Using the model of the solar cell for determining the maximum power point of photovoltaic systems (original) (raw)
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IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2013
This paper proposes a technique for accelerating the convergence to the maximum power point of photovoltaic (PV) systems based on the model obtained from manufacturer's generator data. The influence of the temperature over the PV array performance is considered, and no measurement of solar radiation is required. Knowledge of the load model and expensive sensor circuitry are not necessary. The tracking speed is much faster than non model-based techniques at the expense of an increase in the computational complexity. Simulation and experimental results are presented and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solution.
New Accurate Model to Estimate Maximum Power of Photovoltaic Modules and Arrays
Quantitative information regarding the maximum power point (MPP) of photovoltaic (PV) arrays is crucial for determining and controlling their operation. Accurate knowledge of the MPP for PV arrays is essential for the design and operation of grid-connected PV power systems under varied atmospheric conditions. The usual methods for tracking the MPP of PV arrays suffer from a serious problem that the MPP cannot be quickly acquired. Therefore, a simple and effective mathematical model to obtain the MP output in real time under all possible system conditions is indispensable to the development of a feasible PV generation system. We developed a new prediction model for directly estimating MPP for power tracking in PV arrays. The proposed model is a simple approach that takes the effect of solar cell resistances into consideration. The performance of the proposed model was evaluated at various temperatures and irradiation intensities.
High-accuracy maximum power point estimation for photovoltaic arrays
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2011
Quantitative information regarding the maximum power point (MPP) of photovoltaic (PV) arrays is crucial for determining and controlling their operation, yet it is difficult to obtain such information through direct measurements. PV arrays exhibit an extremely nonlinear current-voltage (I-V) characteristic that varies with many complex factors related to the individual cells, which makes it difficult to ensure an optimal use of the available solar energy and to achieve maximum power output in real time. Finding ways to obtain the maximum power output in real time under all possible system conditions are indispensable to the development of feasible PV generation systems. The conventional methods for tracking the MPP of PV arrays suffer from a serious problem that the MPP cannot be quickly acquired. Based on the p-n junction semiconductor theory, we develop a prediction method for directly estimating the MPP for power tracking in PV arrays. The proposed method is a new and simple approach with a low calculation burden that takes the resistance effect of the solar cells into consideration. The MPP of PV arrays can be directly determined from an irradiated I-V characteristic curve. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by examining the characteristics of the MPP of PV arrays depending on both the temperature and irradiation intensity, and the results are discussed in detail. Such performance is also tested using the field data. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method helps in the optimization of the MPP control model in PV arrays.
Model based rapid maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic systems
This paper presents a novel approach for tracking the maximum power point of photovoltaic (PV) systems so as to extract maximum available power from PV modules. Unlike conventional methods, a very fast tracking response with virtually no steady state oscillations is able to obtain in tracking the maximum power point. To apply the proposed method, firstly, output voltages, output currents under different conditions and temperat ures of a PV module are collected for the fitting of environmental invariant nonlinear model for the PV system. Orthogo nal least squares estimation algorithm coupled with the forward searching algorithm is applied to sort through all possible candidate terms resulted from the expansion of a polynomial model and to come up with a parsimonious model for the PV system. It is not necessary to test all PV modules as the resultant model is valid for other modules. The power delivered by the PV system can be derived from the fitted model and the maximum power point for the PV system at any working conditions can be obtained from the fitted model. Consequently, rapid maximum power point tracking could be achieved. Experimental results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the fitted model in maximum power point trackin g. Crown
A review study of photovoltaic array maximum power tracking algorithms
There are numerous maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms for improving the energy efficiency of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. The main differences between these algorithms are digital or analog implementation, simplicity of the design, sensor requirements, convergence speed, range of effectiveness, as well as hardware costs. Therefore, choosing the right algorithm is very important to the users, because it affects the electrical efficiency of PV system and reduces the costs by decreasing the number of solar panels needed to get the desired power. This paper provides the comparison of 62 different techniques used in tracking the maximum power based on literature survey. This paper is intended to be a reference for PV systems users.
In this work we present the characteristics of a solar module. The results show that the maximum power generated depends on the intensity of the sun and the temperature radiation. The module provides the maximum available power must constantly adapt to the load with the PV generator. This adaptation can be achieved by inserting a DC-DC converter controlled by a tracking mechanism "Maximum Power Point Tracking" (MPPT). We also present a study on the DC-DC converters and MPPT control to find the point where the power of the PV generator is maximum. In this paper, we presented briefly some techniques of MPPT control as the increment of inductance algorithm, perturbation observation, neural networks, fuzzy and the neuro fuzzy logic and the control by a microcontroller.
A new algorithm for rapid tracking of approximate maximum power point in photovoltaic systems
IEEE Power Electronics Letters, 2004
This paper presents a new algorithm for tracking maximum power point in photovoltaic systems. This is a fast tracking algorithm, where an initial approximation of maximum power point is (MPP) quickly achieved using a variable step-size. Subsequently, the exact maximum power point can be targeted using any conventional method like the hill-climbing or incremental conductance method. Thus, the drawback of a fixed small step-size over the entire tracking range is removed, resulting in reduced number of iterations and much faster tracking compared to conventional methods. The strength of the algorithm comes from the fact that instead of tracking power, which does not have a one-to-one relationship with duty cycle, it tracks an intermediate variable , which has a monotonically increasing, one-to-one relationship. The algorithm has been verified on a photovoltaic system modeled in Matlab-Simulink software. The algorithm significantly improves the efficiency during the tracking phase as compared to a conventional algorithm. It is especially suitable for fast changing environmental conditions. The proposed algorithm can be implemented on any fast controller such as the digital signal processor. All the details of this study are presented.
Review of the modern techniques of Maximum Power Point Tracking for the solar photovoltaic systems
The energy generation of a solar photovoltaic (SPV) system is directly dependent on solar radiation intensity and its availability. The energy generation from the PV module is also affected due to climatic parameters such as ambient temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind and dust. To extract the maximum power from PV array Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is applied. At varying operating conditions, MPPT algorithms automatically detect the maximum power and supply to the load. In the present paper ten different MPPT techniques have been identified and analyzed. These different techniques have been well developed in the papers individually. In the present study a comprehensive review of popular MPPT techniques is presented.
Comparison of Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for Different Types of Photovoltaic Models
The International Conference on Electrical Engineering, 2010
Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the PV array output power by tracking continuously the maximum power point (MPP) which depends on panel's temperature and on irradiance conditions. For low-cost implementations, four methods are introduced in this paper in a comparative study: Hill Climbing/the perturb and observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (IncCond), Fractional Open-Circuit Voltage and Fractional Short-Circuit Current maximum power point tracking algorithms. These are the most commonly used methods due their implementation ease. In this paper, models of different types of photovoltaic such as Single-crystalline, Polycrystalline and Amorphous are implemented and compared based on their characteristics and their MPP tracking efficiency. "MATLAB R2008a" facilities are used for simulation and modeling of different methods of MPPT tracking on different types of PV models mentioned above.
Applied Sciences, 2017
This work proposes a new analytical model to extract the 1-Diode/2-Resistor solar cell/panel equivalent circuit parameters. The methodology is based on a reduced amount of experimentally measured information: short-circuit current, the slope of the I-V curve at that point, the open-circuit voltage, and the current and voltage levels, together with the slope of the I-V curve at the instantaneous operation point. This procedure is specially designed to analyze the performance of autonomous photovoltaic systems, which are most of the primary sources for spacecraft power. Results show good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, this methodology allows for fast and accurate I-V curve maximum power point (MPP) identification.