FOREIGNIZING VS. DOMESTICATING REFERENCES TO FLORA AND FAUNA IN CHILDREN'S LITERATURE (original) (raw)
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Culture-bound elements, such as proper names, food items, and idioms not only place the story of a book in a specific culture and period of time, but also imply certain values. These elements also have an effect on how the reader identifies with the story and characters. So, it is important to find the most appropriate strategy to translate such elements.The objective of this paper is to find out what the most frequently used strategy in translation of culture-specific items in children‟s literature is. To this end, venuti‟s (1995) model of domestication and foreignization strategies was adopted as the framework. The culture-bound terms were classified based on Toponyms, Anthroponyms, Means of transportation, Date, Food and Drink, Idioms, Measuring system, Scholastic reference. In the process of tracking down the culture-specific items the model proposed by Pedersen (2005) has been used. To collect and analyze the data, first, the researcher compared ten successive pages, selected randomly, of each of the selected English children‟s stories (Daddy long legs by Jean Webster, Anne- of- Green-Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery, the Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain, and The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain) with their Persian translation to identify culture-specific items. Next, the strategies used by the translator were identified and their frequency was calculated. The results, then, were presented in some tables. According to the obtained results, although both domesticating and foreignizing strategies have been used, foreignization has been the most dominant cultural translation strategy in children‟s literature.
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This study investigated two significant translation methods, namely foreignization and domestication, when translating children’s literature from English into Arabic. The purpose of the study is to find answers for two questions. First, do the norms regulate the translation of English children’s literature into Arabic. Second, to which method do translators opt for when translating English children’s literature into Arabic. The current paper attempts to identifying whether translating English children’s literature into Arabic is regulated by norms or not. The translator has one option when translating a text, either to domesticate or to foreignize the text based on Schleiermacher’s method of translation. Two translated versions of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland were analysed at the level of diction and discourse. A descriptive analysis of the norms was used to analyse this study and specific theoretical frameworks were used by the researchers in order to classify the selected item...
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The present study has investigated the translation of cultural translation strategies in an English book as a source text (ST), and its two Persian translations as target texts (TTs). The corpus consists of Lewiss Caroll's "Alice in wonderland" along with two Persian translations by Pirzad (1379) and Honarmandi (1350) as TTs. The data of this study were collected and evaluated based on Venuti's model. This research aimed at investigating the strategies used by translators in rendering the domestication and foreignization. Also, highlighting the frequency of each strategy and identifying the shortcomings of the Persian translations with regard to cultural translation strategies were the other objectives of it. Data were collected by the researcher and were processed through SPSS software. To this end, frequency, percentages, and mean are represented by tables and diagrams. The results of this study indicated that there was a significant difference between the freque...
Journal of Language and Translation, 2017
This study aimed to investigate translators‟ approach in dealing with culture -specific items (CSI) in translation of fantasy fiction for children. For this purpose, the culture-specific items in Persian translations of John Ronald Reuel Tolkien‟s The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit as well as Lewis‟s The Chronicles of Narnia were taken into consideration. Since children have limited amount of knowledge and language ability, translators of children‟s novels may encounter difficulties while dealing with culture-specific items. They cannot easily decide whether to domesticate or foreignize such items. The reason to select these novels was that these are highly fantasy, localized novels, and are expressive of the country where they were developed. They are also very popular novels and strongly related to fairy tales, myths, and legends. They demonstrate obvious deviation from reality and abound in culture-specific items. This descriptive research employed a parallel corpus study and a...
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The present study is located within the framework of descriptive translation studies proposed by Toury (1995). Its main concern is the investigation of the treatment of cultural references, names and wordplay in the translation of children's literature into Arabic. The subject of the analysis covers three books from the famous series of Harry Potter by the English author J.K. Rowling and their published Arabic translations. Detailed analysis of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, and Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince which are translated into Arabic by different translators is performed with the aim of uncovering the translation norms of each translator. The third book Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince was also translated by fans of Harry Potter in the Arab world. Comparisons between the official and fan TTs are also made. The analysis in Chapters five, six and seven shows that there is no clear coordination among the three official translators despite being commissioned by the same publishing House. While both of the translators of the Philosopher's Stone and the Goblet of Fire norms fluctuate between 'adequacy' and 'acceptability', the latter undertakes a distorting unstated abridgment of the original. The official translator of the Half-Blood Prince has the strongest norms among all with a clear tendency towards 'adequacy', while the fans lean more towards the pole of 'acceptability'.
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This study focuses on the translation of literary texts from English into Arabic, it discusses the challenges that face translators of children’s literature (CL)regarding cultural references, and offers solutions for such challenges. The research approach adopted in this dissertation includes a descriptive analysis carried out through comparing two translated versions of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. The findings from this research provide evidence that Klingberg’s (1986) theory as well as other translation strategies and procedures can be used in translating culturally bound terms and expressions to produce child-friendly translations in Arabic. The main conclusions drawn from this study state that despite the multiplicity of translation theories and strategies, translating literature remains problematic. This becomes more difficult when it comes to CL translation because of the specificity of the target language(TL) recipient (the child). This dissertation concludes by recommending further investigation of the most convenient strategies to achieve child-oriented literature through translation. Keywords: Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, literary translation, children’s literature, translation theories, adaptation
English Cultural Expressions Translation: Strategies Used in Rendering Narnia Chronicles into Arabic
Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2018
This study explores the intercultural transfer that takes place during the process of translating children's literature from English into Arabic. It's main purpose is to investigate how culture-specific items or expressions are dealt with when they are rendered into Arabic and find out the most preferable translation strategies that can be applied in an attempt to make the translated versions acceptable and accessible to the target audience. This study draws its data from three English novels that belong to the famous series of Narnia Chronicles which are translated into Arabic. It also states the effects of following domestication or foreignization translation strategies. It is found that there is no consistency in the used translation strategies despite the fact that the three books are translated by the same translator. The study also shows that a compromise which includes the use of domestication and foreignization translation strategies seems to be the ideal solution.
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The study aimed to illustrate how exploring the origins of metaphors contribute in a better understanding of the nature of metaphors and, thus, in preventing mistranslation. In translation of animal personification, where the metaphoric meanings of animals in the source language (SL) are different from or contradictory to those in the target language (TL), the translators usually choose a different animal in the target text (TT) whose characteristics match the ones attributed to it in the source text (ST). The task becomes more complicated in translation of Animal Farm (Orwell, 1945) (the present study), where the image of some animals is different even between the SL and the ST. Accordingly, different translation strategies were proposed depending on the relationship between the SL, the ST, and the TL. We studied personification in three languages of Persian as a high-context culture, Portuguese as a low context-culture, and English as a lower-context culture language in comparison with the Portuguese. We tried to examine if the degree of context culture between languages involved in translation influences the degree of differences in personification of the animals in theses languages. The proposed translation strategies were based on the premise that a translator in normal circumstances would go through these translational phases. However, this study (translation of Animal Farm) revealed that theory cannot bring about a satisfactory answer to all the translation problems. Because theories are descriptive and each text is singularly different from the other and nothing can be deemed wholly predictable in terms of translation.