Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Fungicide for the Management of Alternaria Leaf Spot Disease of Chilli (original) (raw)
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The in vitro response of two Sclerotinia minor-, five S. sclerotiorum- and two Sclerotium cepivorum-isolates to 16 biological control agents and eight fungicides was evaluated. A split plot experimental design was used, with a factorial arrangement correction for each pathogen. Factor A corresponded to fungi isolates and Factor B to control agents. The comparison of means was carried out using a Tukey test (P<0.05), having 11 evaluations every 24 h of the Mycelial radial growth rates (Mrgr). In any case no effect was found, alone or in interactions with control agents. Dicloran, Benomyl, Tebuconazole and Cyprodinil- Fludioxonil inhibited the mycelial growth of all fungi with a final average of 1.0 Mrgr, and in greater proportion than biological agents (BA). The BA that propitiated the lesser mycelial growth towards S. minor were: Microorganisms (BPGPlus), Trichoderma sp. (Trichoderma), T. viride (Esporalis) and Bacillus subtillis (Serenade max); with isolates of S. sclerotiorum, Trichoderma sp. (Trichoderma), Trichoderma harzianum (Natucontrol), Microorganisms (BPG-Plus) and T. harzianum (Biotricho-H), with a Mrgr of 1.48, 1.56, 2.35 and 2.53, respectively. For S. cepivorum, the best management was obtained with Trichoderma sp. (Trichoderma), T. viride (Esporalis), T. harzianum (Natucontrol) and Microorganisms (BPG-plus), with a Mrgr of 1.03, 1.73, 2.55 and 2.70, respectively. In summary, Thichoderma sp. and Microorganisms were the most consistents in their ability to inhibit the three pathogens.
Journal of Plant Protection Research, 2015
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, the causal agent of Sclerotinia stem rot, is one of the most important pathogens of Brassica napus L. in northern Iran. In this study, 13 mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs) of the fungus were identified among 31 isolates sampled from four regions of Mazandaran province, Iran. Effective fungicides are useful in the integrated management of the disease. So, the effect of tebuconazole, propiconazole, cyproconazole, and Rovral-TS at five doses (0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 ppm) was studied on the growth inhibition of S. sclerotiorum as in vitro tests. Maximum inhibition (100%) of S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth was obtained by the highest dose (1 ppm) of all tested fungicides, as well as by the doses of 0.1 and 0.01 ppm of propiconazole, cyproconazole, and tebuconazole. In this investigation, the reaction of S. sclerotiorum isolates belonging to different MCGs was evaluated against tebuconazole, propiconazole, cyproconazole, and Rovral-TS at their EC 50 ranges. The results revealed that there was high variation of S. sclerotiorum MCGs against different fungicides. The inhibition percentage varied between 4.29% and 71.72%.
The present study reveals the antagonistic potential of some fungi isolated from the agricultural field soil which were screened against the test pathogen (Sclerotium rolfsii) in vitro. Six fungal species viz. Penicillium sp, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia sp, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, and Fusarium sp were tested in vitro in dual culture by inoculating both the antagonist and the pathogen simultaneously (2cm apart). Among the six fungal isolates, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride grew very fast compared to the pathogen (Sclerotium rolfsii) and inhibited its mycelium producing a clear inhibition zone. Maximum percentage of inhibition on the growth of the Sclerotium rolfsii was observed with Trichoderma harzianum (77.39%), followed by Trichoderma viride (76.54%) while considerable degree of inhibition was also observed with, Aspergillus niger (30.48%), Penicillium sp (29.05%) and Curvularia sp (13.57%). The study revealed the biocontrol potential of some naturally available soil fungi isolated from the agricultural field soil, which may be tried as biocontrol agents against Sclerotium rolfsii in the field condition.
Efficacy of Several Potential Biocontrol Agents against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
In vitro seventeen antagonistic microorganisms were evaluated against phytopathogen Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum by dual culture techniques. After 3 days from incubation, the maximum growth inhibition of the tested pathogen was noticed by Coniothyrium minitans (75.83%) followed by Trichoderma hamatum (63.33%). Also, after 15 days, the highest reduction of mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum came from C. minitans (91.11%) followed by T. hamatum (85.83%). In case of sclerotia germination, C. minitans and T. hamatum significantly inhibited sclerotia germination with 95.83 and 91.67% reduction, respectively
Potential of some fungicides on the growth and development of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in vitro
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is known to be a serious pathogen on many crops of economic importance. This pathogen is the major constraint in successful cultivation of most of the cash crops in Barak Valley. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the potential of six systemic fungicides (i.e. Propiconazole 25% EC, Hexaconazole 5% EC, Mycobutanil 10% WP, Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP, Tebuconazole 25.9 m/m EC & Carbendazim 50%WP); three non-systemic fungicides(i.e. Captaf, Mancozeb 75%WP & Copper oxychloride) and three combo fungicides(i.e. Metalaxyl 8% +Mancozeb 64% , Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% & Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5%). These fungicides were evaluated at different concentrations (i.e. 1, 10, 50 and 100 ppm), except copper-oxychloreide (contact) at 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.00% on the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii in Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium using poisoned food technique, in vitro. The result shows that the effect of hexaconazole (systemic) has been highly effective in suppressing radial expansion as well as percent inhibition of the fungus at all the concentrations used followed by Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5%(combo Fungicide) and tebuconazole (systemic). The results suggest that some of these fungicides may be tried against S. rolfsii in susceptible crop plants (i.e. brinjal) under field condition.
Alternative products in the "in vitro" inhibition of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Scientia Agricola, 2005
The white mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a very important disease in tomato crops. The objective of this work was to study the effect of plant extracts, animal residues and industrial by-products extracts on the fungus in vitro growth. Treatments consisted of different concentrations of pyrolignous oil, neem oil, monosodium glutamate, sewage sludge and organic compost [coffee residue (50%) coal residue (10%), maize residue (25%), poultry waste (12.5%), poultry meal (2.5%)]. Positive control consisted of Petri dishes with PDA medium and negative control treatment consisted of PDA medium with procymidone. Fungus colonies were incubated at 22ºC and light intensity of 260 lux. Variables such as mycelium growth rate, sclerotia production, and viability 7 and 17 days after the transfer of mycelium disc to neon media were assessed. The extract of organic compost at 30% was effective in controlling mycelial growth and sclerotia production. This treatment, as well as neem oil a...
Different strains of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were isolated from the diseased samples collected from different hosts and locations. Among the 14 isolates, 12 isolates colonies covered the entire Petri plates within 96 hours but, two isolates from fababean and yellow mustard showed slow colony growth within 96 hours. All isolates produced sclerotia which were varied in number, but the fenugreek isolate produced maximum (43) number of sclerotia and lambs quarter isolate produced minimum number of sclerotia (12) on PDA medium. To examine inhibitory effect of fungicide on the mycelial growth of the pathogen, 9 fungicides were tested in vitro against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, of those carbendazim, carboxin, topsin-M and carbendazim+ mancozeb (SAAF) were found most effective and inhibited the mycelial growth of pathogen up to 100 per cent at 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% concentration. The effect of different bioagents viz., Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, T. koningii, T. atroviride, T. longibraciatum, Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globosome and Penicillium notatum in inhibiting the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was studied through ―Dual Culture Technique‖. The data showed that among the eight biocontrol agent six were fond effective. The maximum inhibition was found by T. harzianum causing 70.82% inhibition of mycelial growth of the pathogen S. sclerotiorum. Keywords: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; fungicides and biocontrol agents.
Compatible Bioagents to Enhance Efficacy Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Journal of Krishi Vigyan , 2024
Sustainable crop production systems require phytopathogens to be managed effectively with the use of microorganisms. In recent years major thrust is given on other alternative methods including biological control with the inclusion of ecologically well-adopted, bio agents, which is environment-friendly and also curtail the hazards of intensive use of toxic materials and add as a major component of modern integrated disease management strategy. The concept of developing microbial consortia for bio-control relies on the fact that bioagents under natural habitats live in communities with some benefits for plants. Attempts were made to evaluate the relative compatibility of Trichoderma harzianum with a few other commonly used soil antagonists viz. Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus and Gliocladium virens by dual culture technique. The most compatible antagonist was found to be G. virens with T. harzianum followed by T. koningii, T. viride and A. flavus. The radial growth of T. harzianum was more as compared to other soil antagonists on dual culture assay except in case of T. harzianum and A. terreus where the A. terreus was seen to suppress the growth of T. harzianum. The best pair of compatible antagonists was found to be T. harzianum-G. virens. Under pot condition, dual application of bioagents-T.harzianum and G.virens showed significant reduction in percent disease incidence and greater efficacy in increasing plant height, dry weight of root, shoot and crop yield as compared to the control.
Efectividad de fungicidas convencionales y biorracionales sobre Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro
Revista Mexicana De Ciencias Agricolas, 2015
In the northern State of Sinaloa white mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary, is a disease affecting bean plants at any stage of development, including seedlings, mature plants and harvested fruits. Farmers often try to manage the disease by spraying fungicides, whose efficiency is often low because: a) not the most appropriate fungicides are used; b) are applied with poor coverage; c) there is a possible selection of resistance to these pesticides, among other reasons. The aim of this study was to determine the biological effectiveness, in vitro, of 10 conventional synthetic fungicides and 10 bio-rationales on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, in different concentrations. Conventional fungicides pyraclostrobin + boscalid, carbendazim, fluazinam, fludioxonil and cyprodinil + prochloraz at all doses tested were the most effective against S. sclerotiorum. Bio-rational products, salicylic acid, hydrogen dioxide, grapefruit seed extract in the doses tested and citronella extract 1 000 ppm controlled the fungus in 100%.
Effect of Fungicides on in Vitro Growth of Sclerotium Rolfsii
Pakistan Journal of Botany
Six fungicides viz., Benomyl, Sancozeb, Thiovit, Dithane M-45, Carbandazim and Topsin-M were tested against Sclerotium rolfsii by food poison method. At low concentration, no fungicide inhibited the growth of S. rolfsii, however, at high concentration Dithane M-45 and Sencozeb significantly reduced the growth.