Education, Work, and Motherhood in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Review of Equality Challenges and Opportunities for Women with Disabilities (original) (raw)
Related papers
Annotated Bibliography: Disability and Gender in Low- and Middle-income Countries (LMICs)
2020
This annotated bibliography provides an overview and outlines key messages from a selected range of academic and practioner literature looking at gender and disability in low- and middle-income countries, which may help with planning for gender inclusion in programmes and projects. The papers included here are not intended to be an exhaustive list of all the relevant literature. A focus is placed literature looking at the main areas of work of the Disability Inclusive Development programme: stigma, livelihoods (which also applies to the Inclusion Works programme), education, and health, as well as humanitarian contexts. Literature which focuses solely on one of these areas has been included in the relevant sections, and those which address multiple areas are included in the first, overarching section on gender and disability. As is often the case, the literature on gender and disability in low- and middle-income countries has a tendency to focus mainly on the experiences of women and girls with disabilities. There is a lack of evidence relating to gender and disability in low- and middle-income countries, although more evidence is emerging as awareness of the importance of the issue grows. People with disabilities face exclusion and discrimination on the grounds of both their gender and their disability, as well as other intersecting factors such as age, race, class or poverty. The intersectional nature of discrimination and inequality impacts all areas of life, from access to services, personal security, livelihoods and leisure, through to individual choice and autonomy. Women and girls with disabilities are more likely to face discrimination and exclusion than people without disabilities and compared with men and boys with disabilities. Their participation in education, livelihoods, and healthcare is challenges by barriers including stigma and cultural practices resulting in discrimination and prejudice, lack of accessible services, and lack of support from family, teachers and institutions - all of which are exacerbated by poverty. Women with disabilities are also at greater risk of physical, mental and sexual abuse and because of stigmatisation, have lower marriage prospects. Therefore, it is important to ensure the meaningful inclusion of women and men with disabilities in programming.
An International Open Access Journal UGC and ISSN Approved | AND INNOVATIVE RESEARCH OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, 2019
People living with disabilities encounter many disadvantages in society and are often subject to stigma and discrimination. ‘Women with disabilities’ suffer a double discrimination, both on the grounds of gender and of impairment. The consequences of deficiencies and disablement are particularly serious for women. Women with disabilities are subjected to social, cultural and economic disadvantages, which impede their access to, for example, health care, education, vocational training and employment. The Biwako Millennium Framework highlights the low status of women and girls with disabilities and the discrimination faced by them while accessing education, vocational training, employment and income generation opportunities. The framework focuses that due to the denied opportunities for development, they lack a sense of self-worth and self-esteem. Education is urged to be a powerful tool for the welfare of all. But when it comes to educational experiences of women and girls with disabilities- one of the most marginalized group in society, it is seen that disparities exist. This paper briefly reviews the scholarly articles and research studies focusing on the educational status of the women with disabilities and their impediment to education. Various studies indicated the neglected state of education of women with disabilities. Access to educational opportunities was limited for disabled women than disabled men and non-disabled women. Several barriers contributing in the low educational status of these women is stated in the studies reviewed.
Barriers to marriage and motherhood: the experiences of disabled women in Malaysia
The History of the Family, 2019
The conceptualisation of disability is contested globally and issues in gender studies further complicate the movement towards the development of an inclusive and equal society. However, most disability and gender research studies are based on the data collected in the Global North, and little is known about disabled women in the Global South. The data presented here is from a bigger study focusing on the lived experiences of women with disabilities. This paper sets to explore how disabled women in Malaysia experience their lives in terms of marriage and motherhood prospects. The data of this qualitative study was collected from a set of in-depth interviews involving 32 women in Malaysia with physical (mobility) impairment. Over a period of 6 months, 16 Malays, 8 Chinese and 8 Indian women were interviewed twice. The analysis proposes both retrospective and introspective accounts on marriage and motherhood. The data gathered from the in-depth interviews was transcribed and analysed thematically with the help of NVivo software. The findings indicated that most participants have experienced significant barriers concerning individual constraints, familial control, and societal barriers. These were discussed with the intrinsic aspects and contextual factors of living in a patriarchal and traditional society that significantly undermined the wellbeing of disabled women in this study. Nevertheless, many of those interviewed refused to give up their hope of having a family life despite the constant struggles they encountered in their pursuit of happiness. However, their aspirations to experience family life were restricted and this caused them to experience significant psycho-emotional problems. They were constantly reminded that they were 'disabled' and not worthy of experiencing life like other women. The paper will discuss these challenges and negative societal attitudes towards the issue.
The Status of Women with Disabilities from Personal, Familiar and Social Aspects: A Study in India
2013
The attitude of society towards women with disabilities is very precarious across the world. More or less the same mindset also prevails in India. Because of high rate of illiteracy, ignorance and being a member of developing country in this twenty first century, no one come forward to sort out this issue totally from, personal, familiar, societal and governmental point of view. Many NGOs, Social activists and GOs are coming forward gradually to take up this issue as an important factor for the inclusive growth of the country, but it needs more thought process and rigor to include the disables in the main stream. Most of the disabled women are subject to violence, betrayed by husband, misbehaved by nears and dears. They are deprived of good education, livelihood for which they feel that they are marginalized. This study has emphasized on the conditions and status of women with disability, particularly in the state of Odisha (previously named as Orissa) in India. This study is a part...
1 Empowerment Challenges Faced by Women with Disabilities in
2016
This study was carried out to assess challenges faced by women with disabilities. The study is mainly centred on qualitative approach. The study was carried out in Marondera. A total of forty (40) participants was used in the study. It was established that women with disabilities face many empowerment challenges requiring the attention of both the government and the communities in which they live. Some of these challenges are educational, discrimination and limited access to gainful employment. The study made several recommendations including: a course on disability and special needs for teacher training colleges; in-service training programmes for teachers in schools; government commitment to improvement of women with disabilities education; prohibiting discrimination of all spheres of life on the basis of one’s disability status should be prohibited; and many other recommendations.
Global education review, 2016
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) has been the catalyst for countless national policies around the world which focus on increased participation of individuals with disabilities in educational and community settings. Despite these national and international policies, most children with disabilities in developing countries are out-of-school. This manuscript examines local factors which make it difficult to address the needs of individuals with disabilities in developing nations.┬a We begin by describing the link between global poverty and disability and a summary of relevant international agreements. ┬aWe then describe common barriers to the realization of these agreements that have been reported in a number of studies.┬a In addition to relevant literature on this topic, we highlight examples that have emerged from studies conducted in El Salvador, Ethiopia, and Liberia to illustrate salient issues about the topic.┬a The studies revealed some common barr...
Independent and Successful Women with Disability: Lesson Learned from West Sumatera Province
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Gender, Culture and Society, ICGCS 2021, 30-31 August 2021, Padang, Indonesia
Law No. 8 of 2016 concerning people with disabilities in Article 1 states that people with disabilities are every person who experiences physical, intellectual, mental, and / or sensorics limitations for a long period of time who in interacting with the environment may experience obstacles and difficulties to fully and effectively participate with other citizen based on an equal right. Women with disabilities have equal rights with women without disabilities. However, they often experience discrimination because they are not considered independent. They work to make ends meet and improve social skills to be independence. The lack of diverse job opportunities for women with disabilities makes them choose to work in the business sector even though there are women with disabilities who have careers in the government sector. The existence of support, equal opportunity and room for participation are factors that encourage women with disabilities to be empowered. The elimination of discrimination against gender and disabilities will provide great opportunities for women with disabilities to step forward, be empowered and creative. This research will discuss how women with disabilities to be empowered and survive from discrimination they experienced so that they success in career, daily life and how women with disabilities participate in economic development, especially in the family economy. The purposes of this research are to identify the factors that enable women with disabilities to be success, to explore the role of "social milleu" (family, friendship, community) and to provide support to women with disabilities. This type of research is descriptive-qualitative research or case study type, which is a type of research that describes the state of an object or event without an intention to draw general conclusions. Qualitative method is "a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and observable behavior. In collecting data about the respondent's determination, the researcher uses the life history method with narrative data analysis. The result of this research is that there is a role model for other women with disabilities to survive from the discrimination they experienced. Then the results of the next research on the journey of women with disabilities who are able to survive from the discrimination they received so that they are successful in their careers in the public sector are divided into 4 topics. The first topic is life before they become people with disabilities. The second topic talks about accident causing their physical disability. The third topic is about how these participants accept the transition from person without disability to person with physical disability and how they overcome obstacles when they become people with physical disabilities. The fourth topic talks about the participants' lives to survive and succeed in building their career at public sector.
Finding Our Voices: Employment and Career Development for Women with Disabilities
2020
Women comprise approximately half of the world's population, yet as a group, they are less likely to be employed and more likely to be living in poverty than men (United Nations 2015). These gender disparities in employment are one of the most persistent gaps identified in a global snapshot identifying gender differences in access to health services, education, the labour market and political participation across 144 countries (World Economic Forum 2016). Although all women face restricted access to the labour market, women with disabilities are particularly vulnerable because of their multilayered identities as individuals who are female and also have disability identities. According to the World Report on Disability, women with disabilities have lower rates of employment, are less likely to participate in education or training and are more likely to live in poverty than men with disabilities as well as women without disabilities (World Health Organization 2011). When women with
Journal of International Development, 2022
Despite a growing focus on disability-inclusive employment and livelihoods, people with intellectual disabilities and their families remain underrepresented in both the literature and in employment programming. This paper identifies key barriers to inclusive employment collected through six (6) focus groups made up of people with intellectual disabilities (N:54) and their family members (N:45) in Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, and Bangladesh. Self-advocates and families report stigma, denial of access to education, safety and security concerns, pressure to engage in self-employment, and discrimination as key barriers. Their experiences can contribute to more inclusive cross-disability perspectives on employment and provide guidance for practitioners aiming to design responsive disability-inclusive employment programmes.
Women with disabilities in India
2016
People with disabilities face many hurdles in their fight for inclusion and equality. Although, both men and women with disabilities are subjected to discrimination, it is the latter who are at a further disadvantage. Women with disabilities face “double discrimination” given that these women are subjected to not just disability limitations but also gender oppression. The paper explores the issues pertaining to women with disabilities in India. Drawing from the existing literature and statistics the article attempts to highlight the barriers faced by disabled women in India. It describes the abuse, violence, unemployment, discrimination, exclusion and other obstacles that these women face given their gender and disability. Based on this analysis the necessary conclusions are drawn. Index Terms Disability, women, women with disabilities, marginalised, discrimination, abuse.