Pavlov D.A., Osinov A.G. 2004. Main features of early ontogeny in salmonids (Salmoniformes) and other representatives of the Protacanthopterygii in relation to the phylogeny (original) (raw)
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Genetic history of salmonid fishes of the genus Oncorhynchus
Russian Journal of Genetics, 2015
This review discusses genetic approaches to solving important problems of evolutionary biology of salmonid fishes with special reference to Pacific salmon and trout. The problems of the genetic phylogeny of salmonid fishes, including issues of the consistency/inconsistency of phylogenetic tree topologies built using genetic and phenotypic characteristics, the timing of the main phylogenetic events, the relationships among different taxa, including the mutual status of Pacific salmon and trout, and others are discussed. The problems of the tetraploidization of the salmonid fishes, as well as the dilemma of their freshwater/marine origin, and the semelparity of some of the species are reviewed.
Copeia, 2004
The phylogenetic relationships of extant species of Esox were investigated using both morphological and molecular data. The complete mtDNA cytochrome b gene (cytb) and the second intron of the RAG1 gene were sequenced from multiple specimens of each species and analyzed using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. The resulting cladograms were compared with each other and to the morphological cladogram for congruence. Data from all three sources strongly support the monophyly of the genus, and the monophyly of the subgenera Esox (i.e., pikes) and Kenoza (i.e., pickerels). Our data support the sister-group relationship between Esox reicherti and Esox lucius (the Amur and Northern Pike, respectively). Incongruent results between the morphological and RAG1 data and the cytb data, with respect to pickerel interrelationships, suggest hybridization and introgression among pickerel species. Additional research is necessary to explore these results further. This study represents the first study to integrate both morphological and molecular data into a phylogenetic analysis of Esox. It aims to provide a better understanding of esocid evolution and lay the foundation for the interpretation of fossil material assigned to Esox. It also provides preliminary genetic evidence of hybridization among the pickerels.
Salmoniform fishes: key fossils, supertree, and possible morphological synapomorphies
2010
The salmoniforms and their relatives are of great interest to ichthyologists but their relationships remain controversial. Salmoniforms and osmeriforms also have an interesting but not very ancient fossil record. We summarize the results of decades of phylogenetic research by coding trees from 34 studies published since 1982 and constructing a supertree of 59 terminal taxa. The tree is used as a starting point for a discussion of selected osteological and myological synapomorphies for certain clades (e. g., Salmonidae + Esocoidei; Osmeriformes + Neoteleostei), and other morphological evidence that contradicts certain other relationships (supposed paraphyly of Umbridae and Galaxioidei). The new taxon Zoroteleostei is named to combine the Osmeriformes (galaxioids, osmeroids, and argentinoids) together with the Neoteleostei, as indicated by some molecular studies and by their possession of an open sensory canal bordered by a bony fl ange on the preopercular bone. Areas of research that appear to have reached a satisfying resolution include relationships within Salmoninae, including confi rmation of Brachymystax and Hucho as 'basal' salmonine taxa, Salvelinus as sister of Parahucho plus Salmo plus Oncorhynchus, Parahucho perryi as a distinct lineage sister to Salmo and Oncorhynchus, endemic eastern Mediterranean salmonids as derivatives of Salmo trutta, and Oncorhynchus mykiss, O. clarkii, and O. masou as relatively primitive members of Oncorhynchus. Within Osmeroidei, the status of Plecoglossidae and Salangidae as successive sister groups of Osmeridae, and of Mallotus and Hypomesus as relatively primitive members of the Osmeridae are suggested. Future research should focus on some of the areas of greatest interest and uncertainty, including the mentioned possible clades in need of further study, the still-unsettled relationships within Coregoninae and among species groups of Salvelinus, and a search for fossil evidence of the early radiation of these interesting and important fi shes.
Copeia, 2007
There is no consensus between morphological and molecular data concerning the relationships within the Pacific basin salmon and trout clade Oncorhynchus. In this paper we add another source of characters to the discussion. Phylogenetic analysis of 39 behavioral and life history traits produced one tree structured (O. clarki (O. mykiss (O. masou (O. kisutch (O. tshawytscha (O. nerka (O. keta, O. gorbuscha))))))). This topology is congruent with the phylogeny based upon Bayesian analysis of all available nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences, with the exception of two nodes: behavior supports the morphological data in breaking the sister-group relationship between O. mykiss and O. clarki, and between O. kisutch and O. tshawytscha. The behavioral traits agreed with molecular rather than morphological data in placing O. keta as the sister-group of O. gorbuscha. The behavioral traits also resolve the molecular-based ambiguity concerning the placement of O. masou, placing it as sister to the rest of the Pacific basin salmon. Behavioral plus morphological data placed Salmo, not Salvelinus, as more closely related to Oncorhynchus, but that placement was only weakly supported and awaits collection of missing data from enigmatic species such as the lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush. Overall, the phenotypic characters helped resolve ambiguities that may have been created by molecular introgression, while the molecular traits helped resolve ambiguities introduced by phenotypic homoplasy. It seems reasonable therefore, that systematists can best respond to the escalating biodiversity crisis by forming research groups to gather behavioral and ecological information while specimens are being collected for morphological and molecular analysis.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2018
Phylogenetic studies focusing on Salmonidae have revealed significant obstacles in trying to clarify some interspecific relationships within the Salmoninae subfamily, due to a limited number of markers typed, conflicting phylogenetic signals and ancient hybridization events. To infer reliable phylogenetic relationships, evaluate several putative scenarios of ancient hybridization, and estimate divergence times within Salmoninae, we applied restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) to 43 samples, including 26 genetic lineages across 21 species, largely representing the subfamily, with an emphasis on the genus Salvelinus. We identified 28,402 loci and 28,363 putatively unlinked SNPs, which were used in downstream analyses. Using an iterative k-means partitioned dataset and a Maximum Likelihood approach; we generated a well-supported phylogeny, providing clear answers to several previous phylogenetic uncertainties. We detected several significant introgression signals, presumably ancient, in the genus Salvelinus. The most recent common ancestor of Salmonidae dates back to approximately 58.9 MY ago (50.8–64 MY) and the crown age of Salmoninae was estimated to be 37.7 MY (35.2–40.8 MY) using a Bayesian molecular dating analysis with a relaxed molecular clock. The divergence among genera of the subfamily occurred between the late Eocene and middle of the Miocene (≈38–11 MY) such as the divergence between the genus Oncorhynchus and Salvelinus, which we estimated to 21.2 MY ago (95% HPD: 19.8–23.0 MY), while species diversification took place mainly during the Neogene (≈22–1.5 MY), with more than half of these events occurring in the last 10 MY.
Evolutionary genetic analysis of Pacific salmon and trout (Oncorhynchus)
1997
This thesis addresses the topic of molecular evolution at the genus, species, and * gene levels. DNA sequence analysis was used to resolve taxonomic and systematic problems in the salmonid genus Oncorhynchus and to examine the evolution of duplicated genes. The evolution of Pacific salmon and trout has been intensively I thank the following agencies for financial support: Fisheries and Oceans
Ontogeny, variation, and homology in Salvelinus alpinus caudal skeleton (Teleostei: Salmonidae).
Journal of morphology, 2010
The ontogeny of the caudal skeleton in the Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus was examined using an extensive series of cleared and stained specimens. We demonstrate the presence of skeletal components never reported previously within the Salmonidae. In contrast to the generalized condition for salmonids, seven hypurals (instead of six), and four uroneurals (instead of three) have been found in some specimens. Variation in the number and condition of epurals is documented. New hypotheses are proposed concerning (1) relationships among centra and their associated elements, (2) phylogenetic distribution of caudal characters within the Salmonidae, and (3) homology of caudal components. Using the published phylogenetic hypotheses, we provide evidence, that a seventh hypural and a fourth uroneural are taxic atavism in salmonids. The development of the salmonid homocercal fin is discussed in the light of a polyural scheme based on evidences of a one-to-one relationship among ural centra and their associated elements.
Preliminary studies on evolutionary of genetic markers in the salmonid species
This study deals with evolutionary genetics of salmonids populations, with the special emphasis on the roles of migration, random genetic drift, mutation, and natural selection affecting the patterns of molecular variation across contemporary and historical time scales. Studies of nuclear DNA and mitochondrial genomic variation supported the hypothesis that salmonid populations differ from the geographical regions, indicating for genetic diversity between populations. This study were used some genes for nuclear DNA genomic and mitochondrial DNA genomic for evaluation of the rate diversity. We suggest that the region of geographically is important to rate of diversity between and within populations. Were used marker genetic techniques such as the microsatellites markers, SNPs, RFLP, and some genes from mitochondrial genomic that engaged on the rate of diversity in populations of salmonids. Between and within population of S. salar and S. trutta were found single mutation by SNPs technique. RFLP analysis by nuclear DNA genomic such as microsatellites and growth hormone gene and also mitochondrial DNA genomic as cytochrome b and 12S rRNA gene and markers also showed the low variation between and within salmonids populations