Evaluation of Hot Mix Asphalt moisture sensitivity using the Nottingham Asphalt Test equipment (original) (raw)
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Stripping in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) is assessed by AASHTO T 283 using the indirect tensile strength test. The Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) is used as the criteria for strength retention after sample conditioning. In recent years, the Dynamic Modulus E* test, conducted per AASHTO TP 62-03 has gained wider use in the pavement community. This is because it is a major input into the Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG), and is also being used as a simple performance test indicator.
Evaluation of moisture susceptibility of hot mix asphalt
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICSAS) 2019
The infrastructure construction in Indonesia has been extensively growing, especially the construction of new road networks to connect major cities. Road pavement is an expensive infrastructure, and hence, it is important to ensure that the pavement layers can last until its designed lifetime. Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) pavement is one of the most commonly used type of pavement. However, the HMA pavements are often found with water-related distresses at an early stage, and hence, the pavement will not be able to last, while Indonesia is a tropical country and has a relatively high groundwater level in some major cities. Therefore, it is necessary to study an additive that could help in improving the moisture susceptibility of HMA layers. This study aims to provide an evaluation of moisture susceptibility of HMA pavements with the addition of waterproofing additives, including Wetfix-BE, and Wetbond-SP. Three tests were conducted to assess the moisture susceptibility, which are Marshall, Cantabro Loss, and Indirect Tensile Strength tests. It was found that both additives worked well in helping the HMA samples to be more resistant to water, although the samples with the additional of Wetbond-SP had a better performance than the samples with Wetfix-BE added.
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h i g h l i g h t s In case of ITS sat all first, second and interactive terms were significant. In case of ITS dry and TSR the interactive term of PPSS 4.75 mm-Sasobit was not significant. In saturated WMA specimens, hydrated lime acts positively both as a filler and as an anti-stripping agent. Lime content has the greatest effect on TSR increase, compared with other parameters.
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This research study was designed to evaluate several options for using the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA) to assess the moisture damage potential of HMA mixtures. The options which were of interest in this study were specimen type (beams or cylinders), load application type (direct contact with steel wheels or loading through pneumatic hoses), conditioning of samples prior to testing (saturation & freeze/thaw or no conditioning) and testing condition (dry or submerged in water). Several response variables were also considered for assessing mixture stripping including specimen deformation (rut depth), the secondary deformation slope, stripping inflection point and a variety of ratios of wet to dry and/or conditioned to unconditioned companion sets.
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International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2012
Moisture damage in flexible pavements might cause stripping in asphalt pavements and ultimately result in premature failure. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) technology as a means to decrease the energy consumption and emissions associated with conventional hot mix asphalt production is broadly being used recently. However, the utilisation of the hydrated lime and liquid anti-strip additives in WMA mixtures makes these issues more complicated. The objective of this study was to investigate and evaluate the moisture susceptibility of mixtures containing anti-stripping agents (ASAs) and WMA additives after long-term saturated durations. The experimental design for this study included the utilisations of one binder source (PG 64-22), three ASA additives and control, two WMA additives and hot mix, and three aggregate sources. A total of 36 types of mixtures and 540 specimens were fabricated and tested in this study. The performed properties included indirect tensile strength (ITS), tensile strength ratio, flow and toughness. The results indicated that the aggregate source has an effect on dry ITS and flow values but had no effect on wet ITS, wet flow and toughness values. In addition, hot mixture generally had higher dry and wet ITS values, and there were significant differences in flow and toughness values between hot and warm mixtures. Moreover, the hydrated lime exhibited the best moisture resistance in WMA mixtures; the liquid ASA additives could increase the ITS values of mixtures but exhibited a weak moisture resistance in this study. Furthermore, the storage and saturated duration generally had no effect on ITS values, and statistical analysis results did not show any differences among these mixtures.
Moisture Damage Performance Tests of Asphalt Mixtures: A Review
This paper presents a comprehensive literature on moisture damage performance tests of asphalt mixtures. The moisture damage remains to be a detriment to the durability of the Hot Mix Asplhalt (HMA) pavements. Moisture damage can be defined in form of adhesive failure between bitumen and aggregates and cohesive failure within bitumen. Aggregate mineralogy, bitumen characteristic and anti-stripping additive dominantly influence the performance of asphalt mixture towards moisture damage alongside construction methods, climate and traffic loading. Various laboratory test methods have been developed to quantify the moisture damage performance of asphalt mixtures by resembles the action in the field including qualitative test such as Boiling Water Test (ASTM D3625) and quantitative tests (Modified Lottman test AASHTO T283). Both of these types of tests consist of two phase which is conditioning phase and evaluation phase. This paper will review the effectiveness of the selected available tests based on various asphalt mixtures material.
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2023
Evaluation of a mixture's moisture sensitivity is currently the final step in the Superpave® volumetric process. This step is accomplished by using AASHTO T-283, which tolerates a range of values in the test variables of sample air voids and degree of saturation. The tensile strength ratios determined for the mixes in this study varied with the air void level and degree of saturation. Although the levels of conditioning were within the specifications for AASHTO T-283, test results both passed and failed the 80 percent criterion, depending on the severity of conditioning. An alternative to measuring indirect tensile strength is a test that evaluates a mixture's fundamental material properties. A relatively simple test is proposed that measures the cohesion and friction angle for asphalt mixtures. In addition, the Superpave shear tester (SST) was incorporated as a tool in evaluating moisture sensitivity. The proposed axial test determined the cohesion and angle of friction of the mix. The friction angle remained constant for the conditioned and unconditioned samples. Hence, conditioning of the samples had practically no effect on the mixture's internal friction. The cohesion of the mix decreased when the mix was subjected to conditioning. The reduction in cohesion was greater in the case of the Fountain aggregate, which is known to be highly moisture susceptible. The shear tests to failure performed on the SST confirmed the results of the new apparatus, which provides a simple method for determining a mixture's cohesion. The loss of cohesion due to conditioning can be used to determine a mixture's moisture susceptibility. The three antistrip additives used in this study were hydrated lime, a liquid amine, and a liquid phosphate ester.
Construction and Building Materials, 2020
h i g h l i g h t s A pure case study (tests on loose as well as compacted asphalt mixture) was performed to access moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixture. Three different type of anti-stripping modifiers and aggregate sources were selected to prepare the asphalt mixture. Filler and chemical based modifiers were found relatively better than waste plastic modifiers. Moisture damage index shows a strong correlation between qualitative and quantitative test regime to access moisture damage of asphalt mixtures.