Losing face: Sources of stigma as perceived by chronic facial pain patients (original) (raw)
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Internalized Stigma in People Living With Chronic Pain
The Journal of Pain, 2014
Although persistent pain occurs in a sociocultural context, the influence of personal devaluation and invalidation is often neglected. As such, the present study sought to consider whether individuals' experience, perception, or anticipation of negative social reactions to their pain may become internalized and affect the self. To examine this issue, 92 adults with chronic pain responded to a questionnaire exploring the presence of internalized stigma and its association with a range of psychological consequences. As predicted, a large percentage of people with chronic pain (38%) endorsed the experience of internalized stigma. The results showed that internalized stigma has a negative relationship with self-esteem and pain self-efficacy, after controlling for depression. Internalized stigma was also associated with cognitive functioning in relation to pain, in terms of a greater tendency to catastrophize about pain and a reduced sense of personal control over pain. Overall, this study presents a new finding regarding the application of internalized stigma to a chronic pain population. It offers a means of extending our understanding of chronic pain's psychosocial domain. Implications are discussed in terms of the potential to inform clinical treatment and resiliency into the future.
Psychosocial profiles of diagnostic subgroups of temporomandibular disorder patients
European Journal of Oral Sciences, 2008
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) embrace a number of clinical conditions that involve the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), or both (1). Most commonly, these clinical conditions are pain in the TMJ and masticatory muscles, limitations in the range of mandibular movement, and TMJ noises (clicking and crepitus) during mandibular function. Chronic pain is the most serious problem in this patient clientele, making the prevention and management of persistent pain the most important clinical challenge.
Decreasing the stigma burden of chronic pain
Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 2013
To describe stigmatizing experiences in a group of Mexican-American women with chronic pain and provide clinical implications for decreasing stigma. This focused ethnographic study derived data from semistructured interviews, participant observations, and fieldwork. Participants provided detailed descriptions of communicating about chronic pain symptoms, treatment, and management. The sample consisted of 15 English-speaking Mexican-American women 21-65 years old (average age = 45.6 years) who had nonmalignant chronic pain symptoms for 1 year or more. The cultural and social norm in the United States is the expectation for objective evidence (such as an injury) to be present if a pain condition exists. In this study, this norm created suspicion and subsequent stigmatization on the part of family, co-workers, and even those with the pain syndromes, that the painful condition was imagined instead of real. To decrease stigmatization of chronic pain, providers must understand their own m...
Journal of oral & facial pain and headache
To propose a visual method to screen and assess psychosocial functioning in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain patients in comparison with age- and gender-matched healthy controls by forming individual profiles and to evaluate the association between psychosocial profiles and quantitative sensory testing (QST) findings of TMD pain patients. TMD patients (n = 58) and control participants (n = 41) completed a set of questionnaires profiling their psychosocial function, and QST was performed at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) on both sides of the face in all participants. Psychosocial parameters from the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD), Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) instruments were transformed into T scores, and QST parameters were transformed into z scores based on reference data. Group differences for psychosocial T scores were analyzed with t tests. T scores of psychosocial parameters and z scores of QST parameters were ...
2008
General introduction Chapter 2 Is there an association between psychological factors and the Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 (CRPS1)? A systematic review Chapter 3 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 (CRPS1): Prospective study on 596 patients with a fracture Chapter 4 The association between psychological factors and the development of the Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 (CRPS1)-a prospective multicenter study Chapter 5 The predictive value of personality for the Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 (CRPS1)a prospective multicenter study Chapter 6 A prospective study on the relation between psychological factors and the course of symptoms related to the Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1-a clinical-empirical exploration Chapter 7 Skin surface temperature to differentiate between Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 fracture patients and fracture patients with and without symptoms Chapter 8 Conclusion and general discussion Summary Samenvatting Dankwoord Curriculum Vitae CONTENTS General introduction CHAPTER 1 Breaking the Stigma 12 1 Figure 1.1 Aspects of CRPS1 and the corresponding chapters of this thesis logical states and CRPS1, while chapter five addresses the association between psychological traits and CRPS1. Chapter six discusses the relationship between psychological factors (kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, and depression) and the course of disuse-related CRPS1 symptoms. This chapter It provides the basis for psychological interventions in the chronification of CRPS1. Chapter seven discusses the application of an objective diagnostic tool in patients with CRPS1 (i.e., infrared thermography to register skin surface temperature), and chapter eight provides an overview of the results of the studies described in this thesis, discussing the implications of research on CRPS1. In addition, this final chapter includes recommendations for future studies. CRPS: A MODEL DISEASE CRPS1 is a model disease in which the functioning of the nervous system in patients with chronic pain can be studied. Therefore, information on CRPS1 can also be of importance for other diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, in which inflammation and central sensitization can also play an important role 28 ; this response of the nervous system in patients with CRPS is more pronounced and therefore easier to study. General introduction 13 CHAPTER 1 22. Taskaynatan MA, Balaban B, Karlidere T, Ozgul A, Tan AK, Kalyon TA. Factitious disorders encountered in patients with the diagnosis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
Psychological factors in temporomandibular joint dysfunction pain. A review
International journal of oral surgery, 1985
Psychological factors are involved in TMJ dysfunction but much previous research has tried to identify single personality factors. Multiple factors, however, are involved. These can be divided into 2 main groups: external social factors and the innate psychiatric state of the patient. The concepts involved and their measurement by life events and illness behaviour questionnaires are discussed. The clinical importance of this to the oral surgeon is emphasised, in relation to the patient who fails to respond to conservative therapy and for whom TMJ surgery is planned. Some of these difficult patients may be less well socially integrated than the majority of TMJ patients.
Social impairment of individuals suffering from different types of chronic orofacial pain
Progress in Orthodontics, 2014
Background: The daily life of patients suffering from orofacial pain is considerably impaired as compared to healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different categories of orofacial pain on the habitual life of adult individuals. Methods: Seven hundred eighty-one individuals with orofacial pain were recruited from an initial sample of 1,058 patients. All the individuals were allocated to groups according to their diagnosis: myofascial pain (group A, 676 subjects, 525 females and 151 males; mean age ± SD = 35.2 ± 12.6), migraine (group B, 39 subjects, 29 females and 10 males; mean age ± SD 36.0 ± 10.7), and both myofascial pain and migraine (group C, 66 subjects, 56 females and 10 males, mean age ± SD = 35.6 ± 10.8). Characteristic pain intensity (CPI), disability days (DD), disability score (DS), and graded chronic pain intensity (GCPS) were calculated according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) axis II. Depression and somatization (nonspecific physical symptoms) scores were also calculated. Results: A significant association between groups and GCPS categories was found (p < 0.0001). Post hoc tests showed a significant difference between groups A and B and between A and C, but not between B and C. In group A, the most frequent GCPS score was grade II. The most frequent GCPS score in groups B and C was grade III, indicating a moderate limiting impairment. This score was more frequent in group B (41%) than in the other groups (group A = 20.6%, group C = 34.8%). GCPS grade IV was more frequent in group C (19.7%) than in the other groups. Group C had significantly higher scores for nonspecific physical symptoms than group A (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Myofascial pain and migraine sensibly affect the common daily life of adult individuals. The comorbidity of both conditions determines a major impairment.
RSBO
The inf luence of psychological factors on temporomandibular disorders (TMD), such as depression, anxiety and stress has been very discussed in literature. However, there is no consensus about their influence on the clinical manifestation of TMD. Objective: To evaluate the evolution of minor psychiatric disorders and pain symptoms in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) treated with occlusal splints and rehabilitated with dental prosthesis. Material and methods: Sixty volunteers, both genders, aging from 20 to 65 years, diagnosed with TMD, were randomly selected within the university’s patient databank. The volunteers were divided into two groups: G1 - 30 males and G2 - 30 females. The volunteers underwent a standard clinical evaluation for TMD diagnosis. Psychological evaluations were performed through Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), before and after 24 months of treatment. TMD treatment comprised occlusal splints and rehabilitated with dental prosthesis. ...