Influence of Wood Stacking Location on Forest Transport Costs (original) (raw)
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Optimization of Wood Supply: The Forestry Routing Optimization Model
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
The main purpose of this paper was to present the Forestry Routing Optimization Model (FRoM) as a version of the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). This work approaches for wood logistic problems consisting of simple displacement and multiple displacements of trucks toward the stands. The FRoM encompasses both steps into one single integer mixed linear programming model, considering cranes and trucks schedule, fleet reduction, reduction of overtime, reduction of half-load transportation, and approaching the minimum distance traveled along a fixed planning horizon. Some technique constraints were implemented to provide accurate model function. An executed real problem data was used to compare the outcomes. The objective was to carry and transport 21,881.82 tons of lumber from 10 stands using a total of 48 trucks and 5 cranes in a planning horizon of 6 days, which each day has 20 hours of effective work. The FRoM has performed a fleet reduction of 72.92%, eliminating overtime. It has reduced the half-load trips to the order of 3.17% of all routes. The crane's analysis allowed catching points of inefficiency due to operational idleness. The FRoM provided savings of 49.12% at all logistic costs. FRoM has shown to be a good option as a route optimizer for forestry logistics.
The objective of this study was to verify the potential of SNAP III (Scheduling and Network Analysis Program) as a support tool for harvesting and wood transport planning in Brazil harvesting subsystem definition and establishment of a compatible route were assessed. Initially, machine operational and production costs were determined in seven subsystems for the study area, and quality indexes, construction and maintenance costs of forest roads were obtained and used as SNAP III program input data. The results showed, that three categories of forest road occurrence were observed in the study area: main, secondary and tertiary which, based on quality index, allowed a medium vehicle speed of about 41, 30 and 24 km/hours and a construction cost of about US$ 5,084.30, US$ 2,275.28 and US$ 1,650.00/km, respectively. The SNAP III program used as a support tool for the planning, was found to have a high potential tool in the harvesting and wood transport planning. The program was capable of...
Journal of Forest Research, 2010
A forest road network in northeastern Italy was explored by field investigations to evaluate the cost of covering annual demand of woodchips according to three scenarios. The first scenario (A) considered the current extent of the forest road network (mainly tractor road) and the associated qualitative characteristics; the second scenario (B) evaluated the possibility of increasing the availability of the technical amount of forest biomass by extending the forest road network by three tractor roads (3.9 km); the third scenario (C) considered the impact on woodchip supply of converting 9.3 km of tractor forest road into truck forest road. At a woodchip price of 60 € t−1, the cost–supply curve of scenario C indicated a woodchip amount of 2886 t year−1, which was 561 t year−1 greater than scenario A and 161 t year−1 greater than scenario B.
Journal of Agricultural Informatics, 2014
ArcGIS software was used for timber harvesting planning in four (4) different mountainous forest areas of Peneda-Gerês National Park (PNPG), located in Northwest Portugal. Orographic characteristics, such as slope and watershed systems features were considered. The different manual and mechanical timber extraction and concentration methods were also considered. The different typologies of roads network to access forests were also introduced in the models. The analysis allowed identifying forest areas with different accessibilities and orographic restrictions. Performed analysis also allowed the planning of additional roads necessary for timber extraction optimization, considering optimized site-by-site timber extraction methods. The proposal of accessibility improvement through new roads construction was also considered important for forest fire prevention and for fire direct combat. However, the present proposal of accessibility improvement is merely an academic exercise because na...
2017
The transport of timber and biomass represents a significant proportion of the operational cost for the forest industry worldwide. This calls for optimization solutions so that companies can organize their transport operations and allocate resources efficiently, and reduce the impact of transport operations on the environment. This paper presents an extensive overview of the transport and biomass optimization problem in the forest industry. It provides a detailed description of mathematical solutions, including linear programming models and algorithms, to solve complex transportation planning problems involving annual, monthly and daily decisions. Also, the paper presents and describes two decision support tools, MCPLAN and FastTRUCK, which have been implemented to assist transport planners to optimize the flows of timber and biomass from the forest to mills and energy plants, and to schedule and route the trucks efficiently between these supply and demand points.
2017
The transport of timber and biomass represents a significant proportion of the operational cost for the forest industry worldwide. This calls for optimization solutions so that companies can organize their transport operations and allocate resources efficiently, and reduce the impact of transport operations on the environment. This paper presents an extensive overview of the transport and biomass optimization problem in the forest industry. It provides a detailed description of mathematical solutions, including linear programming models and algorithms, to solve complex transportation planning problems involving annual, monthly and daily decisions. Also, the paper presents and describes two decision support tools, MCPLAN and FastTRUCK, which have been implemented to assist transport planners to optimize the flows of timber and biomass from the forest to mills and energy plants, and to schedule and route the trucks efficiently between these supply and demand points.
iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry
An efficient and low-cost transportation network is necessary for sustainable management. Roading and log skidding are the most expensive and destructive operations in forest environment, unless carefully planned and evaluated. A transportation network has to be assessed and optimized to minimize the total cost of road construction and its environmental impact. The aim of this study was determining the optimum forest road network density, and evaluating the quantity and quality of the existing forest road network. In order to determine the optimum forest road network density, skidding cost, road construction and maintenance costs, and harvesting volume in each compartment were considered. Then optimum skidding distance was calculated with regard to optimum road density and total correction factors. The relative openness and efficiency coefficient of the existing forest road network were determined for the calculated optimum skidding distance, using ArcGIS. The results showed that the optimum road density, relative openness and road network efficiency coefficient were 21.5 m ha-1 , 90% and 32%, respectively. As a result, when the quality of a forest road network has to be evaluated, road network efficiency coefficient is more efficient than relative openness, that per se cannot be considered as an appropriate indicator.
Revista Árvore, 2003
The objective of this study was to verify the potential of SNAP III (Scheduling and Network Analysis Program) as a support tool for harvesting and wood transport planning in Brazil harvesting subsystem definition and establishment of a compatible route were assessed. Initially, machine operational and production costs were determined in seven subsystems for the study area, and quality indexes, construction and maintenance costs of forest roads were obtained and used as SNAP III program input data. The results showed, that three categories of forest road occurrence were observed in the study area: main, secondary and tertiary which, based on quality index, allowed a medium vehicle speed of about 41, 30 and 24 km/hours and a construction cost of about US$ 5,084.30, US$ 2,275.28 and US$ 1,650.00/km, respectively. The SNAP III program used as a support tool for the planning, was found to have a high potential tool in the harvesting and wood transport planning. The program was capable of defining efficiently, the harvesting subsystem on technical and economical basis, the best wood transport route and the forest road to be used in each period of the horizon planning.
Optimal Forest Road Density as Decision-Making Factor in Wood Extraction
Forests
Forest road construction projects mainly depend on factors related to terrain physiography, watershed, and wood harvesting. In the whole tree system, wood extraction is the activity most impacted by the density of forest roads, influencing the extraction distance. One of the alternatives is the optimal forest road density approach, which allows for the minimization of wood extraction costs and the optimization of the productive area. Given the above, the objective of this study was to analyze whether the optimal forest road density in areas of forests planted with eucalyptus allows for maximum productivity and the lowest cost of the road-wood extraction binomial in a whole tree system. The technical and economic analysis of wood extraction was based on the study of time, operational efficiency, productivity, and the cost of wood extraction with a grapple skidder. For the optimal forest road density, the cost of the wood extraction activity was considered, as well as the cost of cons...
Optimal forest transportation with respect to road investments
Forest Policy and Economics, 2003
This paper concerns roundwood transport on gravel roads. The forest sector in Sweden has identified the road quality as a major problem, in particular in the spring, when the ground is thawing. The model simultaneously optimizes roundwood transport and road investments on gravel roads. The model is a mixed-integer programming model, since the road accessibility variables need to be binary. Investments in surface roads, maintenance and construction of new roads are not included in the model. We test the model with a sample problem using a small area. With a simple heuristic method ‘near to optimal’ solutions are obtained in reasonable time. In the last section we make some concluding remarks and discuss future use of the model. Heuristics and aggregation are two different ways to solve the problem in reasonable time.