertaken to study the nature and degree of genetic divergence among the rice land races grown in Bastar plateau zone of
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN LOCAL RAINFED LOWLAND RICE (Oryza sativa L.) IN BANGLADESH
Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 2008
Genetic diversity of 40 traditional Bangladeshi rice genotypes was studied under rainfed lowland condition through Mahalanobis D2 statistic for grain yield and yield contributing characters. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The inter cluster distances were higher than the intra cluster distances indicating wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different clusters. The intra cluster distances were lower in all the cases reflecting homogeneity of the genotypes within the clusters. The cluster VI contained the highest number of genotypes (12) and the cluster IV contained the lowest (2). The highest intra cluster distance was noticed for the cluster VI and the lowest for cluster IV. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster III and IV followed by clusters IV and V, clusters I and IV, clusters IV and VI and the lowest between clusters II and VI. Regarding inter cluster distance, cluster IV showed high genetic distance from all other four cluster...
Genetic divergence analysis of traditional rice cultivars of West Bengal, India
Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 2013
Genetic divergence was assessed among 51 landraces of rice genotypes using Mahalanobis's D 2 analysis. The 51 rice genotypes were grouped into 11 clusters. Cluster II was found to be the largest comprising 16 genotypes followed by cluster III having 8 genotypes and cluster I included 7 genotypes. Cluster VI and XI had single genotype each. The pattern of distribution of genotypes from different ecogeographical regions into various clusters was at random indicating that geographical diversity and genetic diversity were not related. The characters viz. culm diameter, culm length, grain length contributed maximum towards genetic divergence among the genotypes and supposed to play important role in the improvement of rice. On the basis of cluster mean, intra and inter cluster distance and per se, cluster XI, X, XI, VI and VII may be used for their desirable characters in breeding programme of rice. Entries like, Sarkele aman, Annada and Jhingasal were selected which could be intercrossed to obtain high heterotic effect and also to recover desirable transgressive segregants.
Genetic divergence of jesso-balam rice (Oryza sativa L.) of Bangladesh
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 5 (1): 22-27
In total 27 genotypes of Jesso-Balam pure line rice germplasm were studied for fourteen morpho-physiological and four physico-chemical characters at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, during T. Aman 2009 and T. Aman 2011 seasons. According to principal component scores, the two-dimensional scatter diagram (Z1-Z2) has apparently distributed the genotypes into seven clusters. According to Mahalanobis' D 2 statistic for the studied characters, the genotypes were clubbed into seven groups. The highest number of genotypes (6) were included in clusters I and III and the lowest two (2) in cluster V and VII. It was also revealed that no duplicate was existed among the genotypes. The intra-cluster distance was maximum (0.77) in cluster III and minimum (0.28) in cluster VII, while the maximum inter-cluster distance (28.37) was observed between the clusters III and IV and the minimum (2.49) between the clusters I and VII. The cluster V has produced the highest means for plant height (148.18 cm), straw yield per hill (39.97 g), panicle length (28.14 cm) and protein content (9.61%). But, the cluster IV has showed the highest means for seedling height (69.5 cm), flag and penultimate leaf area (1059.5 cm 2), culm diameter (5.8 cm), filled grain number per panicle (3.64), grain length (8.63 mm) and 1000-grain weight (21.78 g), while the cluster VII had the highest means for grain yield per hill (31.27 g) and effective tiller number per hill (13.5) and the lowest mean for days to maturity (144). Therefore, the genotypes of cluster V need to be crossed with the genotypes of cluster IV or cluster VII, for developing new Balam rice with maximum other good characters. Finally, it could be concluded that the studied Jesso-Balam pure lines germplasm is a good source of valuable genes.
The present investigation was conducted during kharif season of 2012, to assess the the genetic diversity in exotic and indigenous germplasm of rice for twelve quantitative characters. Fifty test genotypes along with three checks were evaluated in Randomized block design. The composition of various distinct non-overlapping clusters varied from 2 to 14. Clustering pattern revealed the distribution of genotypes belonging to the same origin in more than one cluster indicating non-parallism between geographic and genetic diversity. Members of cluster II and III were highly diverse from each other as these clusters showed maximum inter-cluster distance. Hence, genotypes belonging to the cluster II and III can be used as parents for hybridization programme for the development of high yielding rice genotypes. The entries of cluster II showed the highest mean values for Panicle length, biological yield plant -1 and grain yield plant -1 . Based on cluster mean and divergence, it was concluded that the hybridization between genotypes in cluster II and III could produce desirable recombinants for grain yield.
Genetic diversity in local Boro rice (Oryza Sativa L.) genotypes of Bangladesh
Genetic diversity in 40 traditional boro rice genotypes was studied under irrigated condition through Mahalanobis D 2 statistic for grain yield and yield contributing characters. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters. The inter-cluster distances were higher than intra-cluster distances indicating wider genetic diversity among the clusters. The intra-cluster distances were lower in all the cases reflecting homogeneity of the genotypes within the clusters. The cluster IV contained the highest number of genotypes (22) and the cluster II and V contained the lowest (1). The highest intracluster distance was noticed for the cluster III and lowest for cluster II and V. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and III followed by cluster II and V, cluster I and II and the lowest between cluster I and IV. Regarding inter-cluster distance, the genotypes of cluster II showed high genetic distance from all other clusters. The genotypes from cluster II could be hybridized with the genotypes of other clusters for producing transgressive segregants. Based on positive value of vector 1 and vector 2, panicle/hill had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence. The highest cluster means for yield, flag leaf length and grain length breadth ratio were obtained from cluster IV. The highest 1000-grain weight, shortest growth duration and grain breadth were found in cluster II while the lowest mean value for yield, flag leaf length, filled grains and 1000 grain weight were found in cluster V. Therefore, more emphasis should be given on cluster II, III and cluster IV for selecting genotypes as parents for crossing with the genotypes of cluster V which would be used to produce new recombinants with desired traits.