Tree seedling growth promotion by dual inoculation with Rhizoglomus fasciculatum (Thaxt.) Sieverding, Silva & Oehl and Mortierella sp., rhizosphere fungi for reforestation purposes, to promote plant P uptake and growth at the nursery state (original) (raw)
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African Journal of Plant Science, 2018
The inoculation study was conducted in the greenhouse to investigate the effect of phosphorus (P) concentrations on growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization of multipurpose tree legumes Erythrina brucei and Millettia ferruginea. Plant growth parameters (shoot length, dry weight) and P uptake increased significantly after inoculations with AM fungi, Rhizophagus clarus, Rhizophagus intraradices and the mixed species. Results on effect of P application on total Mycorrhizal Dependency(MD) of studied tree species showed that maximum MD values were recorded for R. clarus (34.87%) in M. ferruginea and (26.19%) in E. brucei respectively. For the mixed species was recorded, the next highest MD values 26% in M. ferruginea and 16.67% in E. brucei. The least MD values were recorded for treatments with Rh. intraradices in both trees under study. The optimum P concentrations for maximum benefits from the AM symbiosis in aforementioned tree species varied from 0.005 to 0.02 mg g-1 and corresponding peaks of arbuscules, vesicles, percent root colonization, and spore count per 50 cm 3 sand were noticed at similar concentrations. Thus, the results showed that the recorded plant growth peaks were due to AM colonization of the tree seedlings. Therefore, inoculating plants with a suitable AM inoculant could result in a benefit comparable to high P input and lead to a significant saving of inorganic P fertilizer.
Inoculation of Glomus macrocarpum (AMF) with additional, super phosphate and rock phosphate treatment showed varied results on Solanum nigrum and Solanum indica. At 30 days interval experimental plants have not exhibited any better growth or nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal plants nor non-mycorrhization plants. However, both the plants significantly showed higher growth, biomass production nutrients uptake in both shoot and root of mycorrhizal plants over non-mycorrhizal plants. When the plants of Solanum nigrum treated with 3.0mg rock phosphate/kg soil, with mycorrhizal inoculation, and Solanum indica showed plants treated with 1. 0mg super phosphate /kg soil with mycorrhizal inoculation, on contrast to this per cent of AM fungal colonization and spore number decreased with the increased dosage of Super phosphate.
Supplementation of P with rhizobial inoculants to improve growth of Peanut plants
Abstract Biological nitrogen fixation represents the major source of N input in agricultural soils and rhizobia chemically convert the nitrogen from the air to make it available for the plant.The N fixation process is influenced by many factors and P is one of them. Due to the important role played by P in the physiological processes of plants, application of P to soil deficient in this nutrient leads to increase plant growth and yield. This research was carried out to investigate the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers on some physiological characters of peanut plants. Five different rhizobial inoculants (approximately 1.9 x 108 cfu) alone and in combination with DAP (as phosphate fertilizer @ 60kg/ha) were used as treatments. After 30 days of germination all the treatments showed significant effects on physical parameters of peanut plants, more significant results observed when plants treated with rhizobial inoculations with combination of DAP. Due to the imperative role played by P in the physiological processes of plants, application of P with rhizobial inoculants are beneficial for leguminous plants growth. Keywords: Integrated nutrient management, Microbial inoculants, Phosphate fertilizers, Leguminous plants,
Annals of Forest Science, 2004
The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on field performance of Pinus pinea and P. halepensis seedlings, established in formerly arable land, was evaluated for up to 43 months after outplanting. Containerized seedlings of both tree species were produced in two different substrates, peat:bark and peat:vermiculite, and inoculated with spores of either Rhizopogon luteolus or R. roseolus. One month prior to outplanting, more than 50% of P. pinea short roots were colonized by either inoculated fungi, whereas a maximum of 32% of P. halepensis short roots were colonized by R. roseolus. Seedlings inoculated with R. roseolus were generally taller than non-inoculated ones at transplantation. However, significant differences disappeared or remained small in absolute values during the monitoring period (less than 7 cm in the best case, 34 months after outplanting). Inoculation with R. roseolus increased in 20% the survival of P. pinea seedlings over noninoculated ones after 43 months in the field. Under the experimental conditions tested, these differences in survival were large enough to justify inoculation costs since spore inoculation with Rhizopogon species in the nursery is easy and inexpensive. Transplant Stress Indices allowed to detect overall post-transplantation stress and further recovery periods although no clear relationship between inoculation and planting check was detected.
Field Crops Research, 2012
The potential effect of indigenous and selected mycorrhizal fungal inoculation and phosphorus (P) treatment on plant growth, yield, root infection and inoculation effectiveness (IE) were tested with and without methyl bromide (MBr) for three successive years under field conditions. In 1997-1999, twelve plant species were used as host plants in a Menzilat soil series (Typic Xerofluvents) in the Mediterranean coastal region of Turkey. Compared to non-inoculated control plants, mycorrhizal inoculation increased yield in some years, but not in others. The mycorrhizal inoculum increased the root colonization of garlic, horsebean, soybean, chickpea, melon, watermelon, cucumber, maize, cotton, pepper, eggplant and tomato plants compared with the non-inoculated treatments. Compared to fumigation, plant roots grown in non-fumigated soil and successfully infected by indigenous mycorrhiza, resulted with better plant growth. Plant species belonging to the Solanaceae, Leguminosae, and Cucurbitaceae showed high responses to the mycorrhizal inoculation effectiveness under both fumigated and non-fumigated soil conditions. In general, IE was higher under low P supply than under high P supply. The effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant P and Zn concentrations were determined: mycorrhiza-inoculated plants had a higher nutrient content than non-inoculated plants, and this was most pronounced under fumigated soil conditions. After 3 years of field experiments, it has been concluded that for (seeded) field crops, soil and plant management systems make a great contribution to indigenous mycorrhiza to improve plant development. Whereas for horticultural plants, on the other hand, (plants transplanted into the field as seedlings), mycorrhizal inoculation makes it easy to use for large agricultural areas compared with the non-inoculated plants. It can be suggested to the farmers that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculated seedlings can be used under field conditions for high yield and quality.
2000
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), phosphorus addition and their interaction, on the growth and phosphorus uptake of three facultative mycotrophic legume trees (Anadenanthera peregrina, Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Plathymenia reticulata) were investigated. The experimental design was factorial, with five treatments of inoculation (acontrol; b-Acaulospora spp.; c-Gigaspora margarita; d-Glomus sp. 1; e-Scutellospora heterogama) × three levels of soil P (32.5, 50 and 136 mgdm-3), each with three replicates. Plants were grown in pots for 5 months. Plant weight and shoot phosphorus concentration were measured at harvest. Phosphorus fertilization improved growth of all species. Phosphorus increased to enhance the positive effects of AMF on the three studied species. Tissue nutrient concentrations showed slight variation among species and were influenced by both AMF inoculation and Phosphorus. Plants inoculated, with higher doses of KH 2 PO 4 showed more vigorous seedlings. Results suggest that in low fertility soils A. peregrina, E. contortisiliquum and P. reticulata seedlings should be inoculated with AMF to enhance plant growth.
Response of Selected Perennial Crops and Trees to AMF Inoculation and NPK Application in Pot Culture
A 12-week greenhouse experiment was undertaken to test the effect of inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with and without application of NPK on two perennial crops; Enset ventricosum and Catha edulis and four most common shade trees; Crodia africana, Milletttia ferruginea, Croton macrostachyus and Erythrina brucei growing in Sidama agroforestry practices. These multipurpose trees and crops support the low input agricultural production system in Sidama agroforestry. To investigate the effect of symbiosis, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) inocula were prepared using a trapping Sorghum bicolor as the host. The result showed that inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly improved the growth performance of the trees and perennial crops. Shoot height of the inoculated plants with R. clarus was within the range of 7.8 cm (the lowest) in C. edulis to 85 cm in M. ferruginea innoculated with mixed species and application of 50-50-50 NPK. Shoot biomass increased by 1.5% (the least) in C. africana when inoculated with mixed species to 1000% in C. edulis inoculated with Rhizophugus clarus and application of 50-50-50 NPK, while root biomass increased from 4% (the least) in M. ferruginea with mixed species plus 25-25-25 NPK to 500% in C. edulis inoculated with R. clarus plus 50-50-50 NPK application. In general, better growth response was recorded from inoculation with R. clarus followed by the inoculation with mixed AMF species which attributed to improvement in nutrient uptake, especially phosphorous, nitrogen and potassium. Rhizophugus intraradices was vigorous with percentage colonization and spore production in all inoculation treatments. In addition, inoculation increased stem diameter, root to shoot ratio, root number and length, percentage root colonization and spore density. Besides, inoculation demonstrated highest to moderate equivalence with fertilizer application implying the potential of using AMF within the context of Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) for growth and establishment of trees and perennial crops used in agroforestry system.
Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2019
The cultivation of horticultural crops, such as green peppers, tomatoes, eggplants and bell peppers is very common in semi-arid Mediterranean climate conditions. Two field experiments were performed to determine the effect of mycorrhizal species, plant species and phosphorus levels on mycorrhizal effectiveness and phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) nutrient uptake. In the first experiment, under field conditions, four plants species were inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) species. In the second field experiment, under the same soil conditions, the same plant species were treated with three levels of phosphorus (P), i.e., control; 50 kg and 100 kg P 2 O 5 ha À1. The most effective mycorrhiza species Claroideoglomus etunicatum selected in the first experiment was used in the second field first experiment. In the first experiment, fruit yield enhancement, yield increase, inoculation effectiveness and nutrient concentration in the plant leaves were analyzed. Under field conditions, plant species growth is strongly dependent on the species of AM fungi. Tomato and green pepper plants were inoculated with Cl. etunicatum, eggplants were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae and bell peppers were inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus, which are high fruit-yielding plant species. In general, Fu. mosseae and Cl. etunicatum increased the yield of the tomatoes, green peppers and eggplants. It seems mycorrhiza species specific to plant species. In the second experiment, mycorrhizal inoculation with P fertilizer application, in particular a moderate amount of P (50 kg ha À1 P 2 O 5) fertilizer increased the green pepper, bell pepper and tomato fruit yield compared with noninoculated plants and non-P fertilizer application treatments. Increasing the application of P level reduced the mycorrhizal inoculation effectiveness (MIE). The results indicate that for all four solanaceae family plants 50 kg ha À1 P 2 O 5 is a P level threshold for mycorrhizal development, which enhanced plant growth and addition of fertilizer over 50 kg ha À1 P 2 O 5 reduced MIE. P and Zn uptake were significantly increased with mycorrhizal inoculation. These findings are supported by our hypothesis that mycorrhiza inoculation can reduce mycorrhizal dependent horticultural plants P fertilizer requirement.
An experiment was conducted in pots containing field soil low in available P (7.8 mg P/kg soil) to evaluate the response of wheat (Triticunl aestivunz L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) genotypes to inoculation with arbuscular-mycorrhiza (AM) and its effect on phosphorus-utilization efficiency (PUE). The genotypes were inoculated with or without arbuscular-nlycorrhiza fungi (Gio1nus macrocarpUln Tul & Tul) in the absence ofP application to soil. Significant increase was observed in per cent root colonization (up to 50%), shoot (18-88%), root (25-960/0) and whole plant dry matter (29-91°1'0) under +AM inoculation, whereas the shootroot ratio was high under -AM. Phosphorus uptake in shoot was significantly higher due to +AM treatment in 'DL 1010-5' (39%) and 'DL 2044-1' (60%). Similarly, genotypes also showed a wide range of response to +AM under P stress. Genotype 'DLIOIO-5' recorded highest (191 %) degree of dependency on mycorrhiza and also produced nlaximunl number oftillers (5.67), shoot biornass (4.68 glplant), total plant dry matter (6.52 g/plant) and had high amount ofP uptake (10.17 mg/plant). The genotypes exhibiting a positive response to +AM such as more number oftillers, increased dry matter, higher root colonization, increased uptake ofnutrients and higher efficiency ofP utilization under P stress would provide the breeders with gene pool to develop genotypes with efficient Puptake and utilization abilities.
The effect of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria Bacillus polymyxa and AM-mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus fasciculatus with and without rock phosphate treatments on growth of Terminalia paniculata and T. tomentosa were studied in nursery. The results showed that the combined inoculation of both PSB, AM fungi and rock phosphate produced vigorous plant growth of tree seedlings for quick planting. The experiments clearly demonstrated that the combined inoculation of PSB and AM fungi brought marked increase in plant growth, dry matter, and P uptake when, compared to individual inoculants or non-inoculated plants. The increase in growth was attributed to the increase in P uptake in shoots of the seedlings. The results indicated that both organisms have synergistic effect with additional 250 mg RP/kg rock phosphate treatment for T.paniculata Roth. and 150 mgRP/kg for T.tomentosa W.& A. in green house conditions.