Design Fabrication of Electrically Operated Papad Making Machine (original) (raw)

An Innovative Design and Fabrication of Indian Flatbread Making Machine

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2022

About 60 million Metric Tons (MMT) of wheat is processed to obtain Atta annually in India. It is consumed mainly in the form of Indian flatbread. Dough is prepared by mixing wheat flour with water, followed by sheeting the dough to form circular shape with small thickness. The flat circular sheet of dough is subjected to thermal treatment to get delicious and diet food as Indian Flatbread which is consumed by majority Indian peoples daily. Nowadays, flatbread making process is dying in Indian families because of busy life style and increased disposable income to fulfill the need of city life culture. It is evident that the Atta processing industry is showing the growth of more than 30% annually. But, there is an ever ending demand for ready-to-eat as well as easy-to-carry food as Indian flatbread which leads to the way for mechanizing flatbread making process with the aid of machineries. Hence, it is decided to make a detailed plan to fabricate low-cost Indian flatbread making machine that can yield high quality and traditional Indian flatbread. The machine designed consists of AC motor unit, plastic roller with handle which rotates smoothly by bearing and other maker parts. Design of Indian flatbread making machine was done by CATIA V5 R18 3D Modeling software. Fabrications of all the parts have been done with the assist of suitable machines. In this project work all the challenging parts are fabricated as per an innovative design followed by rigid fabrication as per need and the parts were assembled to perform indented function as flatbread sheet making process.

The Engineering of Non-Electrical Wheat Cracker Dough Cutting Tool

The cracker cutter has been developed for many years, but still expensive, less effective, and not suitable for wheat cracker cutting. The purposes of this research is to design a tool for suitable cutting, cheap and non-electrical wheat crackers. The design apply using stainless wire and mechanism of the suppressor for cutting. To be able to engineer the tools, it is necessary to prepare materials such as iron elbow, stainless steel, iron plates, bolts, stainless wires, pipes polyvinyl chloride (pvc) and springs. The results show that an average cutting timez about 12 kg/hour. In economic calculation there is discrepancies capacity per month 2060 kg or IDR. 123,600,000. There is an increase in capacity of 1700%.

METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATION OF BREAD MAKING TOOLS – A REVIEW

Indian bread making tools are a part of hand tools. Rolling pin and rolling board are used for making Indian breads. Indian breads are made as flat bread or pastry on a rolling board with the rolling pin. In roti making process, there were many disadvantages like dough sticking to the pin and board, inefficiency with the comfortability issues of the tools, instability of the board etc; which leads to the drudgery of the user. In order to find the drudgery of the users who used bread making tools the review on methodologies for evaluation of bread making tools was carried out. From the review, it shows that different parameters relating to hand-hand tool interaction are required to be considered for evaluating the design of hand tools. The parameters to be considered in relation to the hand tool are its physical features and for hand are its Biomechanical features. The physical and biomechanical features are interrelated. If better fitted hand tools are to be designed the knowledge of hand dimension is required.

Development of a Dough Kneading Machine with Three Different Detachable Beaters.

Dough kneading is an essential operation which enhances the development of gluten that gives bread its structure. Manual dough kneading is laborious, energy-sapping and time consuming, even at a small-scale level of production. This study focused on the development of dough kneading machine and evaluation of the effects of beaters type (elbow, flat and wired) on the physical qualities of bread. The kneader performance was evaluated based on kneading time, kneading efficiency and kneading capacity. The physical properties of the bread in terms of volume, bulk density and weight loss for each beater was measured and analysed statistically at p<0.05. The result shows that kneading time varied significantly based on beater type. Optimum kneading time was achieved at 20 min, 27 min and 35 min for elbow, flat and wired beaters respectively. The optimum kneading efficiency and capacity were found to be 90.13% and 18 kg/h while using elbow beater. From the product evaluation, the beater type had no significant effect at p<0.05 on the volume, bulk density and weight loss of the bread produced using the developed dough kneader. The developed dough kneading machine was efficient for the production of bread when using the elbow beater.

Development of a Low Cost Bread Slicing Machine

International Journal of Science and Technology, 2012

Bread has become a common food and a cheap source of carbohydrate to all sundry especially among Nigerians. However, the problem of how hygienic the production has become a source of concern to stakeholders. In line with this, we developed a machine that will ensure that there is little or no human contact when slicing the bread since it is the most common of the types of bread available in Nigeria. It has an efficiency of 74% and with a total cost of N45, 000 ($290) as at 2008.

Improved Design of a Flour Milling Machine

2013

The research presents improved design of a flour milling machine. It is a machine used for the milling of flour (dough) to a higher degree for food production without damaging the nutrients. In the construction of the design it is expected to use indigenous technology and to increase efficiency, minimize cost and maximize profit. The machine was designed to use the main drive shaft as means of speed reduction. It is very cheap to maintain.

Bread-slicing machine

2016

This study developed a compact front loading machine for slicing loaves of bread. The machine is fast, efficient, safe and easy to operate. It was designed to accommodate a normal loaf of bread per pass. It works on the principle of gravity loaf in-feed system and the up-and-down reciprocating motion of the blade frame that carries 22 parallel cutting blades spaced at a regular interval of 14.5 mm apart. It is driven by a 2 horsepower electric motor via a V-belt power transmission system. The moving components are born on self-lubricating bearings and specially designed vibration absorbers; it automatically stops to save running cost once the loaf is completely sliced. It also incorporates a crumb collection tray to enhance the hygiene of the process. Evaluation tests revealed that increasing the cutting speed above the standard commercial bakery speed of 420 r/min increased bread wastage and reduced uniformity of slice thickness.

INDIAN BREAD MAKING TOOLS -CONSUMER AVAILABILITY AND USE

Cooking is the most common activity in all homes. Indian Breads made of wheat flour are served hot at breakfast, lunch or dinner, and are eaten with dry and semi liquid vegetable preparations, as well as with gravies and other adjuncts. Ergonomic research concerning industrial work situation is given priority while the work in the domestic sector also demand focus at attention as studies on chapatti making machines irrespective to household manual tools. Hence the present study was planned to find out the consumer preferences on tools used in Indian bread making and to identify the design deficiencies of most commonly used tools and suggest suitable modifications. Data was collected through interview schedule from a random sample of 100 consumers located in the study area. The common tools used in Indian bread making are the Rolling board and Rolling pin, which are available in a variety of materials and sizes. The results of household survey showed that the majority of the users faced problems of muscle fatigue, grip fatigue, wrist pain and fore arm pain due to lack of grip of handles of rolling pin, instability of the board and lack of non-stick feature. Summary The results revealed that rolling pin and rolling board are the tools, which are very useful but are stressful and uncomfortable to use and were selected for the present study. The results revealed the following findings-Majority (96%) sample were preparing Indian breads for one meal a day and found to receive help from other family members occasionally during time of illness, arrival of guests and work overloads. Rolling pin and rolling board were possessed by majority (98%) of respondents. This shows increasing use of rolling pin and rolling board for making Indian breads. Most users expressed inconvenience in using rolling pins and rolling boards as more stress falls on the wrist (due to uncomfortable grip of handle, base) while using these tools, more force has to be applied while using and suggested redesigning them for their efficient use. So there is a need to design and develop the tools that are comfortable and efficient to the users.

Fabrication and Assembly of Rotti Making Machine

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2021

Flatbreads are very popular especially in those parts of the world where bread constitutes a major source of dietary protein and calories. There are several forms of flatbread, and the variation is mainly in terms of ingredients, technology, and quality. Several modifications in the formulations have been made in the recent past to improve the quality and delicacy of these food products. With urbanization and industrialization, the demand for ready-to-eat and easy-to-carry products resembling flatbread in appearance, but having desirable qualities of bread offers one exciting possibility to this effect. At present domestic and mass production purpose chapatti making machines are already available. With those machines, we can't prepare jowar, daal, rice, bajra, rottis. For that, a plan is executed to fabricate a machine that can make all the varieties of rotti's and chapatti. The design of rotti making machine was more innovative and challenging because of the least reference material availabilities and later the fabrication of all the parts have been carried out. In the current work, all the parts are fabricated as per the design and then assembled to verify the functionality of the machine.