Follow-up study of alcoholic hallucinosis (original) (raw)

Alcoholic Hallucinosis: a psychiatric enigma–2. Follow‐up Studies

British journal of addiction, 1989

77115 paper reviews the contribution of natural history and genetic studies to the understanding of the syndrome called alcoholic hallucinosis. Critical analysis of research methodology demonstrates that the diversity of fundamental definitions and assessment techniques challenge the interpretations derived from the data. Important questions for future research are outlined.

Treatment of Alcohol-Induced Psychotic Disorder (Alcoholic Hallucinosis)—A Systematic Review

Alcohol and Alcoholism, 2017

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of evidence based treatments for alcohol-induced psychotic disorder (AIPD) as described by ICD-10 and DSM-5, a condition that is distinct from schizophrenia and has a close relationship with alcohol withdrawal states. Method: Systematic review using PRISMA guidelines. Results: Of 6205 abstracts found, fifteen studies and ten case reports met criteria and were examined. Larger studies examined the use of first-generation antipsychotic drugs, reporting full or partial remission in most patients. Newer case reports report similar results using second generation antipsychotic drugs. Novel treatments, such as those acting on GABA receptors reported low numbers of patients in remission. Some large studies report the successful use of standard alcohol withdrawal treatments. Conclusion: The findings of our systematic review are inconclusive. There was significant heterogeneity between and within studies. Significant publication bias is likely. Randomized control trials of more carefully delineated samples would produce evidence of greater clinical utility, for example, on differential effectiveness of antipsychotics and optimal length of standard alcohol withdrawal treatments. AIPD patients who show poor treatment responses should be studied in greater depth. Short Summary: This systematic review of alcohol-induced psychotic disorder treatment found 15 studies and 10 case reports of relevance. Older studies of first-generation antipsychotics reported full or partial remission in most patients, as did newer studies with second-generation antipsychotics. Novel drugs reported low remission rates. Standard alcohol withdrawal treatments were successful. BACKGROUND Excess alcohol consumption results in medical and social problems around the world. It accounts for 3% of global deaths (Rehm et al., 2009). Neuropsychiatric consequences to alcohol dependence syndrome include delirium tremens, alcohol-related brain damage, Korsakoff's syndrome and alcoholic hallucinosis. The terms 'alcoholic hallucinosis' and 'alcohol-induced psychotic' disorder (AIPD) are often used interchangeably, although they may be better

Alcohol withdrawal hallucinations in the general population, an epidemiological study

Psychiatry Research

Hallucinations are sometimes encountered in the course of alcohol withdrawal; however, both the factors predisposing to alcohol withdrawal hallucinations (AWH) and the implications of AWH with respect to the mechanisms of hallucinations remain unclear. To clarify these issues, we used data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) to investigate the demographic correlates, alcohol-use clinical patterns, and psychiatric comorbidities in two groups: drinkers with and without a history of AWH. We estimated the odds ratios for studied factors and used logistic regression analyses to compare the two groups. We found that over 2% of drinkers reported AWH (758 of a sample of 34,533 subjects). Alcohol tolerance and withdrawal seizures were highly associated with AWH, and exposure to alcohol during brain development was associated with a 10-fold increase in AWH compared to

Transient Musical Hallucinations in a Young Adult Male Associated with Alcohol Withdrawal

Case Reports in Psychiatry, 2019

We present the case of a 25-year-old male who presented to A&E with isolated musical hallucinations, in the absence of audiological or neurological disease. The patient had a history of recreational drug use and a family history of psychosis. Hallucinations, which were preceded by discontinuation of alcohol and reinitiation of citalopram for depression, resolved spontaneously after three days. Aetiological factors are discussed alongside the existing literature. Whilst the underlying mechanisms underpinning musical hallucinations remain elusive, the case illustrates the potential role of alcohol withdrawal, serotonin toxicity, recreational drug use, and genetic vulnerability.

Alcohol-Induced Psychotic Disorder with Suicidal Attempt: A Case Report

The Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2018

Alcohol-induced psychotic disorder (AIPD) is a rare complication of alcohol abuse which is characterized by an acute onset of auditory or visual hallucinations that occur either during or after a period of heavy alcohol consumption. Other symptoms include delusions, thought disorder, psychomotor disturbances, and abnormal affect. To establish the diagnosis, one must rule out other disorders such as alcohol withdrawal delirium or other psychotic disorders. Although it is well recognised, relatively little is known about the condition. Moreover, the pathogenesis and treatment of AIPD are still unclear despite high co-morbidity with other psychiatric disorders, high re-hospitalization as well as mortality rates and suicidal behaviour. Therefore, the prognosis appears less favourable. We present a case of young man with AIPD with suicidal attempt secondary to auditory hallucination. Please click PDF below to download the full paper...

Prevalence of hallucinations and their pathological associations in the general population

Psychiatry Research, 2000

Hallucinations are perceptual phenomena involved in many fields of pathology. Although clinically widely explored, studies in the general population of these phenomena are scant. This issue was investigated using representative samples of the non-institutionalized general population of the United Kingdom, Germany and Italy Ž . aged 15 years or over N s 13 057 . These surveys were conducted by telephone and explored mental disorders and Ž hallucinations visual, auditory, olfactory, haptic and gustatory hallucinations, out-of-body experiences, hypnagogic . Ž and hypnopompic hallucinations . Overall, 38.7% of the sample reported hallucinatory experiences 19.6% less than . once in a month; 6.4% monthly; 2.7% once a week; and 2.4% more than once a week . These hallucinations Ž . Ž . Ž occurred, 1 At sleep onset hypnagogic hallucinations 24.8% andror upon awakening hypnopompic hallucinations . 6.6% , without relationship to a specific pathology in more than half of the cases; frightening hallucinations were Ž . more often the expression of sleep or mental disorders such as narcolepsy, OSAS or anxiety disorders. 2 During the Ž . Ž . daytime and reported by 27% of the sample: visual prevalence of 3.2% and auditory 0.6% hallucinations were Ž strongly related to a psychotic pathology respective OR of 6.6 and 5.1 with a conservative estimate of the lifetime . Ž . prevalence of psychotic disorders in this sample of 0.5% ; and to anxiety respective OR of 5.0 and 9.1 . Haptic Ž . hallucinations were reported by 3.1% with current use of drugs as the highest risk factor ORs 9.8 . In conclusion, the prevalence of hallucinations in the general population is not negligible. Daytime visual and auditory hallucinations are associated with a greater risk of psychiatric disorders. The other daytime sensory hallucinations are more related to an organic or a toxic disorder. ᮊ M.M. Ohayon . 0165-1781r00r$ -see front matter ᮊ 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Ž . PII: S 0 1 6 5 -1 7 8 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 7 -4 ( ) M.M. Ohayon r Psychiatry Research 97 2000 153᎐164 154

Hallucinations: diagnosis, neurobiology and clinical management

International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2020

Hallucinations are important diagnostic symptoms in schizophrenia, but also occur in other medical and neuropsychiatric conditions. Not all patients with hallucinations are psychotic. There has been a surge of interest in the topic of hallucinations, as new research data have begun to reveal their neurobiology. Hallucinogenic molecules may also serve as new scaffolds for the development of new psychotropic drugs. We searched and reviewed recent literature, focusing on the refinement of clinical management, which was inspired by new data regarding the neurobiology of hallucination subtypes. We concluded that the successful management of hallucinations depends on accurate differential diagnosis to identify subtypes, which would then determine the most appropriate treatment.

Alcohol-induced psychotic disorder and delirium in the general population

The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2010

Background Epidemiological data on alcohol-induced psychotic disorder and delirium (alcohol-induced psychotic syndrome, AIPS) are scarce. Aims To investigate the epidemiology of AIPS, the risk factors for developing AIPS among people with alcohol dependence, and mortality associated with alcohol dependence with or without AIPS, in a sample drawn from the general population of Finland. Method A general population sample of 8028 persons were interviewed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and screened for psychotic disorders using multiple sources. Best-estimate diagnoses of psychotic disorders were made using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IV Axis I Disorders and case notes. Data on hospital treatments and deaths were collected from national registers. Results The lifetime prevalence was 0.5% for AIPS and was highest (1.8%) among men of working age. Younger age at onset of alcohol dependence, low socioeconomic status, father's mental health or alcohol...

A 20-year multi-follow-up of hallucinations in schizophrenia, other psychotic, and mood disorders

Psychological Medicine, 2013

Background. Hallucinations are a major aspect of psychosis and a diagnostic feature of both psychotic and mood disorders. However, the field lacks information regarding the long-term course of hallucinations in these disorders. Our goals were to determine the percentage of patients with hallucinations and the relationship between hallucinations and recovery, and work attainment.