Occult HBV infection status among chronic hepatitis C and hemodialysis patients in Northeastern Egypt: regional and national overview (original) (raw)
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The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2015
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) Infections are important and common causes of liver disease in end-stage renal failure (ESRF) in patients on haemodialysis (HD). HBV is less endemic than HCV in Egypt (ranges from 2%-7%). Although, the prevalence of HBV in haemodialysis patients has decreased significantly due to HBV vaccine and screening of blood donors, the immunosuppressive nature of renal disease often leads to chronicity of the HBV infection and an opportunity for nosocomial spread of the infection among dialysis patients. Haemodialysis patients are more risky to develop occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) due to an increased number of blood transfusions, frequent invasive procedures, difficulty in diagnosis of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) and immunosuppression. Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is defined by the presence of HBV DNA in serum or liver tissue in the absence of HBsAg. Objective: to study the prevalence of occult HBV infection in HCV-positive and HCV negative patients on regular hemodialysis from Upper Egypt. Methodology: One Hundred hemodialysis patients with negative HBsAg were included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups: HCV positive and HCV negative, based on the results of anti-HCV by ELISA and HCV-RNA by PCR. HBV-DNA was studied using the real-time PCR method in both groups. Results: HBV DNA was detected in 7 of the 100 patients (7%) and HBcAb was detected in 22 patients (22%). There were no statistically significant differences in the age, sex, duration of hemodialysis, biochemical parameters, HBcAb, or HBV DNA between patients with and without HCV infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of occult HBV infection (OBI) among Egyptian hemodialysis patients is 7 % with no significant difference in the prevalence of OBI between hemodialysis patients with or without HCV infection and we suggest screening of all HD patients for OBI by testing anti-HBc and HBV DNA
Detection of occult HBV Infection in Egyptian patients with chronic HCV infection
Abstract: HBV and HCV infections represent a major global public health problem. They replicate in the same hepatocyte without interference. Nevertheless, HBV DNA level is often low or undetectable. Occult HBV infection (OBI) is defined by the presence of HBV DNA in individuals who test negative for HBsAg. OBI-HCV co-infection may be associated with more severe liver damage, increased risk of HCC, reduced response to interferon treatment and potential risk of HBV. Aim: Detection of OBI in Egyptian patients with chronic HCV infection. Patients and Methods: From July 2011 through October 2012, 325 eligible compensated chronic HCV patients (HBs-Ag negative) enrolled after providing informed consent. They were divided into: GI: 236 patients with –ve HBc-Ab and GII: 89 patients (27.3%) with HBc-Ab +ve. HBV-DNA and Orsein test for liver biopsy were performed for GII. Results: prevalence of HBc-Ab in (HCV-infection/ HBsAg–ve) patients was 27.3%. There was insignificant difference between HBcAb-positive (GII) and HBcAb-negative as regarding mean age, BMI, RBS, CBC, renal, liver and thyroid functions. All cases with HBcAb positive showed no HBV viremia by PCR. However, the detection of OBI, using orcein test, was 13.4% (12/89) i.e. 3.69% (12/325) of total cases. No significant difference between (HCV mono-infection = OBI negative) and (HCV and OBI dual infection) patients as regard liver function, Alfafetoprotein, activity of inflammation, stage of fibrosis, and basic level of HCV-RNA viremia
While prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) who are undergoing dialysis has decreased significantly during the past few decades, it still remains a distinct clinical problem. The immunosuppressive nature of renal disease often leads to chronicity of the HBV infection and an opportunity for nosocomial spread of the infection among dialysis patients. Egypt is among the countries with intermediate endemicity of HBsAg (range, 2%-7%). Large-scale geographic heterogeneity in HBV prevalence has been reported worldwide and HBV prevalence is especially heterogeneous in Egypt. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of occult HBV infection (OBI) in hemodialysis patients with or without chronic hepatitis C (HCV) from Minia and Assuit, Upper Egypt, using HBV DNA assays. Patient and Methods: Sera from 145 hemodialysis patients with negative HbsAg were investigated for HBV DNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Only serum samples with repeatedly detectable HBV DNA were considered positive. Patients were divided into 2 groups: HCV RNA positive and HCV RNA negative, based on the results of a third generation enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) anti-HCV test and HCV RNA PCR. Results: HBV DNA was detected in 6 of the 145 patients (4.1%) and HBcAb was detected in 29/145 patients (20%). There were no statistically significant differences in the age, duration of hemodialysis, biochemical parameters, serological markers of HBV, or HBV DNA between patients with and without HCV infection. Conclusions: Four percent of the hemodialysis patients had OBI. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of OBI between hemodialysis patients with or without HCV co-infection.
Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Haemodialysis Egyptian Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Life Science Journal
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are common nosocomial infections that cause higher rates of mortality and morbidity in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients than in the general population. Occult HBV (OHBV) infection is a clinical form of hepatitis B in which, despite the absence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum, HBV-DNA is present in both serum and hepatocytes Objective: To determine the prevalence of OHBV infection among HD patients with chronic HCV infection and to compare it with that of HCV-infected patients with normal renal function. Patient and Methods: A total of 32 chronic renal failure patients undergoing maintenance HD (Group1) in the dialysis unit of Nephrology Department at Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI) Giza, Egypt and 22 chronic HCV patients with normal renal function (Group 2) who were admitted to Gastroenterology Department at TBRI were included in the present study. Serological markers of HBV in...
Journal of Gastroenterology, 2009
Purpose The presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in liver tissue and/or in serum in the absence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is called occult HBV infection. This pattern was identified in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of this study was to determine the role of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) as a screening test for occult HBV infection in Egyptian chronic HCV patients. Methods One hundred chronic HCV patients negative for HBsAg were included and subdivided into two groups according to anti-HBc-IgG seroreactivity. Group A included 71 patients positive for anti-HBc (53 men and 18 women, mean age ± SD 48.8 ± 9.6 years), and group B included 29 patients negative for anti-HBc (18 men and 11 women, mean age ± SD 46.6 ± 11.7 years). All patients were subjected to full clinical assessment, routine laboratory investigations, abdominal ultrasonography and quantification of HBV-DNA by real-time PCR.
Suez Canal Veterinary Medicine Journal. SCVMJ, 2017
Hemodialysis (HD) patients are at increased risk for both hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections associated with contaminated blood and blood product transfusion and exposure to contaminated HD equipment during treatment. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HBV/HCV co-infection among HD-patients in the most common main three dialysis units in Ismailia governorate, Egypt. Furthermore, to find out the impact of HCV on the HBV infection in those HD-patient. This was done using both serological ELISA and real time PCR molecular techniques. The results showed that HCV infection was the most prevalent one representing about 26%, the HBV infection was less prevalent than HCV 9.3%, and the dual infection was rare representing only 2% of the studied HD-patients in Ismailia governorate. In addition, there was a non-significant difference of both HBV incidence and viral load (copies/mL) between the studied HD-patients with and without HCV infection [P-value=0.36].
Journal of Infection and Public Health, 2016
Background: Occult hepatitis B viral infection is the presence of hepatitis B viral nucleic acids in the serum and/or liver in the absence of hepatitis B surface antigen. Aim: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection among hepatitis C virus-negative hemodialysis patients and to identify their genotypes. Methods: of 144 patients on maintenance hemodialysis, 50 hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus nucleic acid-negative patients were selected according to strict inclusion criteria to avoid the effect of confounding variables. The following investigations were done: serum AST and ALT; HBsAg; HBcAb; HCV-Ab; HCV-RNA; and HBV-DNA. Results: Positive hepatitis B viral nucleic acid was confirmed in 12/144 (8.3%) hemodialysis patients and 12/50 (24%) in our study group (occult infection). Mean hemodialysis periods for negative patients and occult hepatitis B virus patients were 27.3 ± 18.8 and 38.4 ± 8.14 months, respectively, and this
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine International, 2010
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are frequent in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on maintenance hemodialysis. There are limited data about the prevalence of occult HBV infection in patients on long-term hemodialysis. Occult HBV is defined as positive HBV DNA in the blood in the absence of hepatitis B surface antigen in the serum. In this study, we determined the prevalence of occult HBV in hemodialysis patients with or without HCV infection. The study included 116 patients with end-stage renal disease on chronic hemodialysis, of whom 64 patients were HCV RNA positive (Group 1), and 52 were HCV RNA negative (Group 2). We found that four of 64 (6.3%) hemodialysis patients with HCV infection (Group 1) had occult HBV, while only two of 52 (3.8%) hemodialysis patients without HCV (Group 2) had occult HBV. We then examined whether gender-matched hemodialysis patients with positive HBV DNA in the two hemodialysis groups differed in specific parameters, ie, age, degree of liver dysfunction, and presence of coinfection with schistosomiasis, a common parasitic infection of the liver. We found no significant difference between the groups having positive HBV DNA with regard to serum levels of liver enzymes, aspartate transaminase, albumin, and hepatitis B core antigen (P. 0.05). However, we detected significantly higher levels of alanine transaminase, a prolonged duration of hemodialysis, and higher levels of schistosomal antibodies in Group 1 than in Group 2. Interestingly, we found that the presence of schistosomal antibodies, history of past blood transfusion, and longer hemodialysis duration could distinguish patients with occult HBV infection from those with HBV DNA negative infection in hemodialysis patients. In conclusion, the prevalence of occult HBV in chronic hemodialysis patients is low, and does not significantly differ between hemodialysis patients with or without HCV coinfection.
Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de santé de la Méditerranée orientale = al-Majallah al-ṣiḥḥīyah li-sharq al-mutawassiṭ, 2014
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection combined with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been associated with increased risk of hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of occult HBV infection among Egyptian chronic HCV patients, the genotype and occurrence of surface gene mutations of HBV and the impact of co-infection on early response to treatment. The study enrolled 162 chronic HCV patients from Ismailia Fever Hospital, Egypt, who were HBV surface antigen-negative. All patients were given clinical assessment and biochemical, histological and virological examinations. HBV-DNA was detectable in sera from 3 patients out of the 40 patients who were positive for hepatitis B core antibody. These 3 patients were responsive to combination therapy at treatment week 12; only 1 of them had discontinued therapy by week 24. HBV genotype D was the only detectable genotype in those patients, with absence of "a" determ...