Land availability and joint family household in Civil Slavonia according to the cameral census from 1736 [Acta Histriae, 2013] (original) (raw)
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Ruralia XII: Settlement change across medieval Europe, 2019
Until recently in Croatian archaeology, research of medieval rural settlements was very rarely a subject of scientific interest. Over the past 15 years, extensive protective excavations have been carried out intensively on the routes of future motorways. Large areas have now been explored, which has led to new and more-accurate insights into medieval rural settlements, but there is still a need for the systematic publication of research. The settlements are dated from the Early Middle Ages to the Early Modern Age. Dispersed and nucleated settlements prevailed among the several types of rural settlements during the reigns of the Árpád and Angevin dynasties. This paper discusses the transformation of rural settlements in Slavonia with reference to numerous examples. An earlier group of dispersed settlements, dated from the 10th to 13th centuries, was characterized by occasional dispersed structures, a small number of pits, and hearths. The buildings are characterized as dwellings and/or working buildings. They were built in the form of huts with steep roofs. Settlements dated from the 13th and 14th centuries to the first half of the 16th century show different features. They consist of larger dwellings with the remains of posts combined with postholes and hearths. Different types of settlements are represented among these buildings; from single-spaced structures that are reminiscent of earlier periods, to the multi-spaced buildings with house plots. This period is characterized by the development of a fixed plot system. Organized compact settlements replaced the former dispersed and isolated ones, and are connected to the reorganization of the field system. Settlements established during the 15th century have been recorded and their existence has been established, even after the Ottoman conquest of Slavonia. By the shape of the structures and their organization they indicate continuity from the Middle Ages.
Biblioteca di Studi Slavistici, 2017
The present book addresses a wide range of problems concerning the history of Eastern Slavic culture in its interaction with cultural models of Western Europe. This collective work is the final result of the French-Italian conference “Fratture e integrazioni tra Russia, mondo slavo orientale e Occidente. Storia e civiltà letteraria dal Medioevo all’epoca contemporanea” (University of Florence, April 16-17, 2015): the complexity of cultural relations between Russia, the Slavic East and the European West is analysed by enhancing the variety of points of view and by using different methodological approaches and perspectives provided by different fields of study. Here, new materials and new analytical methods are presented, useful for studying the complex interactions between the Western cultural tradition and the Eastern Slavic one from the Middle Ages to the present day. The “fractures” and “integrations” are identified through critical reading or rereading of texts, works and authors...
Fokt K. Slavic Ethnopolities: A few Remarks on the «Tribal Question» as Answer to the Questionnaire of «Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana»// Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana. № 1(19). 2016. C. 32-37.
The texts attempts to answer the questions raised by the Editors of «Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana» in their questionnaire, focusing on the Western Slavdom. The main assumptions of the paper is that there is no definition of Slavic tribe that would correspond directly with the past reality. Due to the scarcity of sources we are condemned to use some conventionalized terms instead and that is how the term «tribe» functions for the Western Slavdom: as de facto synonym of the notions of «ethnos» or «people». Therefore, almost every social group which had some common name that could have been comprehended as an ethnonym — only apart from the huge dynastic polities which finally evolved into early states — may be called a «tribe» in the present Polish, Czech or German scholarship. In the paper, attempts were made also to divide the Western Slavdom into four distinctive zones representing various patterns of ethnopolitical structures: the «limes» zone (filled with gentes comparable to other gentile peoples of late Antiquity and early Middle Ages), the interior (dominated probably by some segmentary societies being not very active in warfare and trade and for a long time remaining «invisible» for the sources as ethnopolitical structures), the maritime area (early active in trade and warfare but not divided — as far as we know — into peoples/tribes) and the transition zone between the «limes» and interior areas (embracing both Lusatias and the left-bank Silesia). ***** "Славянские этнополитические организмы: Несколько замечаний о «племенном вопросе» в качестве ответов на вопросы журнала «Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana»": В статье предпринята попытка ответить на вопросы о славянских «племенах», поднятые журналом «Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana», сфокусировав при этом внимание на западных славянах. Автор исходит из того, что в настоящее время нет ни одного определения славянского племени, которое бы прямо соответствовало реалиям прошлого. Из-за скудости источников мы вынуждены вместо этого использовать условные термины. При этом термин «племя» применительно к западным славянам de facto используется как синоним понятий «этнос» или «народ». Вследствие этого почти каждая социальная единица, обладавшая каким-либо общим названием, которое может пониматься как этноним (за исключением лишь больших династических политий, эволюционировавших в конце концов в ранние государства) может в современной польской, чешской или немецкой науке именоваться «племенем». В статье также предпринята попытка разделить западное славянство на четыре отдельные зоны, представлявшие различные модели этнополитических структур: зону «лимеса» (где находились «gentes», сопоставимые с другими гентильными организмами поздней античности и раннего Средневековья), внутреннюю зону (где находились по преимуществу сегментированные общества, не проявлявшие заметной активности в военном деле и торговле и долгое время остававшиеся «невидимыми» авторам дошедших до нас источников в качестве этнополитических структур), приморскую зону (рано вовлеченную в торговлю и военное дело, но не разделенную, насколько нам известно, на «народы»/«племена»), а также переходную зону между областями «лимеса» и внутренними территориями (охватывавшую Лужицы и левобережную Силезию).
2010
The Anastasia movement is one of the New Age environmentalist phenomena, which originated around 1997 in the central part of Russia and is currently spreading to Europe. Russian and Lithuanian Anastasians' understanding and definition of space -both secular and religious -result in the "creation of Love Spaces", namely Family Homesteads about one hectare in size (which are set up in various places around the cities of Russia and Lithuania), which are conceived as linking "a person, Nature, and cosmos". The 'Love Space' provides a context for an alternative system (related to ecology, homeland and opposite to eschatologically understood technocratic 'system') of individual social structures. The findings are based on data obtained from fieldwork carried out over a four-year period (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) in Lithuania and a two-year period (2008)(2009) in Russia, including participant observation and interviews with respondents in both countries.
Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana, 2016
The questions raised by the Editors of «Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana», concerning the character of early medieval Slavic tribes, are extremely important and the method of a questionnaire seems very adequate to revive and boost the scholarly discussion on that crucial topic. In face of the variety of methodological orientations and scholarly traditions in different Slavic as well as non-Slavic countries it would be of crucial importance to try to bring those traditions together in order to prepare some common platform for further disputes and at least an attempt of common vocabulary describing the past realities. In the few following paragraphs, I will try to answer shortly the questions kindly sent to me by the Editors, basing mostly on my knowledge of the Western Slavdom, hoping for reaction from the Colleagues from other countries.
There is a very small number of Serbs in Dalmatia today. The wars which took place in this area influenced their emigration, mostly to Serbia. They brought along their customs and culture which are slowly being forgotten by their descendants under the influence of modern values. This paper should provide the reader with a glimpse of the most significant ethnological characteristics of Orthodox peasants from the area of Vrlika in North Dalmatia at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century which were passed on to their descendants. The greatest value of this paper lies in the fact that the major source of literature is oral tradition passed on by people born in the rough Dalmatian region. *
Families and households of the poor: The 19th-century Slovenian gostači
The History of the Family, 2005
The present study examines the position of day laborers, a social category still awaiting comparative study by family historians. In 19th-century Slovenian sources these laborers, called gostači, were a very mobile group that did not own property; they could be married or single and could be involved in various occasional jobs, agricultural or industrial, skilled or unskilled. By comparing two communities (one agrarian, the other centered on iron production), the study shows that the living and working arrangements of gostači were profoundly affected by the economy and by natural resources. They therefore developed different residential patterns, though in neither case did their families constitute a part of the owner's sub-household in the Laslettian sense. The study concludes that in the 19th century this poor social group should not be treated as a homogenous workforce but as flexible and dynamic. D
ISSN 2613-7844 (print), 2613-7852 (pdf), 2022
ple in Germany, and Mariyanka Borisova Zhekova (Sofia, Bulgaria) presents forms of Bulgarian national consolidation in the Maghreb country, namely, a Bulgarian school, a folklore dance ensemble, and cultural events organised by the Bulgarian community in Morocco. Irina Dushakova (Moscow, Russia), just like T. Matanova, addresses prominent historical figures and their perception by our contemporaries in her article on Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and the way his personality and memory of his deeds are framed by the Russian media. Politics and religion are at the centre of the study presented by Yuliia Uzun and Svitlana Koch (Odesa, Ukraine). The researchers analyse the religious legislation of Baltic and Balkan countries and consider the changes in state-religion relations of the last two decades. The article by Evgenia Troeva (Sofia, Bulgaria) also deals with the changes that occurred in European culture in the last decade of the twentieth century and later. She addresses the topic of apocalyptic expectations in Bulgarian society and shows the palette of the modern images of the future, concluding that secular apocalypticism is coming to the fore. The last article of this section was prepared by Monika Balikienė, Jurgita Dečiunienė and Vytautas Navickas (Vilnius, Lithuania). In their study of the traditional taboo in Lithuania, the authors demonstrate how generational change reveals itself in the cultural lexicon with the change of living conditions, the image system and family relations. The second part of the volume, under the generalising title "The Ritual Year in the Context of Changing Rules" begins with the contribution of Oleksandr Ganchev and Oleksandr Prigarin (Odesa, Ukraine) on the fluctuations in the seasonality of births and marriages among Bessarabian Bulgarians. The authors lead us to the field of historical demography while establishing links with the issues relevant to the studies of traditional culture (those of family rites). This article serves as a bridge connecting the discussions held during the fourth Balkan and Baltic conference and the other five proceedings of the two panels organised by the Ritual Year Working Group at the 15th SIEF Congress. The next four articles are written in a diachronic key and consider transformations of the traditional rituals and symbols in different Balkan and Baltic countries. The issues related to birth and marriage are analysed by O. Ganchev and O. Prigarin and are also addressed by Rasa Paukštytė-Šaknienė in her study of Lithuanian material. She scrutinises the ritual actions with two key participants of these events (a midwife and a matchmaker) and shows the development of respective rituals in the historical perspective. Introduction Natalia Golant (St. Petersburg, Russia) centres her research on a symbolic object-a shirt made by Romanians in ritual circumstances to combat plagueand considers the changes in its functions and perceptions over time, while Alexander Novik (St. Petersburg, Russia) considers the border between the sacral and the profane, examining diachronic relations within the Albanian community. The transformation of ethnological terminology in Lithuania is considered by Dalia Senvaitytė (Kaunas, Lithuania). The final article of this section by Mare Kõiva and Andres Kuperjanov (Tartu, Estonia) is devoted to the transformation of roles between a student and a teacher in the context of Estonian Teachers' Day. In the closing section of the volume the reader will learn about the Bulgarian conference on the ethnology of socialism and will enjoy the short essays on the jubilee of Emily Lyle, the founder of the SIEF Ritual Year Working Group. The publication of this issue coincides with the ninetieth birthday of this exceptional scholar, to whom we are delighted to express our gratitude, respect, and admiration. The studies presented in this volume address important and topical issues of our time related to memory, the ritual year, culture and heritage, religiosity and ethnicity, history and the future. We hope that this issue will find its reader and raise new questions.
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski, 2018
This article focuses on the history of the family and households in eighteenth-century Ukraine. The aim of the article is to observe the demographical characteristics of craftsman guild families and households in the Cossack Hetmanate (an autonomous Cossack territory situated on the Left Bank of the Dnieper River) in the cities of Poltava, Pereiaslav and Nizhyn. Calculations are based on the General Description of the Left-bank Ukraine of 1765-1766. In the article, population size indicators for the artisan households and their families are established. Family household types are defined on the basis of works by Peter Lasslett and Cezary Kuklo. Craft specialization is taken into account for clarifying the influence of the Abstrakt Artykuł skupia się na historii rodziny i gospodarstw domowych w osiemnastowiecznej Ukrainie. Ma na celu ukazanie cech demograficznych rodzin rzemieślników cechowych i gospodarstw domowych w Hetmanacie Kozackim (autonomiczne terytorium Kozaków położone na lewym brzegu Dniepru) na przykładzie miast Połtawa, Pereiasław i Niżny. Obliczenia opierają się na Generalnym Opisie Lewobrzeżnej Ukrainy z lat 1765-1766. W artykule ustalono wskaźniki wielkości populacji gospodarstw domowych rzemieślników i wielkości ich rodzin. Typy rodzinnych gospodarstw domowych określono na podstawie prac Petera Lassletta i Cezarego Kuklo. Specjalizacja rzemiosła jest brana pod uwagę przy wyjaśnianiu