Comparing the Performance of the Optical Glucose Assay Based on Glucose Binding Protein with High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Electrochemical Detection: Efforts to Design a Low-Cost Point-of-Care Glucose Sensor (original) (raw)
Fluorescence-based glucose sensors
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2005
There is an urgent need to develop technology for continuous in vivo glucose monitoring in subjects with diabetes mellitus. Problems with existing devices based on electrochemistry have encouraged alternative approaches to glucose sensing in recent years, and those based on fluorescence intensity and lifetime have special advantages, including sensitivity and the potential for non-invasive measurement when nearinfrared light is used. Several receptors have been employed to detect glucose in fluorescence sensors, and these include the lectin concanavalin A (Con A), enzymes such as glucose oxidase, glucose dehydrogenase and hexokinase/glucokinase, bacterial glucose-binding protein, and boronic acid derivatives (which bind the diols of sugars). Techniques include measuring changes in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between a fluorescent donor and an acceptor either within a protein which undergoes glucose-induced changes in conformation or because of competitive displacement; measurement of glucose-induced changes in intrinsic fluorescence of enzymes (e.g. due to tryptophan residues in hexokinase) or extrinsic fluorophores (e.g. using environmentally sensitive fluorophores to signal protein conformation). Noninvasive glucose monitoring can be accomplished by measurement of cell autofluorescence due to NAD(P)H, and fluorescent markers of mitochondrial metabolism can signal changes in extracellular glucose concentration. Here we review the principles of operation, context and current status of the various approaches to fluorescence-based glucose sensing.
Analytica Chimica Acta, 1993
Optical fiber biosensors based on fluorescence assays have several distinct advantages when measuring biological analytes such as metabolites, cofactors, toxins, etc. Not only are optical signals immune to electronic interferences, but the polychromatic nature of most fluorochemical assays provides more potentially useful data about the system being studied. One of the most common difficulties normally encountered with optical biosensors is the inability to routinely recalibrate the optical and electronic components of the system throughout the life of the sensor. With this in mind, an optical fiber biosensor system for glucose has been constructed along with the peripheral electronic instrumentation. The biochemical assay is based on an homogeneous singlet/singlet energy transfer affinity assay. The sensor probe indirectly measures glucose concentrations from the level of fluorescence quenching caused by the homogeneous competition assay between TRITC labeled concanavalin A (receptor) and FITC labeled Dextran (ligand). The FITC signal is used as an indicator for glucose concentrations and the TRITC signal is used for internal calibration. Chemical derivatization procedures using succinic anhydride were developed to prevent aggregation of the receptor protein in solution, and the TRITC/ConA ratios were optimized to achieve the best sensor performance. Using this sensor system, the FITC-Dextran detection limit was 0.05 bg/ml and glucose concentrations up to 1600 mg/dl could be detected with a time response of approximately 10 min.
Electroanalysis, 2020
This work describes the development of a novel method for glucose determination exploiting a photoelectrochemicalassisted batch injection analysis cell designed and constructed with the aid of 3D printer technology. The PEC-BIA cell was coupled to a LED lamp in order to control the incidence of light on the Cu 2 O/Ni(OH) 2 /FTO photoelectroactive platform. The electrochemical characteristics of Cu 2 O/Ni(OH) 2 /FTO photoelectroactive platform were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, amperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The PEC-BIA cell presented linear response range, limit of detection based on a signal-to-noise ratio of three, and sensitivity of 1-1000 μmol L-1 , 0.76 µmol L-1 and 0.578 µA L µmol-1 , respectively. The PEC-BIA method presented a mean value of the recovery values of 97.0 % to 102.0 % when it was applied to glucose determination in artificial blood plasma samples which indicates the promising performance of the proposed system to determine glucose.
Analytical Biochemistry, 2010
We synthesized mutants of glucose/galactose-binding protein (GBP), labeled with the environmentally sensitive fluorophore Badan, with the aim of producing a fluorescence-based glucose sensing system with an operating range compatible with continuous glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes mellitus. From five mutants tested, the triple mutant H152C/A213R/L238S-Badan showed a large (200%) maximal increase in fluorescence intensity on the addition of glucose, with a binding constant (K d ) of 11 mM, an operating range of approximately 1-100 mM, and similar responses in buffer and serum. The mean fluorescence lifetime of this mutant also increased by 70% on the addition of glucose. We conclude that the GBP mutant H152C/A213R/L238S, when labeled with Badan, is suitable for development as a robust sensor for in vivo glucose monitoring in diabetes.
Fluorescence Glucose Detection: Advances Toward the Ideal In Vivo Biosensor
Journal of Fluorescence, 2000
The importance of glucose monitoring for in vivo as well as for ex vivo applications has driven a vast number of scientific groups to pursue the development of an advanced glucose sensor. Such a sensor must be robust, versatile, and capable of the long-term, accurate and reproducible detection of glucose levels in various testing media. Among the different configurations and signal transduction mechanisms used, fluorescence-based glucose sensors constitute a growing class of glucose sensors represented by an increasing number of significant contributions to the field over the last few years. This manuscript reviews the progress in the development of fluorescence based glucose sensors resulting from the advances in the design of new receptor systems for glucose recognition and the utilization of new fluorescence transduction schemes.
Electrochemical Glucose Sensing: Is There Still Room for Improvement?
Analytical Chemistry, 2016
As diabetes is considered one of the biggest health care challenges of the coming decades substantial effort is being made to develop novel glucose monitoring systems, this includes thousands of articles which are being published every year. To the question in the title, we answer an unequivocal "yes" but maybe not necessarily in the areas where most of the published research is focused.
A glucose sensor protein for continuous glucose monitoring
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2010
In vivo continuous glucose monitoring has posed a significant challenge to glucose sensor development due to the lack of reliable techniques that are non-or at least minimally-invasive. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrated the development of a new glucose sensor protein, AcGFP1-GBPcys-mCherry, and an optical sensor assembly, capable of generating quantifiable FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) signals for glucose monitoring. Our experimental data showed that the engineered glucose sensor protein can generate measureable FRET signals in response to glucose concentrations varying from 25 to 800 μM. The sensor developed based on this protein had a shelf life of up to 3 weeks. The sensor response was devoid of interference from compounds like galactose, fructose, lactose, mannose, and mannitol when tested at physiologically significant concentrations of these compounds. This new glucose sensor protein can potentially be used to develop implantable glucose sensors for continuous glucose monitoring.
Glucose Biosensors: 40 Years of Advances and Challenges
Forty years have passed since Clark and Lyons proposed the concept of glucose enzyme electrodes. Excellent economic prospects and fascinating potential for basic research have led to many sensor designs and detection principles for the biosensing of glucose. Indeed, the entire field of biosensors can trace its origin to this glucose enzyme electrode. This review examines the history of electrochemical glucose biosensors, discusses their current status and assesses future prospects in connection primarily to the control and management of diabetes.
Lifetime-Based Sensing of Glucose Using Energy Transfer with a Long Lifetime Donor
Analytical Biochemistry, 1997
have been successfully used as clinically useful assays, We describe an optical assay for glucose based on the which is the result of the weak optical signals obtainluminescence decay time of a long lifetime metal-ligand able from glucose over the strong background of the complex. Concanavalin A was covalently labeled with scattering and absorption properties of skin.
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2010
As the importance of blood-glucose control for both diabetic and non-diabetic patients continues to increase, there is a need for more advanced glucose-sensing technologies. In particular, an in vivo glucose sensor is needed that exhibits high accuracy when operating in a continuous manner for a relatively long period of time (3-5 days). Development of such sensors has been hampered, as low accuracy and sensor drift become major problems with in vivo environments, especially for enzyme-based electrochemical glucose sensors. This paper reports on the use of a novel, binding polypeptide-based, fluorescent, glucosesensing system that promises to overcome many drawbacks of an enzyme-based system while showing the potential for high accuracy, especially at hypoglycemic levels.