Histopathology of the Tissue of a Tubifcid Worm (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri) Exposed to Cadmium (original) (raw)
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Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology
In this study, electric yellow cichlid were (Labidochromis caeruleus) exposed to acute cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0, 50, 60, 70, 80 mg l-1) for 72 h, and chronic Cd concentrations (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00 mg l-1) for 20 d to examine histological alternation. In addition to the recovery was detected after 10 d. After chronic trial, rest of the fish were exposed to just water not containing cadmium for 10 day for recovery. Gills, liver, muscle, and spleen samples were collected from randomly selected fish. The tissue samples prepared with standard techniques for haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Cadmium depending on concentrations increase caused severe disorders on fish. After acute exposure, several changes were detected such as edema, hyperplasia, breakdown in epithelial tissues of gills; vacuolation and necrosis in liver; increase of hemosterin clustering and necrosis in spleen. After chronic exposure, some symptoms were also found such as edema, aneurysm, degermation of second...
Effect of cadmium on blood of Tilapia,Oreochromis mossambicus (peters), during prolonged exposure
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1990
Cadmium is recognized as one of the most hazardous environmental pollutants and is toxic to many living organisms. Experimental and environmental exposure to cadmium has been reported to cause disease in humans and other mammals (Friberg et al. 1986). Recent reviews on cadmium have reported on acute and subacute effects on fish, mechanisms of toxicity, the role of toxicity modifying factors and various sublethal effects, i.e. hematological and biochemical disorders (Sprague 1987). However, very little information is available on the subacute effects of cadmium on fish blood exposed in hard water. The present investigation, therefore, was carried out to observe the effects of cadmium on the blood of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) in hard and alkaline water to determine whether cadmium causes changes in blood of fish kept in hard water in the same way it causes changes in blood of fish kept in soft water. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fish used in the experiments were collected from a local lake and were acclimatized in a PVC tank (23g cm x g2 cm x 61 cm; 1100 L water capacity) and in glass aquaria (92 cm x 38 cm x 37 cm; 120 L water capacity) for at least 30 days. Healthy and active fish were selected for the study having a mean weight of 103.59-+3.66 gm and mean length of 19.9-+0.25 cm. These fish were divided into four main groups and further into six subgroups having five fish in each. These groups were exposed to 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 ppm Cd for a period of I, 3, 7, 14, 21 and g5 days. The nominal concentrations of cadmium were achieved by adding a suitable quantity of stock solution (600 ppm) to 60 L of water in the glass aquaria. Prior to the experiment and during experiment the fish were fed once daily with dry fish powder and on every alternate day with tubificid worms (Tubifex s__p_) ad libitum. The test medium was changed every day. The experiments were performed under natural light and ambient temperature. The quality of the test water (pH 7.97+_O.O13;temperature 29.77_+0.0#9~ alkalinity 333.56_+ Send reprint requests to Dr. S.G. Ruparelia.
2017
In this study, Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus kept in the medium with or without green algae, Cladophora glomerata was exposed to sublethal concentrations of 0.1 mg/l and 1 mg/l Cd +2 . At the end of 15 and 30 day periods, fish gills were removed to investigate histolopathological alterations by light microscopy. As a result of cadmium application; in the gills, changes were observed such as curling and fusion in secondary lamellae, epithelial hypertrophy, epithelial hyperplasia, pillar cell breakage, edema, swelling, aneurysm, necrosis and increased mucus secretion. The severity of the alterations resulting from cadmium increased with dose-time dependent. Histopathologic effects were observed to be lighter in the groups contained algae. This suggests that algae-like organisms in the environment accumulate some of the cadmium in their bodies, causing fish to be less affected.
We evaluated the effect of cadmium (Cd) on the structure and function of the head kidney in the freshwater fish Colossoma macropomum (C. macropomum). Juveniles were exposed to 0.1 mg/L CdCl 2 for 31 days. Blood samples were examined using hematological tests and head kidney histology was determined by light microscopy. The concentration of Cd in the head and trunk kidneys was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Cd produced histopathological changes in the head kidney, the most evident of these being: the thickening of the vein wall, an increase in the number of basophils/mast cells close to blood vessels and a severe depletion of hematopoietic precursors especially the granulopoietic series. In the blood, a decrease in the total leucocytes and hemoglobin concentration was observed. Cd-exposed fish showed higher Cd concentrations in the trunk kidney than the head kidney. In conclusion, exposure to Cd affected precursor hematopoietic cells in C. macropomum. Introduc...
TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, 2016
The worldwide decline in amphibian populations has made heavy metal pollution a subject of interest. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of sublethal doses of cadmium (Cd) on the liver, kidney, and blood of Rhinella arenarum specimens. Serum markers indicative of hepatic injury (gamma glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, pseudo cholinesterase, and total cholesterol) and markers of renal dysfunction (blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, calcium, and glucose) showed variation in animals treated with a 0.5 mg/kg dose compared to controls. Histopathological images revealed alterations in the liver (hepatocyte ballooning and hyperplasia of Kupffer cells) and kidney (renal tubular lumen dilation with tubular necrosis) of animals with abnormal serum markers. The above-mentioned lesions were more evident with the 5 mg/kg dose. With the 0.5 mg/kg dose, hematological values remained normal with the exception of the leukocyte formula. Animals treated with 5 mg/kg showed a significant decrease in both white and red blood cell counts and hematocrit and hemoglobin values. Differential leukocyte counts showed neutrophilia, monocytosis, and lymphopenia. Morphological aberrations were found in white and red blood cells. Results indicated that the evaluation of morphological and functional parameters in kidney, liver, and blood is required in order to monitor amphibian populations exposed to chemical contaminants.
Environmental Toxicology, 2007
The toxic and genotoxic potential of Cadmium (CdCl 2 ) were evaluated by the micronucleus test (MNT) and comet assay (CA) using amphibian larvae (Xenopus laevis and Pleurodeles waltl). Acute toxicity results showed that Cd is toxic to Xenopus larvae exposed from 2 to 50 mg/L and to Pleurodeles from 5 to 50 mg/L, depending on the nature of the water (reconstituted water containing mineral salts or mineral water MW (Volvic 1 )). The MNT results obtained in MW showed that Cd (2 mg/L) is genotoxic to Xenopus, whereas it was not genotoxic to Pleurodeles at all concentrations tested. The CA established that the genotoxicity of Cd to Xenopus and Pleurodeles larvae depends on the concentration, the exposure times, and the comet parameters (Tail DNA, ETM, OTM, and TL). The CA and MNT results were compared for their ability to detect genotoxic effects, considering the concentrations of Cd applied and the exposure time. The CA showed Cd to be genotoxic from the first day of exposure. In amphibians, the CA appears to be a sensitive and suitable method for detecting genotoxicity such as that caused by Cd. # 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 22: 422-435, 2007.
Aquatic Toxicology, 2016
The aim of this study was to verify if the freshwater safety values established from the European Community (1998) and the Italian Ministry of Health (2001) for cadmium (44.5 nM/L in drinking water and 178 nM/L in sewage waters) were safe for amphibians, since at these same concentrations cadmium induced endocrine disruption in the newt Triturus carnifex. Adult male specimens of T. carnifex were exposed daily to cadmium (44.5 nM/L and 178 nM/L as CdCl 2 , nominal concentrations), respectively, during 3-and 9-months; at the same time, control newts were exposed to tap water only. The accumulation of cadmium in the skin, liver and kidney, the levels of metallothioneins in the skin and the liver, the expression of metallothionein mRNA in the liver, as well as the presence of histological alterations and of apoptosis in the target organs were evaluated. The 9-months exposure induced cadmium accumulation in all the tissues examined; moreover, histological changes were observed in all the tissues examined, irrespective of the dose or the time of exposure. Apoptosis was only detected in the kidney, whereas metallothioneins and metallothionein mRNA did not increase. This study demonstrates that the existing chronic water quality criterion established for cadmium induces in the newt T. carnifex cadmium accumulation and histological alterations in the target organs examined. Together with our previous results, showing that, at these same concentrations, cadmium induced endocrine disruption, the present results suggest that the existing chronic water quality criterion for cadmium appears to be not protective of amphibians.
ASSESSMENT OF CADMIUM TOXICITY ON THE RED BLOOD CELLS OF AQUATIC LIFE
Concentration of aquatic environment with heavy metals has become a matter of great concern because of their toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation. Cadmium is widely distributed in aquatic environments and is an extremely toxic metal commonly found in industrial settings as a key component in the production of batteries, pigments, coatings and electroplating. Fish play an integral role in the aquatic ecosystem food web and any effects that change the population structure of fish may also alter community and food web dynamics. The consumption of fish is recommended because it is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids, which have been associated with health benefits due to its cardio-protective effects. However, the content of heavy metals such as Cadmium discovered in some makes it difficult to establish clearly the role of fish consumption on a healthy diet. The present study is planned to determine the abnormal morphology of RBC in fish Labeo rohita at different concentration of Cadmium.