Gold Nanoparticles for Photothermal Therapy of Cancerous Cells in vitro (original) (raw)
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Enhanced photothermal heating and combination therapy of gold nanoparticles on a breast cell model
BMC chemistry, 2022
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in addition to the damage to non-malignant normal cells are the most difficult in cancer treatment. Drug delivery and Plasmonic photothermal therapy based on the use of resonant metallic nanoparticles have developed as promising techniques to destroy cancer cells selectively. In the present work, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using trisodium citrate. The prepared AuNPs have a small size of 14 ± 4 nm and exhibit high stability with Zeta potential − 18 mV, AuNPs showed higher photothermal heating efficiency compared to irradiation with a 532 nm laser alone on the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 0.125 mM AuNPs coupled with laser irradiation for 6 min was found to significantly reduce (34%) the cell viability compared to 5% obtained with AuNPs in the same concentration and 26% with laser irradiation for 6 min without AuNPs. Moreover, the prepared AuNPs were used as an anticancer drug carrier for Doxorubicin (Dox), upon loading Dox to AuNPs there was a slight increase in the particle size to 16 ± 2 nm, FT-IR spectroscopic results showing the binding of Dox to AuNPs was through the-NH group. The potential cytotoxicity of the DOX@AuNPs nanocomposite was significantly increased compared to free DOX on the MCF7 cell line with a decrease in IC 50. All these results suggested the potential use of AuNPs as therapeutic photothermal agents and drug carriers in cancer therapy.
Bioproduction of gold nanoparticles for photothermal therapy
Therapeutic delivery, 2016
Photothermal response of plasmonic nanomaterials can be utilized for a number of therapeutic applications such as the ablation of solid tumors. Gold nanoparticles were prepared using different methods. After optimization, we applied an aqueous plant extract as the reducing and capping agent of gold and maximized the near-infrared absorption (650-900 nm). Resultant nanoparticles showed good biocompatibility when tested in vitro in human keratinocytes and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gold nanoparticles were easily activated by controlled temperature with an ultrasonic water bath and application of a pulsed laser. These gold nanoparticles can be synthesized with reproducibility, modified with seemingly limitless chemical functional groups, with adequate controlled optical properties for laser phototherapy of tumors and targeted drug delivery.
Gold Nanostructures as Photothermal Therapy Agent for Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 2011
Well-designed photothermal nanostructures have attracted many scientists pursuing a better means to accurately diagnose cancer and assess the efficacy of treatment. Recently, gold-based nanostructures (nanoshells, nanorods and nanocages) have enabled photothermal ablation of cancer cells with near-infrared (NIR) light without damaging normal human tissues and in particular, animal studies and early clinical testing showed the great promise for these materials. In this review article, we first discuss the mechanism of the cellular death signaling by thermal stress and introduce the intrinsic properties of gold nanostructures as photothermal agent for cancer treatment. Then the overview follows for evolving researches for the synthesis of various types of gold nanostructures and for their biomedical applications. Finally we introduce the optimized therapeutic strategies involving nanoparticle surface modification and laser operation method for an enhanced accumulation of gold nanostructures to the target cancer as well as for an effective cancer cell ablation.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Gold nanorods are the most commonly used nanoparticles in photothermal therapy for cancer treatment due to their high efficiency in converting light into heat. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of gold nanorods of different sizes (large and small) in eliminating two types of cancer cell: melanoma and glioblastoma cells. After establishing the optimal concentration of nanoparticles and determining the appropriate time and power of laser irradiation, photothermal therapy was applied to melanoma and glioblastoma cells, resulting in the highly efficient elimination of both cell types. The efficiency of the PTT was evaluated using several methods, including biochemical analysis, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. The dehydrogenase activity, as well as calcein-propidium iodide and Annexin V staining, were employed to determine the cell viability and the type of cell death triggered by the PTT. The melanoma cells exhibited greater resistance to photothermal therapy, bu...
Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 2020
Small-sized gold nanoparticles (∼ 3nm) coated with Glutathione (GSH) ligand have designed as an active agent in photothermal therapy (PTT). GSH is pH-sensitive surface that have a fast response property to the variation in pH conditions, especially between normal (∼ 7.4) and cancer cell (6-6.5), that help the evaluation of the target and toxic effect of the cancer rather than normal cells. Results revealed considerable toxic effects of GSH-AuNPs accumulation in cancer cells for both green and NIR laser irradiation. The GSH-AuNPs represent promising agents for developing the safety issues of photothermal cancer treatment by; the selective targeting of the cancer rather than normal cells, reducing the NPs toxicity by their size overlapping with the renal clearance barrier of kidney filtration (5.5 nm), and promoting the photothermal performance in the NIR region, in which light penetration into deep cancer regions are more interested.
Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2009
Gold colloidal nanoparticles were prepared by the liquid laser ablation of a gold metal plate in water and also by the citrate reduction of HAuCl 4 •4H 2 O. The gold colloidal nanoparticles with the plasmonic band strongly absorb light, which is converted to the photothermal energy. This photothermal energy gives a cytotoxic effect on epithelial carcinoma cells. Interestingly, we found that the size and shape of the nanoparticles are changed by light during the photothermal process in vitro. The cervical carcinoma cell line (HeLa cell) was incubated with the colloidal gold nanoparticles and then exposed to continuous visible light at 400-600 nm with UV-and heat-cutoff filters. The distinct cell-killing effect was observed by this procedure. In the absence of the gold colloidal nanoparticles, only a small amount of cells were photothermally destroyed.
Plasmonic photothermal therapy of colon cancer cells utilising gold nanoshells: an in vitro study
IET Nanobiotechnology, 2018
In this study, gold nanoshell (GNS) were synthesised utilising the Halas method. The obtained nanoparticles (NPs) were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. FTIR spectra demonstrated the successful functionalisation of silica NP with 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane. SEM and TEM images showed the morphology and diameter of the synthesised silica NPs (137 ± 26 nm) and GNS. UV-Vis spectrum illustrated the maximum absorbance of the resultant GNS and their average hydrodynamic diameter was 159 nm. For in vitro study, HCT-116 cells were exposed to gold nanoshells and intense pulsed light in different experiment groups. The results showed that exposing the cells to nanoshells and 30 s irradiation would efficiently decrease the viability percentage of the cells to about 30% compared with the control. A continued exposure of 4 min decreased the viability of the cancer cells to 20%. The results demonstrated that photothermal therapy would be promising in treatment of colon cancer cells utilising gold nanoshells.
Photochemistry and photobiology
Laser photothermal therapy of cancer with the use of gold nanoparticles immunotargeted to molecular markers on the cell surface has been shown to be an effective modality to selectively kill cancer cells at much lower laser powers than those needed for healthy cells. To elucidate the minimum light dosimetry required to induce cell death, photothermal destruction of two cancerous cell lines and a noncancerous cell line treated with antiepidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles is studied, and a numerical heat transport model is used to estimate the local temperature rise within the cells as a result of the laser heating of the gold nanoparticles. It is found that cell samples with higher nanoparticle loading require a lower incident laser power to achieve a certain temperature rise. Numerically estimated temperatures of 70-80 degrees C achieved by heating the gold particles agree well with the measured threshold temperature for destruction of...
Medical Laser Application, 2007
We describe applications of silica(core)/gold(shell) nanoparticles to photothermal therapy of spontaneous tumor of cats and dogs. The laser irradiation parameters was optimized by preliminary experiments with laboratory rats. The temperature distribution in tissue and solution samples was measured with a thermal imaging system. It is shown that the temperature in the volume region of nanoparticles localization can substantially exceed the surface temperature recorded by the thermal imaging system. We demonstrate effective optical destruction of cancer cells by local injection of plasmon-resonant gold nanoshells followed by continuous wave (CW) semiconductor laser irradiation at wavelength 808 nm.
Cancer Cell Imaging and Photothermal Therapy in the Near-Infrared Region by Using Gold Nanorods
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2006
Due to strong electric fields at the surface, the absorption and scattering of electromagnetic radiation by noble metal nanoparticles are strongly enhanced. These unique properties provide the potential of designing novel optically active reagents for simultaneous molecular imaging and photothermal cancer therapy. It is desirable to use agents that are active in the near-infrared (NIR) region of the radiation spectrum to minimize the light extinction by intrinsic chromophores in native tissue. Gold nanorods with suitable aspect ratios (length divided by width) can absorb and scatter strongly in the NIR region (650-900 nm). In the present work, we provide an in vitro demonstration of gold nanorods as novel contrast agents for both molecular imaging and photothermal cancer therapy. Nanorods are synthesized and conjugated to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) monoclonal antibodies and incubated in cell cultures with a nonmalignant epithelial cell line (HaCat) and two malignant oral epithelial cell lines (HOC 313 clone 8 and HSC 3). The anti-EGFR antibody-conjugated nanorods bind specifically to the surface of the malignanttype cells with a much higher affinity due to the overexpressed EGFR on the cytoplasmic membrane of the malignant cells. As a result of the strongly scattered red light from gold nanorods in dark field, observed using a laboratory microscope, the malignant cells are clearly visualized and diagnosed from the nonmalignant cells. It is found that, after exposure to continuous red laser at 800 nm, malignant cells require about half the laser energy to be photothermally destroyed than the nonmalignant cells. Thus, both efficient cancer cell diagnostics and selective photothermal therapy are realized at the same time.