Planning and self-efficacy can increase fruit and vegetable consumption: a randomized controlled trial (original) (raw)
Related papers
Health Education Research, 2006
Effects of interventions targeting self-efficacy alone or combined with action plans were examined in the context of fruit and vegetable consumption. E-mail messages were sent to a self-efficacy group, a combined self-efficacy and action planning group and a control group. At a 6-month follow-up, 200 adults reported their fruit and vegetable consumption, along with current levels of self-efficacy and planning. The two experimental groups gained equally from the interventions, as documented by changes in behavior. In both intervention groups, change in respective cognitions predicted change in fruit and vegetable consumption. Parsimonious interventions might contribute to health behavior change.
Differential effects of planning and self-efficacy on fruit and vegetable consumption
Appetite, 2010
Poor dietary habits are difficult to change. Most theories of health behavior assume that an individual's intention to change is the best direct predictor of actual change . But people often do not behave according to their intentions. Therefore, the intention construct needs to be supplemented by other, more proximal factors that might facilitate the translation of intentions into action. Some of these post-intentional factors have been identified, such as perceived self-efficacy and planning, although it is not fully understood how they interplay with intentions and behaviors. Previous studies have specified selfefficacy and planning as mediators between intentions and behaviors (e.g., Schwarzer, Luszczynska, Ziegelmann, Scholz, & Lippke, 2008). However, other mechanisms such as moderation or moderated mediation might be possible. In the present study, an interaction between planning and self-efficacy and its effect on the assumed mediation is examined. This is done in order to elucidate the mechanisms that come into play after people have formed an intention to change their dietary behaviors.
Psychology & Health, 2011
This study tested the effect of interventions designed for people who do not eat yet the recommended daily fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) but have a positive intention to do so. Adults (N = 163) aged 20–65 were randomised into four groups: implementation intentions (II group), self-efficacy (SE group), combination of II + SE group) and a control group receiving written information on nutrition. Study variables were measured at baseline, post-intervention and at 3-month follow-up. At follow-up, compared to the control group, FVI increased significantly in the II and II + SE groups (1.5 and 1.9 servings per day, respectively). Most psychosocial variables significantly increased compared to the control group, with the exception of SE for vegetable intake (VI). Moreover, at 3-month follow-up, change in FVI was mediated by changes in fruit intake (FI) intention and VI action planning. In conclusion, II interventions were efficient to increase FVI, with or without consideration for the development of SE. Thus, future studies should favour the adoption of this approach to bridge the intention–behaviour gap for FVI.
Global Health Promotion, 2013
This study tested the effect of theory-based interventions designed to increase fruit and vegetable intake (FVI). Adults (n = 291) were randomized into four groups: implementation intentions (II) group; self-efficacy (SE) group; combination of implementation intentions and self-efficacy (II+SE) group; and a control group receiving written information on nutrition. They were reassessed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 month follow-up. This study found that short interventions such as SE and II+SE can achieve significant differences in FVI at six-month follow-up compared to the control group. However, this effect was not maintained at 12-month follow-up. Practitioners should add materials or follow up meetings to ensure maintenance of behavioral change. (Global Health Promotion, 2013; 20 Supp. 2: 83-87).
The Role of Social Support and Self-efficacy for Planning Fruit and Vegetable Intake
Journal of nutrition education and behavior, 2017
The aim of the current study was to examine the joint effect of self-efficacy, action planning, and received social support on fruit and vegetable intake. The study used a longitudinal design with 3 waves of data collection. Major university campus in Beijing, China. Young adults (n = 286). Age, gender, body mass index, dietary self-efficacy, and baseline behavior were measured at time 1. Two weeks after time 1, received social support and action planning were assessed (time 2); 4 weeks after time 1, subsequent fruit and vegetable consumption was measured (time 3). In a path analysis, action planning at time 2 was specified as a mediator between self-efficacy at time 1 and fruit and vegetable intake at time 3, controlling for age, gender, body mass index, and baseline behavior. In addition, in a conditional process analysis, received social support at time 2 was specified as a moderator of the self-efficacy-planning relationship. Action planning mediated between self-efficacy and su...
Journal of health psychology, 2016
Compensatory health beliefs (the beliefs that an unhealthy behaviour can be compensated by a healthy behaviour) can interfere with adherence to fruit and vegetable consumption recommendations. Fruit and vegetable consumption, social cognitive variables and compensatory health beliefs were investigated via self-report at baseline (T0) and 8-week follow-up (T1) in N = 790 participants. Self-efficacy predicted fruit and vegetable consumption intentions. Planning mediated between intentions and T1 fruit and vegetable consumption. Compensatory health beliefs negatively predicted intentions at low self-efficacy levels only. The results propose the use of self-efficacy interventions to diminish the negative effects of compensatory health beliefs when forming fruit and vegetable consumption intentions and foster planning to translate intentions into behaviour.
Appetite, 2015
Background: Self-efficacy and social support are considered relevant predictors of fruit and vegetable intake. This study examines whether the effect of self-efficacy on fruit and vegetables intake is mediated by intention and whether this motivational process is moderated by received dietary social support. Methods: A longitudinal study with two measurement points in time, four weeks apart, on fruit and vegetable intake was carried out with 473 students aged 19 years on average (52% women). In a conditional process analysis, dietary intention was specified as a mediator between selfefficacy and fruit and vegetable intake, whereas received dietary support was specified as a moderator of the self-efficacyintention association, controlling for baseline fruit and vegetable intake. Results: Self-efficacy was positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake four weeks later, and intention mediated this process. Moreover an interaction between received dietary support and self-efficacy on intention emerged. Conclusions: The effect of self-efficacy on fruit and vegetable intake was fully mediated by intention. Moreover, received support exhibited a moderating role within the motivational process: high dietary support appeared to accentuate the positive relationship between selfefficacy and dietary intention.
2014
Background and Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of two subsequent intervention components (motivational and self-regulatory components), placed in different order, to promote fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. Methods: After baseline assessment, university students (N = 205, aged 18-26 years) were allocated to two groups. One group received a motivational intervention (outcome expectancies, risk perception, and task self-efficacy) followed by a self-regulatory intervention (planning and dietary selfefficacy) after 17 days. The second group received the same intervention conditions in the opposite order. Follow-up assessments were done after another 17 days. Results: Both intervention sequences yielded gains in terms of FV intake and self-efficacy. However, this gain was only due to the self-regulatory component whereas the motivational component did not contribute to the changes. Moreover, changes in intention and self-efficacy mediated between intervention sequence and follow-up behavior, suggesting that improving these proximal predictors of FV intake was responsible for the behavioral gains. Conclusions: Findings highlight the superiority of a self-regulatory intervention over a motivational intervention when it comes to dietary changes in this sample of young adults. Moreover, changes in dietary selfefficacy may drive nutritional changes.
Health Psychology, 2010
Objective: This study tested whether an intervention that combined information with self-regulation strategies had a better effect on eating fruits and vegetables than an information-only intervention. Design: Women between age 30 and 50 (N ϭ 255) participated in a 24-month randomized controlled trial comparing two brief interventions: All participants received the same information intervention; participants in the information plus self-regulation group additionally learned a self-regulation technique that integrates mental contrasting with implementation intentions. Main outcome measures: Participants reported in daily diaries how many servings of fruits and vegetables they ate per day during 1 week at baseline, and in the first week, 1, 2, 4, and 24 months after intervention. Results: Participants in both groups ate more fruits and vegetables (0.47 to 1.00 daily servings) than at baseline during the first 4 months after intervention. Two years later, participants in the information plus self-regulation group maintained the higher intake, whereas participants in the information group returned to baseline levels. Conclusion: Adding self-regulation training to an information intervention increased its effectiveness for long-term behavior change.