Sulfur dioxide emissions in Iran and environmental impacts of sulfur recovery plant in Tabriz Oil Refinery (original) (raw)
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Air quality modelling of sulphur dioxide emission from power plants in Kuwait
2005
Power generation plants are considered as one of the main sources for the emission of sulphur dioxide (SO 2) in the state of Kuwait. However, the use of fossil fuels having different sulphur contents for power generation has resulted in a significant variation on the environmental impact of SO 2 emission in Kuwait. The percentage of sulphur in the fuel used in each power station is 4%, 2.5%, 1%, or 0.5%. This paper presents an application of the industrial source complex model for short-term prediction (ISCST3) to quantify the impact of SO 2 released from four power plants in Kuwait. One-year hourly records of meteorological data together with the emission data for the year 2001 were used in order to predict the impact of SO 2 in the study area. Four different scenarios were simulated along with their corresponding real case scenarios to analyse the impact of SO 2 based on the sulphur content in the fuel used by the power plants. All of the predicted concentrations of SO 2 in the study area were compared with ambient air quality standard (KAAQS) for SO 2 in Kuwait. The comparison with the real case scenarios show that the predicted maximum hourly average ground level concentration is about 2244.19 µg/m 3 , exceeding the allowable KAAQS (hourly standard is 445 µg/m 3), whereas if the fuel used in all power plants is of 0.5% sulphur content the standard was not exceeded and the maximum hourly predicted concentration was 370.62 µg/m 3. An important conclusion of this work is that there is a need for a fuel usage strategy for the power plants in Kuwait to minimise the impact of SO 2 .
Sulfur compounds such as sulfur oxides (SOx) are generated and emitted from operations in the petroleum industry which have negative effects on the environment. This study gives a critical and detailed introduction to the control and treatment of sulfur compounds specially sulfur oxides (SOx) emissions from the petroleum industry. It begins with the sectors, main sources, and type of operations that generate SOx emissions; maximum effluent level of them from the petroleum industry; minimization, control, prevention and treatment techniques of these emissions from the petroleum industry. Among these techniques, sulfur recovery unit (SRU) which most often consists of a Claus process for bulk sulfur removal and subsequently a tail gas treatment unit (TGTU) for the remaining H2S removal (SCOT process, Beavon sulfur removal (BSR) process, and Wellman-Lord process) and flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) processes (once-through or regenerable) have been discussed in detail; and removal efficiencies and technical and economical aspects have been compared.
Status and prediction of sulfur dioxide as an air pollutant in Tehran, Iran
2018
In the present study, air quality analyses for sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) were conducted in Tehran, Capital of Iran. The measurements were taken in four different locations to prepare average data in the city. The averages concentrations were calculated for every 24 hours, each month and each season. Results showed that the highest concentration of sulfur dioxide occurs generally in the mid-night and beginning of morning while the least concentration was found at the afternoon. Monthly concentrations of the sulfur dioxide showed the highest value in August while the least value in April. The seasonal concentrations showed the least amounts in spring while the highest in summer. Then Relations between the air pollutant and some meteorological parameters were calculated statistically using the daily average data. The wind data (velocity, direction), relative humidity, temperature, sunshine periods, dew point and rainfall were considered as independent variables. The level relationships be...
Engineering, 2016
Oil represents the main energy sources used by mankind. In addition, petroleum products serve as feedstock for several consumer goods, thus playing an important growing role in people's lives. For this reason there are various software applications designed to do the environmental assessment to see their impact on the environment. Among these is SimaPro software package designed to make a valuable contribution. It is a powerful tool for analyzing the environmental impact of products during their whole life cycle. In this study, it was applied to analyze and evaluate the impacts for Al-Daura refinery for the gasoline and kerosene fuel production. This refinery located in Baghdad, Iraq was analyzed. The results of the life cycle assessment (LCA) show that gasoline has a (single score) of the order of 11.1 point for each 1 cubic meter produce from gasoline fuel compared with 4.83 point for each 1 cubic meter produce from kerosene. Global warming, respiratory inorganics and non-renewable energy were the most effective environmental impacts.
Potential for reducing air pollution from oil refineries
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2008
Islamic Republic of Iran has to invest 95 billion US$ for her new oil refineries to the year 2045. At present, the emission factors for CO 2 , NO x and SO 2 are 3.5, 4.2 and 119 times higher than British refineries, respectively. In order to have a sustainable development in Iranian oil refineries, the government has to set emission factors of European Community as her goal. At present CO 2 per Gross Domestic Production (GDP) in the country is about 2.7 kg CO 2 as 1995's US$ value that should be reduced to 1.25 kg CO 2 /GDP in the year 2015. Total capital investment for such reduction is estimated at 346 million US$ which is equal to 23 US$/ton of CO 2 . It is evident that mitigation of funds set by Clean Development Mechanism (3 to 7 US$/tons of CO 2 ) is well below the actual capital investment needs. Present survey shows that energy efficiency promotion potential in all nine Iranian oil refineries is about 165,677 MWh/year through utilization of more efficient pumps and compressors. Better management of boilers in all nine refineries will lead to a saving of 273 million m 3 of natural gas per year.
Environmental Health Engineering and Management
Background: Controlling and validating the environmental performance of organizations, is a major problem that has been stated in the international standard ISO 14031. The aim of this study was to present a model for evaluating the environmental performance of Iran’s gas refineries using the environmental performance evaluation (EPE) method, based on the operational performance index (OPI) and management performance index (MPI). This case study was conducted in the ninth refinery of the South Pars Gas Complex (SPGC), Bushehr province, Iran, during 2019-2020. Methods: The research method comprises two stages. The first stage was distinguishing the standards and markers of the MPI and OPI using the Fluffy Delphi strategy and the second one was focusing on and relegating loads to the measures and pointers using the logical analytical hierarchy process (AHP) prior to confirming the outcomes by applying the TOPSIS. Results: The total normal scores of the total OPIt and OPTt were obtained...
Evaluating the impacts of SO2 emissions from power stations in Kuwait
library.witpress.com
The AERMOD-ISC dispersion model has been used to study the impact SO 2 emitted from power stations in Kuwait. SO 2 emissions from fifteen stacks were studied to evaluate the pollutant dispersion patterns and the risk of nearby populations being negatively affected by such emission. One year's meteorological data was used for simulating the ground level concentrations of SO 2. The level was estimated based on a model simulating the concentration on an hourly, daily and annual basis. The air quality was monitored at four different residential areas over the course of a year. The simulated concentrations were validated by comparing them with the observed values at four locations in residential areas. The results demonstrated that there is a great similarity in the simulated concentrations with observed values. The model performance was also found to be satisfactory. The hourly and daily concentrations of the simulated model exceeded the KW-EPA limits. This indicates that there is a significant influence of SO 2 emission from the power station in ambient air quality.
EVALUTION OF SULFUR DIOXID EMISSION FROM RESIDUAL FUEL OIL BOILERS
In a case study have been done at AL-Doura Refinery in Baghdad, revealed that large amount of sulfur oxides emission from of residual fuel oil boilers. The study, takes into account 36 processes including heavy oils unit, light oils unit, and power units which burned high sulfur content residual fuel oil (3.65% wt). It has been found that the overall SO 2 emissions
2011
Abstract—In present project, attempts have been made to consider oil general issues in addition to oil refinery environmental impact assessment because the oil general issues have direct and close connection oil refinery environmental impact assessment issues. In oil refineries environmental impact assessment, initially the oil general issues shall be considered in order achieves the desirable results.
Alternative and Potential Uses for the Sulfur Byproducts Produced from Oil and Gas Fields
International Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2021
Along with oil and gas operations, huge amounts of sulfur byproducts are produced. For example, in the State of Qatar which has the third largest proven reserves of natural gas, an incredible amount of sulfur is produced as byproduct from its natural gas processing facilities. The amount of produced sulfur surpasses by far the amount that can be utilized currently in the country. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) existing in natural gas extracted from Qatar's North Field is converted to elemental sulfur using the conventional Claus process. Managing byproduct sulfur from natural gas processing is a key aspect of economic development and environmental protection in many countries with oil and gas facilities. Therefore, new markets must be found to utilize sulfur to avoid disposal crises. Sulfur byproduct from natural gas can be utilized for various applications. This paper discusses alternative potential uses for sulfur in addition to the current practices of sulfur utilization. Some of these alternative applications of sulfur byproducts include the potential usage for medicinal uses, road construction, batteries, hydrogen production, structural additives, solar energy, waste treatment, arsenite removal, and production of maize.