Climate change and security (original) (raw)

All Life is in Danger: The Various Historical Events of the Global Climate Change

A poll due for release on Wednesday April 18, 2012 shows that a large majority of Americans believe that this year's unusually warm winter, last year's blistering summer and some other weather disasters were probably made worse by global warming . In spite of this, in 1988, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in Geneva to notice the changes in climate by doing research and protection around the world . Between different standpoints among scientists and organizations as to whether the impact of global warming will be good or not in the future, governmental and economic policies regarding the benefits of climate change have changed back and forth from agreement to disagreement. These changes have occurred independently of the outbreaks of infectious diseases which argue that were related to the warming period of the earth. However, these changes are in reality the consequences of historical, cultural, political, social and economic events. Thes...

Revisiting Climate Change Ali Azam Rizvi

Climate Change, 2024

(irip) REVISITING CLIMATE CHANGE AN OVERVIEW CLIMATE CHANGE IS ONE OF THE DEFINING ISSUES OF OUR TIME. It is now more certain than ever, based on many lines of evidence, that humans are changing Earth's climate. The atmosphere and oceans have warmed, which has been accompanied by sea level rise, a strong decline in Arctic sea ice, and other climate-related changes. The impacts of climate change on people and nature are increasingly apparent. Unprecedented flooding, heat waves, and wildfires have cost billions in damages. Habitats are undergoing rapid shifts in response to changing temperatures and precipitation patterns.

Threats Posed by the Effects of Climate Change

Threats Posed by the Effects of Climate Change, 2019

Changes in climate are direct consequences from the manmade processes causing global warming (the Anthropocene era). They are threat for humanity and its sustainable future in two ways – 1. as change of weather patterns which should be tackled through all possible ways for reduction of global warming and bringing the CO2 emissions below pre-industrial levels and 2. as how the change of weather patterns interact with societies – including the ability or inability of governments to effectively manage rapid changes, ensure security and prosperity for their nations, and maintain their legitimacy. Climate change aftermaths are hiding potential threats for societies by disturbing their peaceful living and raising chances for conflicts. By changing the physical landscape extreme weather anomalies influence also the international geopolitical landscape. Most directly, climate change impacts state security by decreasing the readiness of institutions to answer its threats. Therefore, climate change impacts can be explicitly seen as potential security threads (even though they are not traditional security threads) and should be taken seriously into consideration of possible deepening of the caused instability. In this article only this second dimension will be regarded.

CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS POSSIBLE SECURITY IMPLICATIONS

KARADENİZ 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL SCIENCES, 2022

With the end of the Cold War, security issues expanded to include non-military threats. Climate change, the effects of which started to be seen more and more with the environmental problems that occurred in the 1990s, started to take an important place in the security agenda. Climate change, which has turned into a global environmental problem, has caused problems such as a rise in sea level, excessive precipitation, desertification in many parts of the world, and a decrease in agricultural production caused by drought. In this respect, climate change has started to become a subject that is discussed and discussed as a security problem in today’s international relations. Problems such as hunger, thirst, poverty, or international migration caused by climate change in many countries directly or indirectly cause security problems on a global scale. Climate change causes threats to individuals, primarily environmental, economic, social, political, and societal. These threats to human security turn into national security threats for governments as well. In addition, the environmental threats of global climate change and the direct effects of its effects on the environment and nature cause it to be evaluated within the issue of environmental security. In this respect, global climate change, which is a direct environmental security problem, is handled in different dimensions. In this study, the relationship between climate change and security has been revealed and the possible security problems caused by climate change have been revealed and examined. Key Words: Climate Change, Global Warming, Environmental Security, Security Problems, Humanitarian Security Problems

Climate Change and Human Security

2011

This spring at the Earth's higher latitudes sees the UN Security Council about to break new ground by taking up the issue of climate change. How will changing climate patterns affect both interstate relations and international and national security in a narrow, geo-strategic sense as well as the well-being and survival of human beings and humankind and thus human, water, health and livelihood security? On 6 April 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the second part of its Fourth Assessment Report showing that the poor of this planet are most likely to suffer the worst effects of climate change. Human security takes on a broader meaning when one considers basic needs for food, water, health-in short, livelihood and a place to live-the issues addressed in the Millennium Development Goals. Poor communities can be especially vulnerable, in particular those concentrated in highrisk areas. They tend to have more limited adaptive capacities, and are more dependent on climate-sensitive resources such as local water and food supplies (IPCC 2007: 9). 2 Furthermore, within the larger category of 'the poor' lies the frequently invisible (including within that IPCC summary document) group: women. Worldwide, seventy percent of those living below the poverty line are women 3 for whom climate change represents very specific threats to security. When the impacts of climate change are brought home, then women, in their roles as the primary managers of family, food, water and health, must deal very directly with the impacts. While natural climate variations have existed for millennia, anthropogenic climate change has gradually emerged since the industrial revolution and especially after World War II due to the availability of cheap fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) and the dramatic increase in its consumption first primarily in the industrialized countries but now increasingly also in the rapidly growing economies of the BRIC states (Brazil, Russia, India, China), especially of China and India.

Climate Change. Evidence and Causes

Climate Change. Evidence and Causes, 2023

Climate change is one of the defining issues of our times. It is now more certain than ever, based on many lines of evidence, that humans are changing Earth's climate. The atmosphere and oceans have warmed, which has been accompanied by sea level rise, a strong decline in Arctic sea ice, and other climate-related changes. The impacts of climate change on people and nature are increasingly apparent. Unprecedented flooding, heat waves, and wildfires have cost billions in damages. Habitats are undergoing rapid shifts in response to changing temperatures and precipitation patterns. The Royal Society and the US National Academy of Sciences, with their similar missions to promote the use of science to benefit society and to inform critical policy debates, produced the original Climate Change: Evidence and Causes in 2014. It was written and reviewed by a UK-US team of leading climate scientists. This new edition, prepared by the same author team, has been updated with the most recent climate data and scientific analyses, all of which reinforce our understanding of human-caused climate change. The evidence is clear. However, due to the nature of science, not every detail is ever totally settled or certain. Nor has every pertinent question yet been answered. Scientific evidence continues to be gathered around the world. Some things have become clearer and new insights have emerged. For example, the period of slower warming during the 2000s and early 2010s has ended with a dramatic jump to warmer temperatures between 2014 and 2015. Antarctic sea ice extent, which had been increasing, began to decline in 2014, reaching a record low in 2017 that has persisted. These and other recent observations have been woven into the discussions of the questions addressed in this booklet. Calls for action are getting louder. The 2020 Global Risks Perception Survey from the World Economic Forum ranked climate change and related environmental issues as the top five global risks likely to occur within the next ten years. Yet, the international community still has far to go in showing increased ambition on mitigation, adaptation, and other ways to tackle climate change. Scientific information is a vital component for society to make informed decisions about how to reduce the magnitude of climate change and how to adapt to its impacts. This booklet serves as a key reference document for decision makers, policy makers, educators, and others seeking authoritative answers about the current state of climate-change science. We are grateful that six years ago, under the leadership of Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone, former President of the National Academy of Sciences, and Sir Paul Nurse, former President of the Royal Society, these two organizations partnered to produce a highlevel overview of climate change science. As current Presidents of these organizations, we are pleased to offer an update to this key reference, supported by the generosity of the Cicerone family.

Climate Change and its Implications to National Security

American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2011

Problem statement: Climate change is increasingly one of the most serious national security threats which will have significant impacts on natural and coastal resources, ecosystem, human health and settlements, thereby affecting human wellbeing. At the same time, it is likely to influence of large scale human migration, economic and social depression over scarce natural resources and political systems necessary involve an even higher degree of uncertainty. Crucial for action is addressing climate change threats to small island states and states that are least developed, as environmental destabilization may lead to a major economic, environmental and political crisis that may not just affect these states but the world as a whole. Approach: Literatures were identified for review through a comprehensive search by using electronic and non-electronic databases. Related published literature and documents were searched in a systematic way using a range of key words relating to climate change impacts and national security. Results: The literature review indicates that climate change undermine national security dimensions by increasing environmental degradation, resources scarcity, large scale human migration as well as damage of infrastructure. The review also indicate that climate change undermine environmental dimensions by increasing sea level rise, extreme weather events, freshwater scarcity, land degradation and pollution; undermine economic dimensions by reducing access to and the quality of natural resources and human health, in addition to undermine of political dimensions with the possibility of increased environmental refugees, severe storms and failed economics. Conclusion: Reducing climate-induced threats that contributes to national security, there will need to develop an integrated approach in local and national levels and implement sustainable adaptive strategies as well as climate security.

Science, Facts and Fears: The Debate on Climate Change and Security

Climate Change: International Law and Global Governance, 2013

A broad range of studies have attempted to identify pathways through which climate change could contribute to conflict. Resource scarcity and climateinduced migration are two avenues which have received ample attention. The link between precipitation and conflict has also been examined, and some excellent work has been done regarding the impact of temperature on conflict. On balance, however, there is mixed evidence about the security implications of climate change. Furthermore, in many writings on the subject, scientific analysis takes a back seat to conjecture. Studying the consequences of climate change requires examining a broad social context, including the role of governance. Recognising the wide range of social mechanisms and intellectual premises underlying the response of various cultures to new challenges is also essential. The multitude of choices in the process of adaptation reduces the scope for identifying 'standard' mechanisms through which societies react to climate change. Correspondingly, research methods and underlying premises need to encompass the full range of options through which cultures respond. However, in scientific research-including the physical, social and life sciences-pressures to conform with prevailing thinking may restrict the scope of what is being investigated and, hence, limit the conclusions being advanced. In addition, many scientists cannot escape the ideological bent which shapes their worldviews and ends up pervading their work. Keeping in mind the perspectives of relativity and non-linearity, it is rarely warranted to 'predict' developments over a long-term horizon. The 'securitisation' of the climate change debate, and predictions of dire consequences for future domestic and international stability, have contributed to raising the debate-and international negotiations on how to address climate change-to the realm of high politics. Identifying climate change as a security problem has encouraged state-sponsored reflection on possible 685

Climate Change and Global Security

Journal of Strategic Security, 2020

Policy makers, scholars, strategic military thinkers, and intelligence analysts increasingly recognize climate change as a profound multi- dimensional global crisis. The dimensions of climate change have the potential to alter the way people live by presenting a range of environmental, social, economic, political, and social challenges. These include the potential for extreme weather events (hurricanes, storms, floods, heat waves) triggering mass migration, refugees, and depopulation of entire regions as they become uninhabitable due to extreme heat or sea level rise, droughts, degraded water supplies, famine and food insecurity, and health and biosecurity threats trigger humanitarian emergencies.