Some of the Factors Involved in Male Infertility: A Prospective Review (original) (raw)
Related papers
2017
The first blessing given by the Lord to the mankind is “Be fruitful and increase in number” Infertility signifies a severe emotional and common problem in the social order where importance is emotionally involved to have offspring. Infertility is viewed as „male factor‟ when an alteration in sperm concentration and/or motility and/or morphology is present in at least one sample of two sperm analyses, collected between one to four weeks apart. Recently male infertility has been a focus of interest because of decline in the semen quality amongst young healthy men in worldwide; extensive public awareness and psychological health. The causes includes disarray in the control mechanism which includes pre-testicular; testicular and post-testicular factors. This review article states the anatomy/physiology of the male reproductive organ, aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, laboratory tests, treatment and preventive measures of male infertility.
Risk Factors and Causes of Male Infertility-A Review
Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry, 2016
Infertility is defined as inability to achieve conception in a period of one year in a couple, despite regular and adequate unprotected sexual intercourse. A male is said to be infertile if he is unable to impregnate his partner after one year of unprotected intercourse. It is an important medical and social problem in the world as regards 15% of couples are infertile and 40% are infertile because of male factor infertility. This review highlights the risk factors and some causes that are responsible for male infertility. The aim of this review is to generate information which could help in the evaluation of male infertility.
Male Infertility: Etiology and Evaluation
Infertility is defined as the unable to conceive despite having one year of regular unprotected intercourse. It affects both genders globally. The increase in incidence is also due to delaying the start of families in many couples. Infertility is generally classified into two categories when a couple is unable to conceive after at least 1 year of unprotected sexual intercourse is termed primary, while any couple who has conceived previously but is not unable to conceive again is called secondary. The couple should consider the evaluation, if either partner has any known risk factor for infertility (e.g., advanced female age, male with a history of undescended testicles), or if the couple has concerns about their fertility potential. In most cases, it is recommended that both partners be evaluated simultaneously to prevent any delays in successful treatment. According to the WHO report on reproductive health, infertility may affect 15% of couples per year globally, of these, 20% will have a male factor that is solely responsible; male factors will contribute to an additional 30% of cases. When a man has any problem with his reproductive system it can lead to male infertility. Exposure to toxic substances, chemotherapy, radiation, and physical problems with the testes. Lifestyle, notably poor health habits and conditions (smoking, obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, use of drugs, testosterone, or anabolic steroids) may cause infertility in both sexes. Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism), Past inflammation of the prostate or past genital infections and/or high fever, Injury to or Torsion (constricted blood flow to a testicle), exposure to certain medications, pesticides, and other toxins, injury to the spinal cord, prostate surgery, hormone problems, genetic or chromosomal conditions testicular cancer, vasectomy, sexually transmitted diseases, varicocele (dilated veins in the scrotum), Ejaculatory disturbances Early or late puberty, Exposure of the genitals to high temperatures, Hernia repair can cause infertility.
Semen Analysis and Insight into Male Infertility
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences
Objectives: Semen analysis is the cornerstone for the valuation of the male partner in the infertile couples. This test has been standardized throughout the world through the World Health Organization (WHO) since the1970s by producing, editing, updating, and disseminating a semen analysis manual and guidelines. A retrospective study to give an insight about male infertility. Methods: This retrospective study assessed the semen findings of 1000 men evaluated at the Department of Urology, Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital in Baghdad-Iraq between January 2016 and May 2019. Semen analysis were done for them. Results: According to WHO standard for semen normality, 1000 samples that were analyzed, normospermia was shown in 835 (83.5%)males (95% CI=0.811-0.857) and 12% had oligospermia and the rest 4.5% was azospermia. The normospermic samples had significantly higher levels regarding the following parameters: count per ml (51.30±1.24) (P= 0.001), volume(3.34±2.31)(P=0.0001), pus cell (8.04±1....
Male Infertility: Evaluation and Treatment
IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2020
Globally, 48.5 million couples are suffering from infertility. One of six couples in United Kingdom is categorized as infertile. In developing countries, infertility affects one of four couples. Male infertility constitutes about 40-50% of the incidence. A minimum of 30 million men worldwide are infertile. Mortality rate is higher in men with impaired semen quality than those who have normal semen quality. The initial evaluation of a male partner of an infertile couple should be done if there is a delay in the pregnancy in the female partner for one year or more from unprotected sexual intercourse. It can be done earlier if there is a predisposing factor for infertility. Identification of the underlying aetiology of infertility is the guide for treatment course which could be medical, surgical or through assisted reproductive technology. The aim of this review is to highligh the main courses of evaluation and treatment of male infertility.
Evaluation of selected semen parameters and biomarkers of male infertility – preliminary study
F1000Research
Background: Because the etiopathogenesis of male infertility is multifactorial our study was designed to clarify the relationship between standard semen parameters, testicular volume, levels of reproductive hormones and the fragmentation of sperm nuclear DNA (SDF). Methods: Patients (n = 130) were clustered as subjects: 1) with an abnormal volume (utrasonography) of at least one testis (<12 mL) or with a normal volume of testes and 2) with abnormal levels of at least one of the reproductive hormones (FSH, LH, PRL, TSH, total T – electrochemiluminescence method) or with normal hormonal profiles and 3) with high level of SDF (>30%), moderate (>15–30%) or low (≤15%) (sperm chromatin dispersion test). Results: In subjects with a decreased testicular volume and in subjects with abnormal levels of reproductive hormones, decreased basic semen parameters were found. Participants with abnormal testicular volume had a higher percentage of SDF and a higher level of FSH (Mann–Whitney U...
Male Infertility: Etiological Factors [A Review]
Abstract: In recent decades, the incidence of infertility has increased both in developed and developing countries either due to increase in environmental or social pollutions. Infertility creates serious social and psychological problems. There are various exogenous and endogenous factors that seriously compromise male fertility. This review focuses in detail about male infertility andit’sassociated various etiological factors. Key words: Endogenous Etiology Exogenous Infertility Pollution
Male Infertility: Causes and Optimal Evaluation
2020
Objective: To find out the optimum evaluation tools for male infertility. Methods: Hinari database were searched for articles related to male infertility for review to find out how a male infertile patient can be evaluated optimally.EUA guidelines on Male Infertility and AUA best practice statement on Optimal Evaluation of the Infertile Male updated on 2010 were also considered for review. Results: Initially thirty five articles were obtained and finally twenty eight articles were considered for review. Some cross references were considered to be cited in the reference section. We have mentioned in this review the evaluation tools those are necessary for male factor infertility at the optimum. Conclusion : As male infertility problem are increasing so optimum evaluation should be carried out to diagnose every possible underlying cause.
Novel concepts in male infertility
2011
Extraordinary advances have been achieved in the field of male infertility in the last decades. There are new concepts in sperm physiology and several modern tools for the assessment of spermatogenesis kinetics in vivo. New tests using molecular biology and DNA damage assays allow the clinician to correctly diagnose men so far classified as having idiopathic male infertility. In the field of treatment, microsurgery has increased success rates either for reconstruction of the reproductive tract or the retrieval of spermatozoa for assisted conception. Emerging evidence suggests that lifestyle and environmental conditions are of utmost importance in male fertility and subfertility. This review discusses several concepts that have changed over the last years, such as the duration of the spermatogenic cycle in humans, Y-chromosome infertility, the reproductive potential of non-mosaic Klinefelter syndrome men, the impact of paternal age and sperm DNA in male infertility, the role of antioxidants in the treatment of infertile men, the predictive factors and techniques for sperm retrieval in non-obstructive azoospermia, and the microsurgical treatment of clinical varicoceles. Whenever possible, levels of evidence are provided as suggested by the Oxford Center of Evidence-based Medicine.