A survey of commercial laundry detergents ? how effective are they? Part I: powders (original) (raw)
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Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics, 1995
The effectiveness of 42 detergents, I I non-phosphate containing powdered detergents, 12 phosphate containing powdered detergents, I1 unbuilt liquid detergents and eight built liquid detergents, of varying formulations, in cleaning a standard soiled fabric in water of varying hardness was evaluated. Powdered detergents were found to be significantly affected only at very high water hardness levels. There was no signi$cant difSerence between washing in warm and hot water for the liquid detergents, except for a melaleucaoil based detergent which pegormed significantly better in hot water. Increasing water hardness had no significant effect on liquid detergents. Powdered detergents pegormed better than liquid detergents in cleaning the standard soiled fabric. While no one detergent was significantly better than the others, in general, washing with detergents that contained phosphates did give somewhat better results in warm water. Detergents that contained bleach as an additive did not result in whiter fabric.
Three Types of Laundry Detergents: Performance in Soft and Hard Water
Home Economics Research Journal, 1989
The performance of phosphate-built, carbonate-built, and unbuilt liquid laundry detergents was evaluated with standard controlled tests to determine soil removal, soil deposition, and carbonate deposition in soft and hard water using home laundry appliances. Light reflectance data were analyzed using analysis of variance procedures. All three types of detergents performed better in soft water than in hard. The unbuilt liquids and phosphate-built powders were more effective in soil removal and whiteness retention than the carbonate-built products, and differences in results were magnified as the number of washings was increased. At present, unbuilt liquids are a practical and effective alternative to phosphate-built laundry detergents.
Performance of three types of laundry detergents in soft and hard water
1987
This study was designed to evaluate the performance of current formulations of three types of laundry detergents in soft (60 ppm) and hard (172 ppm) water using home laundry equipment. Standard loads were washed with two brands from each of three types of detergents (phosphate-built and carbonate-built granular, and unbuilt liquid) to measure soil removal, soil deposition, and carbonate deposition. For the 5 replications of the soil removal test, swatches of soiled test cloth in 100% cotton, 50% cotton/50% polyester with no finish, and 50% cotton/50% polyester with permanent press finish were used. Untreated swatches of the same fabrics were used for the 10 replications of the soil deposition test and soil was introduced via a solution of Bandy black research clay and hot water. Swatches of the test cloth were attached to items in the test load. Carbonate deposition was observed after 5, 10, and 15 washings of a load composed of nine dark blue items (three 100% cotton terry washclot...
The effects of water hardness level on washing quality using commercial laundry detergents
Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics, 1991
The water hardnesses were determined for 10 samples of water. A wide variation of water hardnesses were found ranging from very soft to very hard. The effectiveness of sir commercial laundry detergents of different formulations were evaluated. The detergent containing a non-ionic surjactant with a phosphate builder was found to give the best whiteness results, regardless of water hardness. Because of the possible environmental problems associated with the use of phosphates, consumers m a y wish to select the next most effective detergent formulation, which varied between water samples.
Laundry detergents: An Overview
J. of Oleo Sci, 2007
Nowadays laundry detergents are becoming increasingly popular as they can be metered automatically into the washing machine, impart softness, antistaticness, resiliency to fabrics, mild to eyes and skins and shows good dispersibility in water. Because it is consumed when it is used, the sale of laundry detergent is a rather large business. There are many different kinds or brands of laundry detergent sold, many of them claiming some special qualities as selling points. A Laundry detergent composition is a formulated mixture of raw materials that can be classified into different types based on their properties and function in the final product. The different classes of raw materials are surfactants, builders, bleaching agents, enzymes, and minors which remove dirt, stain, and soil from surfaces or textiles gave them pleasant feel and odour. The physico-chemical properties of surfactants make them suitable for laundry purposes. Laundry detergent has traditionally been a powdered or granular solid, but the use of liquid laundry detergents has gradually increased over the years, and these days use of liquid detergent equals or even exceeds use of solid detergent. This review paper describes the history, composition, types, mechanism, consumption, environmental effects and consumption of laundry detergents.
The cleaning effect of soap nuts, laundry balls, washing pellets and laundry magnets has been tested and compared with washing with conventional compact powder detergent for coloured textiles, and washing with water only. The cleaning effect was evaluated by measuring the tristimulus Y reflection values of pre-soiled fabric strips after they were washed according to standard EN 60456 at 40°C. The results showed that the cleaning effect of the four alternative laundry products was equal to that of water alone. Conventional compact detergent showed significantly better cleaning effect at all tested soil types. However, the results also indicate that water alone already has a substantial cleaning effect. http://www.teknoscienze.com/Articles/HPC-Today-Cleaning-effect-of-alternative-laundry-productsA-comparison-of-soap.aspx
Journal of Consumer Studies & Home Economics, 1984
A detailed comparison of the washing performance of four detergent products is discussed. The results of experiments using stained tea and terry towels and fabrics having standard stains, clearly indicate that the performance o f liquid home laundering formulations commercially available in the U.K. and France does,not compare favourably with the results obtained from perborate-containing powder products.
2004
Four different types of surfactant, name ly alkyl benzene sulphonate (A), sodium lauryl sulphate (B), glycerol monostearate (C) and di steary l dimethyl ammonium chloride (D), have been used in single and multiple washing of a soiled white/dyed cotton fabric to determine the ir critical micelle concentratio n (CMC) values and to assess the ir washi ng perfo rmance in terms of changes in some o f the physica l properties of fabrics, per cent soil removal from soiled white fabri c and max imum retention of colo ur depth of dyed fab ric . The washing performance of each surfac tant at lower concentrati on level by multi ple wash cycles has also been studied. Wash fas tness rating by grey scale and washing performance in terms of retention of colour depth of reac ti ve dye dyed cotton fabric have been assessed and compared by measuring the corresponding K/S values and colour d iffe rence values after washing with these surfac tants by ISO-II and ISO-III methods. It is observed that the ...
Detergents are used for removal of dirt from cloths. Detergency is a complex process involving the removal of foreign matter from the surfaces. The process includes many of the actions; initial wetting of the dirt and the surface to be cleaned, deflocculation and suspension, emulsification or solubilization of the dirt particles and foaming for washing away of the dirt particles. Since the detergent must possess a combination of these properties, detergent should contain the required essential constituents like surfactants.