Plantago Ovata and Locust Bean Gum as a Natural Polymer in Hydrodynamically Balanced Systems: A Review (original) (raw)
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Matrix properties of a new plant gum in controlled drug delivery
Archives of Pharmacal Research, 2007
A new plant gum, Okra (extracted from the pods ofHibiscus esculentus), has been evaluated as a controlled-release agent in modified release matrices, in comparison with sodium car-boxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), using Paracetamol as a model drug. Tablets were produced by direct compression and thein-vitro drug release was assessed in conditions mimicking the gastro intestinal system, for 6 h. Okra gum matrices provided a controlled-release of Paracetamol for more than 6 h and the release rates followed time-independent kinetics. The release rates were dependent on the concentration of the drug present in the matrix. The addition of tablet excipients, lactose and Avicel, altered the dissolution profile and the release kinetics. Okra gum compared favourably with NaCMC, and a combination of Okra gum and NaCMC, or on further addition of HPMC resulted in near zero-order release of paracetamol from the matrix tablet. The results indicate that Okra gum matrices could be useful in the formulation of sustained-release tablets for up to 6 h.
BioMed Research International, 2021
The objective of the study was to investigate the suitability of the Plantago ovata (PO) husk as a pharmaceutical excipient. Various phytoconstituents of the husk were determined according to the standard test procedures. The Plantago ovata husk was evaluated for various pharmaceutical parameters related to flow, swelling index, and compressibility index. Orodispersible tablets (ODTs) were prepared, containing different concentrations (2.5, 3, 5, 7.5, 10, and 15% w/w) of the Plantago ovata husk. Before compression, all the formulations were evaluated for their flow. Compressed ODTs were evaluated for physical characteristics (physical appearance, weight and weight variation, thickness, and moisture content), mechanical strength (crushing strength, specific crushing strength, tensile strength, and friability), disintegration behavior (disintegration time and oral disintegration time), drug content, and in vitro drug release. Phytochemical evaluation of the Plantago ovata husk confirm...
The main objective of the present study is the physicochemical characterization of naturally available Terminalia catappa gum (Badam gum [BG]) as a novel pharmaceutical excipient and its suitability in the development of gastroretentive floating drug delivery systems (GRFDDS) to retard the drug for 12 h when the dosage form is exposed to gastrointestinal fluids in the gastric environment. As BG was being explored for the first time for its pharmaceutical application, physicochemical, microbiological, rheological, and stability studies were carried out on this gum. In the present investigation, the physicochemical properties, such as micromeritic, rheological, melting point, moisture content, pH, swelling index, water absorption, and volatile acidity, were evaluated. The gum was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction studies (PXRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Gastroretentive floating tablets of BG were prepared with the model drug propranolol HCl by direct compression methods. The prepared tablets were evaluated for all their physicochemical properties, in vitro buoyancy, in vitro drug release, and rate order kinetics. PBG 04 was selected as an optimized formulation based on its 12-h drug release and good buoyancy characteristics. The optimized formulation was characterized with FTIR, DSC, and PXRD studies, and no interaction between the drug and BG was found. Thus, the study confirmed that BG might be used in the gastroretentive drug delivery system as a release-retarding polymer.
DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012
Background Objective of this study is to show the potential use of natural gums in the development of drug delivery systems. Therefore in this work gastro retentive tablet formulations of ziprasidone HCl were developed using simplex lattice design considering concentration of okra gum, locust bean gum and HPMC K4M as independent variables. A response surface plot and multiple regression equations were used to evaluate the effect of independent variables on hardness, flag time, floating time and drug release for 1 h, 2 h, and 8 h and for 24 h. A checkpoint batch was also prepared by considering the constraints and desirability of optimized formulation to improve its in vitro performance. Significance of result was analyzed using ANOVA and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Formulation chiefly contains locust bean gum found to be favorable for hardness and floatability but combined effect of three variables was responsible for the sustained release of drug. ...
Background: Objective of this study is to show the potential use of natural gums in the development of drug delivery systems. Therefore in this work gastro retentive tablet formulations of ziprasidone HCl were developed using simplex lattice design considering concentration of okra gum, locust bean gum and HPMC K4M as independent variables. A response surface plot and multiple regression equations were used to evaluate the effect of independent variables on hardness, f lag time, floating time and drug release for 1 h, 2 h, and 8 h and for 24 h. A checkpoint batch was also prepared by considering the constraints and desirability of optimized formulation to improve its in vitro performance. Significance of result was analyzed using ANOVA and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Formulation chiefly contains locust bean gum found to be favorable for hardness and floatability but combined effect of three variables was responsible for the sustained release of drug. The in vitro drug release data of check point batch (F8) was found to be sustained well compared to the most satisfactory formulation (F7) of 7 runs. The 'n' value was found to be between 0.5 and 1 suggesting that release of drug follows anomalous (nonfickian) diffusion mechanism indicating both diffusion and erosion mechanism from these natural gums. Predicted results were almost similar to the observed experimental values indicating the accuracy of the design. In vivo floatability test indicated non adherence to the gastric mucosa and tablets remain buoyant for more than 24 h. Conclusions: Study showed these eco-friendly natural gums can be considered as promising SR polymers.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2018
Background: Main focus of this research is to demonstrate the potential use of Sapindus mukorossi fruits gum in the development of drug delivery systems. Therefore, in this effort, gastroretentive tables of famotidine were prepared using simplex lattice design considering the concentration of okra gum, locust bean gum, and S. mukorossi fruits gum as independent variables. A response surface plot and multiple regression equations were used to estimate the result of independent variables on hardness, flag time, floating time, and drug release for 1 h, 2 h, and 8 h and for 24 h. A checkpoint batch was also ready by considering the constraints and desirability of optimized formulation to upgrade its in vitro performance. The significance of result was analyzed using analysis of variance and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Formulation mainly contains S. mukorossi. Fruits gum found to be satisfactory for hardness and floatability, but the combined effect of ...
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF COLON TARGETED MATRIX TABLET USING NATURAL TREE GUMS
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018
Objective: To develop a novel colon targeted tablet formulation using natural polysaccharides such as kondagogu gum and ghatti gum as carriers and diltiazem hydrochloride as a model drug. Methods: The polymer-drug tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique, coated with two layers viz., inulin as an inner coat followed by shellac as outer coat and evaluated for properties such as average weight, hardness and coat thickness. In vitro release studies of prepared tablets were carried out for 2 h in pH 1.2 HCl buffer, 3 h in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and 6 h in simulated colonic fluid (SCF) in order to mimic the conditions from mouth to colon. Results: Percentage weight variation, percent friability and content of active ingredient for all the formulations were found to be well within United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) limits. Out of both the polymers, the tablets prepared with ghatti gum showed the maximum hardness of 7.1 kg/cm 2. The FTIR spectra of pure diltiazem HCl and the formulation KF3 were found to be identical. From the DSC, it was evident that the melting point peak of diltiazem HCl and formulation KF3 were observed at 217.16 and 218.34 °C respectively. In vitro studies revealed that the tablets coated with shellac (2.5% w/w), prevented the drug release in stomach environment and inulin coated tablets (4% w/w) have limited the drug release in the small intestinal environment. The data obtained from in vitro drug release studies were fit into Peppas model and in all the cases the value of A was found to be more than 2, i.e., drug release by a combination of both diffusion and erosion-controlled drug release. Conclusion: The study revealed that polysaccharides as carriers and inulin and shellac as a coating material can be used effectively for colon targeting of drugs for treating local as well as systemic disorders.
Insight into natural gums as release modulators-Design of modified release drug delivery systems
Tailoring or modulation of drug release from delivery systems comprises a major area of research in pharmaceutical field where the primary objective is to either sustain drug release or to design orodispersible tablets. This objective can be successfully achieved by use of a class of natural excipients - gums and mucilages. These polysaccharidic plant-derived biopolymers because of their unique swellability in aqueous medium can exert a retardant effect on drug release or can act as superdisintegrant, depending on the concentration used in the formulation. Mechanism of drug release from hydrophilic matrices consisting of gums and mucilages is based on solvent penetration-induced polymer relaxation, diffusion of entrapped drug followed by degradation or erosion of the matrix. The degree and time-scale of swelling contributes significantly to the kinetics of drug release. Drug diffusion from polysaccharidic hydrogel may be of either Fickian, Case II or anomalous transport type. The bo...
Properties of Locust Bean Gum and Sodium Alginate as Plant Analogs of Pharmaceutical Gelatin
The objective of this study was to analyze the composition and properties of the plant analogs of pharmaceutical gelatin for the preparation of soft capsules. The following properties of locust bean gum and sodium alginate were studied: bulk density, viscosity, proportion of the insoluble residue content of microvoids, specific volume, specific surface area, characteristic diameter. The dynamics of the structure in the interaction with the solvent was evaluated by micrographs. The spectrometric profile of locust bean gum was obtained. According to the analysis of spectrophotometric profile, the mass fraction of chemical elements (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sodium, chlorine) was estimated. The microstructure of locust bean gum was defined, which has an average bulk density of 600 g/dm³, with its elements presented in the form of dispersed particles of irregular shape with a size of 5-250 μm, and with granules larger than 300 μm. In addition to carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, sodium and chlorine are also present in sodium alginate. The share of microvoids and disperse formations on the surface of elements is, respectively, 33.79 + - 1.1%.
Drug Design, Development and Therapy
The present work aimed at challenging the efficacy of natural gums, karaya and locust bean gum, as matrix-forming polymers for the formulation of sustained-release tablets of diltiazem, a model drug. Methods: Central design composite was adopted for the formulation and optimization of tablet formulations. The two gums have been selected as independent variables. The dependent factors chosen were the amount of drug released in 1st hour (Y1), amount of drug released after 12 h (Y2), diffusion exponent (Y3), and time for half of the total drug released (T 50%) (Y4). Wet granulation approach was used for the formulation of tablets. FT-IR, DSC, in vitro dissolution, swelling-erosion investigations, SEM, and stability studies were carried out. Results and Discussion: It was evident that the release pattern from the prepared formulations was significantly influenced by the quantity of gum(s) in the tablet. FT-IR and DSC results confirm drug-polymer compatibility. Polynomial equations were used for the prediction of quantitative impact of independent factors at different levels on response variables. After ANOVA analysis, the significant factors were considered for constrained optimization to get the optimized formula. The optimized formula generated by the response surface methodology was evaluated both for in vitro and in vivo properties. The optimized formula and a sustained-release marketed product were subjected to in vivo studies in rabbits and the results of the t-test demonstrated insignificant variation in pharmacokinetic parameters among the two formulations, confirming that the prepared tablet showed sustained-release profile. Conclusion: The results indicated that karaya and locust bean gum can be effectively used to formulate sustained-release tablets.