Evaluation of the Phytotoxic and Genotoxic Potential of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent UsingVigna radiataandAllium cepa (original) (raw)
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2020
The compounds of pulp paper mill effluent discharged after secondary treatment is a major source of environmental toxicity, which is not yet known. The physico-chemical analysis of discharged effluent showed various pollution parameters (pH, TDS, TSS, BOD, COD) beyond permissible limit. Furthermore, the BOD, COD ratio of discharged effluent <0.2 this indicated not biodegradable properties of effluent. Therefore, persistent longer in environment and caused toxicity to aquatic resources. The analysis of effluent showed the presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals along with genotoxicity compound i.e. hexadecanoic acid and octadecenoic acid. Majority of these pollutants are androgenic and mutagenic in nature derived from plant steroid, fatty and resin acids of the plant during pulping processes which were not degraded by bacterial communities during biological treatment of effluent. Presences of recalcitrant pollutants along with a mixture of heavy metals i.e. Fe (81), Zn (31), Cu...
Chemosphere, 2017
A lignin peroxidases-producing Serratia liquefaciens was used for bioremediation of pulp and paper (P&P) mill effluent. The treatment led to reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour, lignin and phenolic content by 84%, 72%, 61% and 95%, respectively. The effluent detoxification was studied by genotoxicity assays using Allium cepa L. (onion) root tip cells. Genotoxicity studies included measuring mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CA) and nuclear abnormalities (NA) in root tip cells following treatment with 25, 50, 75 and 100% (v/v) of effluent. The root tip cells grown in untreated effluent showed a significant decrease in MI from 69% (control) to 32%, 27%, 22% and 11% at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% effluent concentration, respectively. This indicated that the untreated effluent was highly cytotoxic in nature. Further, root tip cells, when treated with different concentrations of effluent showed various CA and NA including c-mitosis, stickiness, chromosome loss, chromo...
Cytotoxic effect of sewage effluent on root tip cells of Allium cepa L.
Screening for mutagens in complex environmental mixtures, such as surface water or industrial wastewater, is gradually being accepted as a routine method in environmental monitoring programs. In the present work, the simplified Allium cepa root assay was utilized to evaluate the possible cytotoxic effect of sewage effluent on root tip cells of A. cepa L. Sewage effluents were collected from Kunnamkulam market. Treatements were done in five different time durations such as 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. Allium cepa exposed to sewage effluents resulted to cells with chromosomal aberration. The Mitotic index was decreased when the time durations were increased. The mitotic index of the control was 49.65±3.35. The mitotic index of the sewage effluent in 3 hr was 42.28±3.37. From this a gradual decrease in the mitotic index when the duration of time increased. The mitotic index 42. 15±3.17, 32.27±3.04, 31.65±3.19 and 28.19±2.87 are 6 h, 12 hr, 24 h and 48 h respectively chromosomal abnormalities such as bridges, fragments, vagrant chromosomes, sticky chromosomes, C-mitosis, spindle abnormalities and disoriented chromosomes were observed. The impacts of using sewage effluent as fertilizer on the environment are difficult to predict. So they may be treated to remove its toxic particles prior to its release into the environment. Toxicity or genotoxicity bioassays should be an integral tool in the evaluation of waste water toxicity.
Genotoxicity of vegetables irrigated by industrial wastewater
Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2006
Wastcwater eMuents from textile dyeing and printing industries of Sanganer are discharged directly, without any treatment, into Amani Shah Nallah drainage. The drainage water takes the dissolved toxicants to flora and fauna, including crops and seasonal vegetables, being grown in the land adjoining the Nallah drainage. Thus mutagenic potential of vegetables irrigated by the water of Amani Shah Nallah drainage was investigated in the present study. The vegetables irrigated by ground water from Sanganer have also been analyzed to determine possible adverse effects of these wastewater effluents on aqua duct.
Genotoxic Endpoints in Allium cepa and Clarias Gariepinus Exposed to Textile Effluent
International Journal of Environmental Protection, 2011
The genotoxic effects of textile effluent were investigated in Clarias gariepinus and Allium cepa using the micronucleus assay and induction of chromosomal aberration in respectively. The aim of the study is to provide genotoxic endpoints that can serve as biomarkers of exposure to textile effluents in the environment. The physico-chemical characterization of the effluent revealed high levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) above the standards set by regulatory body. Exposure of Clarias gariepinus to sub-lethal concentrations of effluent resulted in a dose-dependent and significant (P<0.05) increase in the formation of micronuclei and nuclear anomalies in blood erythrocytes. The textile effluent also caused a significant (P<0.5) reduction in mean root length and increased chromosomal aberrations such as vagrant, sticky chromosomes, binucleus and c-tumors in exposed Allium cepa compared to control. The results obtained from this study indicate the textile effluent being discharged into the Lagos lagoon have genotoxic potential and is capable of causing significant ecological disruption in the receiving environment.
Genotoxic effects of industrial wastewater on Allium cepa L
The aim of this research is to study the effects of different concentrations of water on both incoming and outgoing in central biological and chemical wastewater treatment plant in Manisa (Turkey) organized industrial zone (MOIZ) on the Allium cepa L. root meristems, having been rooted in distilled water for 48 h. The union bulbs were kept in the 100% concentrations of the refined water (RW) and of 10, 25, 50 and 100% concentrations of unrefined water (UW). Distilled water was used for the control samples. It was determined that wastewater reduced the rate of the mitotic division of different concentrations and increased the mitotic anomalies. Mitotic index was found to be 33.8, 31.2, 23.6 and 16.7% in the control group, RW, 10% concentration of the UW, and 25% concentration of the UW, respectively. On the other hand, the rates of Mitosis / (Anaphase + Telophase) were 0.23, 0.28, 0.42, 0.71 in the control group, RW, % concentration of the UW, and 25% concentration of the UW, respect...
Evaluation of industrial effl uent and domestic sewage genotoxicity using Allium cepa bioassay
Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications
Living organisms including both plants and animals being exposed to polluted water bodies can be impacted. In current investigation the genotoxic effect of industrial effl uent and domestic sewage of Barak valley region, Assam, India was investigated using both morphological and root chromosome assay on Allium cepa. The mean root lengths of onions exposed to different concentrations of the effl uent and sewage (10%, 25% and 50%) were measured for 3 consecutive days for 24, 48 and 72 hrs and the results were compared. The mean root length was statistically evaluated by the analysis of variance. There was both signifi cant increase and decrease in root length among the exposed onion bulbs. Total aberrations increased signifi cantly as concentration increased (p<0.05). Both effl uent and sewage samples were recorded to cause harmful damages in the exposed onion test samples. These results demonstrated that the Allium test is a useful screening test for the evaluation of toxicity caused by sewage and effl uent samples not only at the morphological level but also at the cytogenetic level; and hence pollution in waster bodies in a major cause of concern. Thus, sincere measures should be undertaken regarding the direct disposable of industrial effl uents and domestic sewage and protection of water bodies including its fl ora and fauna.
Assessment of the genotoxicity of wastewater samples on Vicia faba L.
Genotoxicity impact of wastewater samples from sewage and mixed with industrial effluent from Kafer El-Sheikh, Egypt, on cultivated crops was assessed using the Vicia faba root-tip cytogenetic bioassay. The results showed that the irrigation with wastewater decreased the mitotic index (MI), caused significant increases of micronucleus (MCN) frequencies and anaphase aberration (AA) as stickness,, lagging, and bridges. The results also showed that continuous irrigation by wastewater several times may pose a potential genotoxic risk to cultivated plants. The results of the present study suggest that the V. faba cytogenetic bioassay is efficient, simple in genotoxicity studies of wastewater, and that there is a correlation between the genotoxicity and the irrigation with wastewater. Magdy Z. Mattar, Reda H. Sammour, Soliman A. Haroun and May Labeeb L. Seada Assessment of the genotoxicity of wastewater samples on Vicia faba L. Life Sci J 2014;11(9):991-998]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 146
Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 2020
Cyto-genotoxicity of hospital effluents collected from sewage treatment plant of SKIMS, was investigated using USEPA recommended Allium cepa test. Heterogeneous samples of both untreated and treated effluents were collected from the STP twice a day for three months and designated as complex mixture. Before measuring the root length of the onion bulbs, A. cepa plants were exposed to 25%, 50% and 100% concentrations for both untreated and treated effluent samples in the dark for 72hrs. Significant results were observed in the root length evaluation and chromosomal aberration evaluation tests. Untreated effluent seems to be the most toxic on the root length of the A.cepa than treated samples. The lowest mean root length of onion bulbs was observed in untreated samples at 100% concentration which is found to be 0.61±0.28, 0.95±0.21 and 1.16± 0.43 cm for first, second and third day respectively. Untreated sample from STP of SKIMS at 100% concentration gave the lowest mitotic index (MI) value of 4.56±1.44 while as 50% and 25% concentration shows MI values of 16.32±2.09 and 27.08±6.07 respectively. Likewise, treated samples show mitotic index (MI) values of 18.2±4.65, 3.96±5.54 and 2.01±2.91 at 25%, 50% and 100%. The squash preparations from root tip cells of treated A. cepa bulbs revealed different types of chromosomal aberrations such as metaphase stickiness, chromosomal breaks, c-mitosis, anaphase bridges and anaphase stickiness, indicating environmental toxicity risk. The treated effluent samples were found to be less genotoxic and cytotoxic, thus inferring that genotoxicity is reduced after the treatment process and A. cepa test has proved to be an effective tool in monitoring hospital effluents before beingdischarged into the environment.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2017
Vinasse, produced by several countries as a by-product of agricultural activity, has different alternatives for its reuse, mainly fertirrigation. Several monocultures, such as sugar cane and orange crops, produce this effluent. Sugar cane vinasse is already widely used in fertirrigation and orange vinasse has potential for this intention. However, its use as a fertilizer has caused great concern. Thus, ecotoxicological evaluation is extremely important in order to assess the possible effects on the environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential toxicity of vinasse of two different crops: sugar cane and orange. For this purpose, bioassays with Allium cepa as a test organism were performed with two vinasse dilutions (2.5% and 5%) to detect chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus induction. The results showed that both types of vinasse are able to induce chromosomal aberrations in meristematic cells, mainly nuclear and anaphasic bridges, suggesting genotox...