Influence of day-length and isolates of Phytophthora infestans on field resistance to late blight of potato (original) (raw)
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Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2010
Genetic resistance is a valuable tool in the fight against late blight of potatoes but little is known about the stability and specificity of quantitative resistance including the effect of defeated major resistance genes. In the present study we investigated the effect of different isolates of Phytophthora infestans on the mode of action of R Pi-ber , an R-gene originating from Solanum berthaultii. The experiments were conducted on progenies derived from two reciprocal inter-specific backcrosses of Solanum tuberosum and S. berthaultii. The plant-pathogen interaction was tested in diverse environments including field, greenhouse and growth chamber conditions. The R Pi-ber gene provided complete resistance against a US8 isolate of P. infestans in all trials. When isolates compatible with R Pi-ber were used for inoculation, a smaller, but significant resistance effect was consistently detected in the same map position as the R-gene. This indicates that this R-gene provides a residual resistance effect, and/or that additional resistance loci are located in this genomic region of chromosome X. Additional quantitative resistance loci (QRL) were identified in the analyzed progenies. While some of the QRL (such as those near TG130 on chromosome III) were effective against several isolates of the pathogen, others were isolate specific. With a single exception, the S. berthaultii alleles were associated with a decrease in disease severity. Resistance loci reported in the present study co-locate with previously reported R-genes and QRL to P. infestans and other pathogens.
Genetic Divergence for Late Blight Field Resistance Components and Morphological Traits
Potato Journal, 2004
Genetic divergence was studied in 60 potato genotypes belonging to wild / semicultivated Solanum species using ten morphological traits and four traits related to field resistance to Phytoplhora infeslans. Based on morphological traits, the genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The genotypes belonging to S. phureja, dihaploids and S. stoloniferum did not follow any trend since they were distributed in more than one cluster. Multivariate analysis based on late blight field resistance components divided the genotypes into five clusters. Of these, dusters II and III had maximum divergence ( D=36.08 ) suggesting that intermating between the genotypes included in these two clusters are likely to throw segregants with better resistance to late blight.
Crop Protection, 2015
Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, remains the most devastating disease in potato resulting in economic costs that sum up 5.2 billion euros, globally. The use of resistant varieties is a powerful, viable and environmentally friendly alternative or supplement for the current, commonly deployed chemical control strategies. In this study, we set out to improve the susceptible potato variety Desiree by transformation with single or multiple late blight (R) resistance genes. Rpi-sto1, Rpi-vnt1.1 and a stack of Rpi-sto1:Rpi-vnt1.1:Rpi-blb3, were transformed and eight, eight, and ten independent transformants (events) respectively, were selected because of absence of vector backbone, low T-DNA copy number, responsiveness to the cognate Avr effectors, P. infestans resistance in detached leaf assays (DLAs) and preliminary field experiments. The performance of the selected events was studied under field conditions in The Netherlands and Belgium, after P. infestans inoculation and/or to natural late blight infection during two consecutive growing seasons. All selected events were more resistant than the non-transformed susceptible reference clone. The different individual R genes, however, contributed to different levels of resistance. The selected events were also compared to conventionally bred late blight resistant varieties with (partially) known R gene content. Generally, it was found that plants with single R genes showed a lower level of resistance than plants with R gene stacks. Only the events harbouring three late blight R genes remained unaffected until the end of the growing season, in both locations and in both growing seasons.
Mapping Late Blight Resistance in Bitter
Crop Science, 2005
foliar late blight resistance in other populations (Collins et al., 1999; Sandbrink et al., 2000). Association between A diploid Solanum population was developed with the objective QTL conferring foliar late blight resistance, tuberizaof mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance tion, and vine maturity was found in four out of five to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, the causal organism of chromosomes (Ewing et al., 2000). The knowledge about late blight. The mapping population was a cross between a late blight resistant selection of Solanum microdontum Bitter and a susceptible late blight resistance associations with undesirable traits diploid breeding clone. The progeny of 109 clones and the parents is also of value before introgressing a new source of rewere field tested for foliar late blight reaction in 1999 and 2000 and sistance. for vine maturity in 2000 and 2001. Parents and progeny were geno-The South American diploid species S. microdontum typed with isozymes and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. A
Resistance of potato genotypes to late blight
Revista Caatinga
Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) is a serious problem in potato crops in southern Brazil due to favorable climatic conditions for the development of the pathogen and the lack of resistant cultivars available in the market. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the reaction of eight cultivars (Asterix, Catucha, BRS Clara, BRS F63 - Camila, Cristal, BRS F183 - Potira, Markies, and BRS Pérola) and five advanced clones (F05-11-03, F21-07-09, Odone 80-02, F50-08-01, and F63-10-07) to late bight under field conditions. The Agata and the clone CIP392.617-54 were used as susceptible and resistant controls, respectively. The experiments were conducted in the municipality of Pelotas, RS, in the autumn season of 2018 and 2019. Sixty days after planting, the plants were inoculated with the pathogen; and, after one week, the genotypes were evaluated for disease severity and the area under the disease progress curve. ‘Catucha’ was classified as resistant to moderately resistant to P. infestans; ...
American Journal of Potato Research
Late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary, is the most important disease of cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). An efficient long-term strategy for controlling late blight infection involves integration of host plant resistance to disease management programs. In this study, a diploid potato population segregating for late blight resistance was generated from an interspecific cross (MSX902) between S. tuberosum x S. chacoense hybrid (84SD22) and a late blight resistant Solanum berthaultii hybrid (Ber83). A total of 129 progeny and two parents were tested for foliar resistance against the US-23 P. infestans genotype using detached-leaf bioassays and inoculated field trials (2014 and 2015). Distribution of foliar late blight resistance and susceptibility was bimodal in both types of phenotype evaluation, suggesting a major R-gene may be associated with the resistance. A major QTL for late blight resistance on chromosome 10 was detected using both detached leaf bioassay and field trial data. The SNP marker solcap_snp_c1_15219 (26.5 cM) was at the peak of the QTL. Additionally, a minor QTL on chromosomes 5 was linked to SNPs solcap_snp_c1_3793. These SNP markers closely linked to the late blight resistance QTL can be used for marker-assisted breeding. Resumen El tizón tardío de la papa, causado por el oomiceto Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary, es la enfermedad mas importante de la papa cultivada (Solanum tuberosum L.). Una estrategia eficiente a largo plazo para controlar la infección del tizón tardío involucra la integración de la resistencia de la planta hospedante a programas de manejo a de la enfermedad. En este estudio, se generó una población diploide de papa segregante para resistencia al tizón tardío de una cruza interespecífica (MSX902) entre S. tuberosum x un híbrido de S. chacoense (84SD22) y un híbrido resistente al tizón tardío de Solanum berthaultii (Ber83). Se probaron un total de 129 progenies y dos progenitores para resistencia foliar al genotipo US-23 de P. infestans usando el bioensayo de hoja desprendida y ensayos de campo inoculados (2014 y 2015). La distribución de la resistencia foliar al tizón tardío y la susceptibilidad fue bimodal en ambos tipos de evaluación fenotípica, lo que sugiere que un gene R mayor pudiera estar asociado con la resistencia. Se detectó un QTL mayor para la resistencia al tizón tardío en el cromosoma 10 usando tanto los datos del bioensayo de hoja desprendida como los de ensayos de campo. El marcador SNP solcap_snp_c1_15219 (26.5 cM) estaba en la punta del QTL. Adicionalmente, se ligó a un QTL menor en el cromosoma 5 a SNPs solcap_snp_c1_3793. Estos marcadores SNP muy cercanamente ligados al QTL de resistencia al tizón tardío pueden usarse para el mejoramiento asistido con marcadores.
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2006
The R10 and R11 late blight differentials of Black (tetraploid clones 3681ad1 and 5008ab6) were crossed with the susceptible potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivar Maris Piper and the progeny were assessed for blight resistance in a whole plant glasshouse test using race 1,2,3,4,6,7 of Phytophthora infestans. The disease scores for the R10 population displayed a continuous distribution whereas the progeny in the R11 population could be categorised as resistant or susceptible. A bulk segregant analysis using amplified fragment length polymorphism assays was done on the ten most resistant and ten most susceptible progeny in each population and two closely linked markers were found to be associated with resistance. R11 mapped to 8.5 cM from marker PAG/MAAG_172.3 and R10 mapped as a quantitative trait locus in which marker PAC/MATC_264.1 explained 56.9% of the variation in disease scores. The results were consistent with R10 and R11 being allelic versions of genes at the R3 locus on chromosome 11. The implications are discussed for mapping R-genes which fail to give complete immunity to a pathogen.
American Journal of Potato Research, 2022
Late blight (LB) is the main potato disease worldwide and one of the most important ways to control it is the use of resistant varieties. Twenty-two potato clones from the B3 breeding population developed by the International Potato Center with high resistance to the disease and two susceptible controls were inoculated with four Peruvian complex isolates (POX67, PPA61, PLL69, and PPI112) of Phytophthora infestans, with complex virulence on potato. Whole plant inoculation assays were carried out under greenhouse and humid chamber conditions in Lima, Peru, and data obtained were correlated with data from field assays carried out in Oxapampa (Pasco), a CIP breeding site in the Peruvian rain forest. High significant correlations (α = 0.01) were found in the resistance to LB shown by potato clones, the values of the correlations under greenhouse conditions between the isolates POX67, PPA61, and PLL69 with the resistance in the field were r = 0.93, 0.92 and 0.80, respectively and under hu...
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2008
This study investigated local adaptation of Phytophthora infestans populations, the causal agent of potato late blight, to two susceptible potato cultivars, each grown for a number of years and over large areas in separate French regions. We measured aggressiveness (quantitative pathogenicity) of each pathogen population to sympatric and allopatric hosts in a reciprocal cross-inoculation experiment. There was no evidence for specific host adaptation in this pathosystem. At both local and regional scales, the distribution of aggressiveness fits a pattern of adaptation to the most common host genotype. Our observations support the theoretical predictions that large pathogen dispersal rates and genetic drift, revealed by the comparisons of the genotypic structures of the populations tested, can lead to a local adaptation pattern detectable only at a large spatial scale. The unravelling of adaptive patterns at different spatial scales can be used for a more efficient management of the disease.