An Algorithm for the Accurate Localization of Sounds (original) (raw)
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Localization of Sound Sources: A Systematic Review
Energies
Sound localization is a vast field of research and advancement which is used in many useful applications to facilitate communication, radars, medical aid, and speech enhancement to but name a few. Many different methods are presented in recent times in this field to gain benefits. Various types of microphone arrays serve the purpose of sensing the incoming sound. This paper presents an overview of the importance of using sound localization in different applications along with the use and limitations of ad-hoc microphones over other microphones. In order to overcome these limitations certain approaches are also presented. Detailed explanation of some of the existing methods that are used for sound localization using microphone arrays in the recent literature is given. Existing methods are studied in a comparative fashion along with the factors that influence the choice of one method over the others. This review is done in order to form a basis for choosing the best fit method for our...
Sound localisation ability of soldiers wearing infantry ACH and PASGT helmets
Ergonomics, 2014
Helmets provide soldiers with ballistic and fragmentation protection but impair auditory spatial processing. Missed auditory information can be fatal for a soldier; therefore, helmet design requires compromise between protection and optimal acoustics. Twelve soldiers localised two sound signals presented from six azimuth angles and three levels of elevation presented at two intensity levels and with three background noises. Each participant completed the task while wearing no helmet and with two U.S. Army infantry helmets -the Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops (PASGT) helmet and the Advanced Combat Helmet (ACH). Results showed a significant effect of helmet type on the size of both azimuth and elevation error. The effects of level, background noise, azimuth and elevation were found to be significant. There was no effect of sound signal type. As hypothesised, localisation accuracy was greatest when soldiers did not wear helmet, followed by the ACH. Performance was worst with the PASGT helmet.
Sound Localization in Robotic Application
2017
This thesis is focused on implementing sound localizationin robotics to explore how a computer can interpret it’ssurroundings, specifically using ”off the shelf components”.Sound localization gives ...
Acoustic signal localization through the use of Head Related Transfer Functions
An acoustic image of space is an acoustically described visual image intended to help blind people orient themselves in space. Description is made with the aid of spatial sounds created using HRTF filters. HRTF filters are empirically acquired FIR filter sets that describe changes to the sound as it travels from its source towards the human eardrum. They include changes related to body shape, ears, ear canal, etc. Our research focused on finding the maximum resolution of the human auditory system when determining the location of a sound source in space. This is also the maximum resolution for creating an acoustic image. We were interested in minimum azimuth and elevation change resolution -we tried to establish the minimum angle between two sources that could still be detected. Resolution dependence on signal bandwidth was also measured. The results were encouraging, especially in the horizontal plane, where most of subjects were able to tell the difference between two sources only 5° apart. Edge resolution, with 80° -90° azimuth, was still satisfactory if a wide bandwidth signal was used. If elevation is increased, the resolution deteriorates quickly and is no longer satisfactory. To address this problem, different coding should be used to create an acoustic image of elevation.
The development of a biomimetic acoustic direction finding system for use on multiple platforms
2008
This paper describes the flow of scientific and technological achievements beginning with a stationary "small, smart, biomimetic acoustic processor" designed for DARPA that led to a program aimed at acoustic characterization and direction finding for multiple, mobile platforms. ARL support and collaboration has allowed us to adapt the core technology to multiple platforms including a Packbot robotic platform, a soldier worn platform, as well as a vehicle platform. Each of these has varying size and power requirements, but miniaturization is an important component of the program for creating practical systems which we address further in companion papers. We have configured the system to detect and localize gunfire and tested system performance with live fire from numerous weapons such as the AK47, the Dragunov, and the AR15. The ARL-sponsored work has led to connections with Natick Labs and the Future Force Warrior program, and in addition, the work has many and obvious applications to homeland defense, police, and civilian needs.
Sound Localization Using Head Related Transfer Functions: A Review
Due to the geometry of our ears, head, and upper body, the spectral and temporal changes we make on an impinging sound gives strong clues about the direction from which that sound source came. These changes are collectively referred to as the Head--Related Transfer Function (HRTF). Using our expanding knowledge of the HRTF properties and how humans perceive sound, we are able to build humanoid systems that are capable of localizing a sound source to within a few degrees. Through the review of three select references related to humanoid HRTF localization, we compare some of the various HRTF localization techniques used to mimic these properties. We also explore data reduction techniques and touch upon predictors for sound localization used to reduce the number of HRTFs that need to be analyzed.
Localization of sound sources in robotics: A review
Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 2017
Sound source localization (SSL) in a robotic platform has been essential in the overall scheme of robot audition. It allows a robot to locate a sound source by sound alone. It has an important impact on other robot audition modules, such as source separation, and it enriches human–robot interaction by complementing the robot's perceptual capabilities. The main objective of this review is to thoroughly map the current state of the SSL field for the reader and provide a starting point to SSL in robotics. To this effect, we present: the evolution and historical context of SSL in robotics; an extensive review and classification of SSL techniques and popular tracking methodologies; different facets of SSL as well as its state-of-the-art; evaluation methodologies used for SSL; and a set of challenges and research motivations.
IJERT-Acoustic Localization Sensor for Embedded Surveillance Systems
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2015
https://www.ijert.org/acoustic-localization-sensor-for-embedded-surveillance-systems https://www.ijert.org/research/acoustic-localization-sensor-for-embedded-surveillance-systems-IJERTV4IS100112.pdf Nowadays acoustic perception in intelligent home applications, surveillance systems and autonomous robots are gaining great popularity. Many robotic devices are currently equipped with embedded acoustic sensors. This sound based localization also find enormous application in military as well as security systems. In this paper sound source localization is implemented in analog circuit and also TOA (Time Of Arrival) estimation of sound is done in Matlab Simulink. TOA estimation is done based on GCC-PHAT algorithm.