MAP Kinases and Prostate Cancer (original) (raw)

2011, Prostate Cancer - From Bench to Bedside

One of the most relevant aspects in cell death regulation is the signaling of apoptosis by serine/threonine kinases, a broad category of kinases that includes, among others, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (Cross et al., 2000; Khlodenko & Birtwistle, 2009). The three main members that integrate the MAPK family in mammalian cells are: the stressactivated protein kinase c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinases (JNK), the stress-activated protein kinase 2 (SAPK2, p38), and the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2, p44/p42) (Fig. 1). In addition, other less well-characterized MAPK pathways exist, such as the extracellular regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) pathway (Hayashi &Lee, 2004; Junttila & Li, 2008) (Fig. 1). Albeit with multiple exceptions, JNK and ERK5 are generally associated with apoptosis induction; while ERK1/2 are generally associated to mitogenesis, and therefore inversely related to apoptosis (

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