Turkey in the European Union: Implications for Agriculture, Food and Structural Policy (original) (raw)
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2015
The European Union series provides an authoritative library on the European Union, ranging from general introductory texts to definitive assessments of key institutions and actors, issues, policies and policy processes, and the role of member states.
TURKEY AND THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESS EN
The possibility for enlargement of the European Union through the accession of a country as specific as Turkey has incited numerous academic discussions and debates whose main concern is the change of the Union’s character itself, which would occur if Turkey joins the EU. Another question to be answered is whether Turkey is part of Europe geographically and whether it would be possible to integrate the specific cultural values and beliefs of this country within those of Europe.
Political and Economic Obstacles of Turkey’s EU Accession and Possible Future Scenarios
Thesis to Achieve the Degree of “MBA International Management” at Munich Business School, 2020
ABSTRACT Turkey is not only a geographical centre for the regional cooperation but also an at-tractive economic hub with a massive market and a high young population. For more than 50 years, Turkey has tried to become a member of the European Union. Turkey was formally acknowledged as a full membership candidate in 1999. The accession process has since shifted slowly, reached a full standstill and the process seems to be failing. While there is general consensus among member states that Turkey is a significant strategic partner and should be strongly linked with the EU, there is an arousing scepticism to the prospect of full membership. Turkey is not ready and willing to completely abandon the European prospect, but also wants to enter the EU on its own terms. The absence of human rights, limited freedom of faith and speech, Cyprus conflict, recent weakening of the economy are the most frequently known deficiencies of Turkey. Turkey would significantly boost the EU's heterogeneity and contribute to the Union's decision-making and distribution issues, however will also bring problems to the stability of the Union. What are the main political and economic obstacles of Tur-key’s accession process? What are the near future scenarios? Turkey-EU relations are not a simple matter as there are many actors involved and many dimensions to be taken into account. The purpose of this study is to analyse, identify and find answers to these research questions; by investigating some political and economic reasons behind this failure.
Turkey and European Union: Objectives and Obstacles
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2015
Turkey submitted its application for formal membership into the European Union in April 14, 1987. Until the present time, Turkey is still exerting its efforts to achieve that membership. With the arrival of the Justice and Development Party to power in 2002, the new Turkish leadership's concern with joining the European Union increased. Such membership is considered a strategic objective lying within the external challenges ahead of the Turkish foreign policy. The Turkish Foreign Minister, Ahmad Dawood Oglu, considers joining the European Union a strategic priority that cannot be renounced. However, the obstacles that stand against achieving such a Turkish dream are many. Some of such obstacles relate to the Turkish cultural identity, some others concern human and minority rights and yet others pertain to economy which presents a real fear for the European Union. However, the Muslim Turkish cultural identity which is of a large population is the genuine obstacle for Turkey to join the Union. There are strong reservations for some countries in the Union about Turkey's membership as the latter would not harmonize with the identity of the Union and the culture of the peoples constituting it.
Turkey and the Eu: The Economics of Accession
2000
In the constitution the military is given a special role for safeguarding the republic and its founding principles. It has a decisive voice in matters of internal and external security and foreign policy through the national security council, which is composed of representatives from the military and elected politicians, among them the president and the prime minister. The military also has power in the judicial system. The EU insists that the military be placed under full political control and that it should not be granted any power in the judicial system. 2 Although Turks have populated Anatolia for nearly a millennium, the ethnic and cultural mix today represents a synthesis of diverse heritages, which have been juxtaposed and fused throughout history. A relatively large percentage of population in Turkey derive from one or another of the refugee groups that came during the 19th and 20th centuries from the Caucasus, the Crimea, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Greece and Albania, feeling that they belonged to Turkish culture. Today 98 percent of the population is Muslim, unified not only by religion, but also by the Turkish language. 3 Recently, the Turkish parliament, under pressure from the EU, has voted to change the language clause in the constitution that did not allow the use of other languages than Turkish in public institutions and mass media. Currently, the political parties are discussing elimination of the death penalty and also various ways of changing laws so that the use of Kurdish can be allowed in public institutions and the mass media. 9 Here we should emphasize that the bond market in Turkey started to operate in 1987, the Foreign Exchange and Banknotes Market was established by the Central Bank in 1988, and foreign exchange operations and international capital movements were liberalized entirely in 1989 10 Note from Figure 1 the close relation between the real exchange rate appreciation and the occurrence of balance of payments crises in 1978-1979, 1994 and 2001. 11 The cost of the banking crisis is estimated around $40 billion.
Milestones In Turkey’s Long Way To European Union Membership
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2013
The membership process of Turkey has been carried out since 1959 when Turkey first applied to join what was then called the European Economic Community. This process had profound influence on Turkey in many fields such as economy, social life, international policy, education etc. The first agreement signed between Turkey and European Union was "Ankara Agreement" which took place in 12 September 1963. This agreement envisaged establishment of customs union, which was aimed at integration of Turkey and European Economic Community in three main phases. Following this agreement additional protocols were signed. The year 1987 was another turning point for the process that Turkey applied for full membership on this date. In Helsinki Summit, which took place in 1999, Turkey was accepted as a candidate country. Five years later, in 2004 Turkey realized an important step on the way to becoming a full member. In 2004 European Union Member States decided that negotiations with Turkey could be initiated. The negotiations are still carried out. All of the agreements and protocols in the process required Turkey perform new policies which affect the society in many fields.In this study, milestones in Turkey's long way for European Union Membership will be examined chronologically.