Developing Aerobic Granular Sludge with Sesame like Biodegradable Support (original) (raw)
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Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 2011
Aerobic granular sludge can be classified as a type of self-immobilized microbial consortium, consisting mainly of aerobic and facultative bacteria and is distinct from anaerobic granular methanogenic sludge. Aerobic granular technology has been proposed as a promising technology for wastewater treatment, but is not yet established as a large-scale application. Aerobic granules have been cultured mainly in sequenced batch reactors (SBR) under hydraulic selection pressure. The factors influencing aerobic granulation, granulation mechanisms, microbial communities and the potential applications for the treatment of various wastewaters have been studied comprehensively on the laboratory-scale. Aerobic granular sludge has shown a potential for nitrogen removal, but is less competitive for the high strength organic wastewater treatments. This technology has been developed from the laboratory-scale to pilot scale applications, but with limited and unpublished full-scale applications for municipal wastewater treatment. The future needs and limitations for aerobic granular technology are discussed.
Aerobic Granular Technology: Current Perspective and Developments
2022
Today's ecosystem and its long-term water supplies are also under pressure. Because of our society's rapid urbanization and industrialization, cutting-edge water treatment technologies are needed. In response to the strong consumption and demands that our new generation puts on water, a technology capable of providing reliable, filtered water. Aerobic granulation is the process of converting activated seed sludge into a broad granule with self-immobilizing properties that adsorb and consume polluted and harmful microorganisms. The activated sludge (AS) method is utilized in wastewater treatment facilities (WWTPs) all over the globe to treat urban and industrial wastewater via biological treatment. In 2014, the discovery of AS was commemorated with a centennial year to commemorate its fruitful journey in providing sanitation and mitigating environmental harm. However, because of its huge land footprint, recirculation flows, and complicated process structures involving several process units to remove biomass, nitrogen, and phosphorus from wastewater, it is no longer deemed viable (Sheik et al. 2014). Because of bottlenecks and new advances in sustainable wastewater treatment, the AS method is now facing
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
Batik industry is one of textile industries in Indonesia generally in small and medium scale and has not good management of by-products in the form of wastewater. Wastewater from batik industry consist of complex and toxic pollutants hence need to be treated in order to support the development of environmentally friendly sustainable industry. Some researches have treated batik wastewater using conventional biological treatment such as anaerobic and activated sludge but optimal results have not been obtained. This research aims to develop a compact aerobic microbial granule with good endurance, which also rich in carbon and nutrient oxidizer bacteria to treat batik wastewater. Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) with volume of 8 L fed with Acetate (COD = 900-1000mg/L), then aerated for 180 minutes. Settling time variation was from 20 to 3 minutes, with 50% liquid withdrawal. In the 4 weeks operation there is increasing of MLVSS reached on 4760 mg/L with COD removal reach on 91,94%. The de...
The effect of seed sludge type on aerobic granulation via anoxic-aerobic operation
Environmental Technology, 2014
The effects of two seed sludge types, namely conventional activated sludge (CAS) and membrane bioreactor sludge (MBS), on aerobic granulation were investigated. The treatment performances of the reactors were monitored during and after the granulation. Operational period of 37 days was described in three phases; Phase 1 corresponds to Days 1-10, Phase 2 (overloading conditions) to Days 11-27 and Phase 3 (recovery) to Days 28-37. Aerobic granules of 0.56 ± 0.23 to 2.48 ± 1.28 mm were successfully developed from both MBS and CAS. First granules appeared on Day 9 in both reactors, indicating that there was no difference between two seed sludge types in terms of the time period for granulation initiation. The results revealed that the granules developed from MBS performed better than CAS in terms of settleability, stability, biomass retention, adaptation, protection of granular structure at high loading rates (0.86 g N/L d and 3.92 g COD/L d) and low COD/TAN ratio (5). Granules of MBS were also found to be capable of providing better protection for nitrifiers at toxic free-ammonia concentrations (38-46 mg/L NH 3 -N), thus showing better treatment recovery than those of CAS.
Water
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a recent innovative technology and is considered a forthcoming biological process for sustainable wastewater treatment. AGS is composed of the dense microbial consortium of aerobic, anaerobic, and facultative types of bacteria. The mechanism of AGS formation and its stability for long-term operation is still a subject of current research. On the other hand, AGS makes the treatment process sustainable in a cost-effective way. However, in order for AGS to be applied in a broader range of applications, there are several challenges to overcome, such as slow-speed granulation and the disintegration of AGS after granulation. Many factors play a role in the stability of granules. The storage of granules and the later use of them for granulation startup is a feasible method for reducing the time for granulation and maintaining stability. This review focuses on the granulation process and characteristics of AGS, granulation time and the stability of AGS under...
Aerobic granular sludge: Recent advances
2008
Aerobic granulation, a novel environmental biotechnological process, was increasingly drawing interest of researchers engaging in work in the area of biological wastewater treatment. Developed about one decade ago, it was exciting research work that explored beyond the limits of aerobic wastewater treatment such as treatment of high strength organic wastewaters, bioremediation of toxic aromatic pollutants including phenol, toluene, pyridine and textile dyes, removal of nitrogen, phosphate, sulphate and nuclear waste and adsorption of heavy metals. Despite this intensive research the mechanisms responsible for aerobic granulation and the strategy to expedite the formation of granular sludge, and effects of different operational and environmental factors have not yet been clearly described. This paper provides an up-to-date review on recent research development in aerobic biogranulation technology and applications in treating toxic industrial and municipal wastewaters. Factors affecting granulation, granule characterization, granulation hypotheses, effects of different operational parameters on aerobic granulation, response of aerobic granules to different environmental conditions, their applications in bioremediations, and possible future trends were delineated. The review attempts to shed light on the fundamental understanding in aerobic granulation by newly employed confocal laser scanning microscopic techniques and microscopic observations of granules.
Aerobic granular sludge – state of the art
Water Science and Technology, 2007
In September 2006, preliminary to the IWA biofilm conference, a second workshop about aerobic granular sludge was held in Delft, The Netherlands, of which a summary of the discussion outcomes is given in this paper. The definition of aerobic granular sludge was discussed and complemented with a few additional demands. Further topics were formation and morphology of aerobic granular sludge, modelling and use of the aerobic granular sludge in practice.
Aerobic sludge granulation: state-of-the-art
International Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2009
Recently, the research focused on the development and operation of aerobic granular biomass has increased in interest, due to the advantages of this option as compared to the conventional activated sludge systems traditionally used for the biological treatment of wastewater. The aerobic granular sludge is produced in Sequential Batch Reactors (SBR) where a large amount of biomass is accumulated by means of the improvement of its settling properties. These compact systems allow the reduction of the required space for implantation and favour the treatment of large loads of contaminants and the performance of the nitrification and denitrification processes simultaneously.
Cultivation of aerobic granular sludge by modification of seeding condition
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2021
This study aims to cultivate aerobic granular sludge by using low-strength domestic wastewater. The cultivation was conducted by modifying the seeding condition whereby the seed sludge was mixed with anaerobic granular sludge. Sequencing batch reactor system consisted of two columns were used namely R c as control reactor and R e containing anaerobic granular sludge were utilized to produce aerobic granular sludge. The results indicated that anaerobic granular sludge may be used to induce rapid granulation process, resulting in aerobic granular sludge with more desirable characteristics as compared to the conventional activated sludge. The developed granular sludge exhibited excellent settling velocity (74.6 m/h) and low SVI 30. Total phosphorus removal was also enhanced in reactor R e. Cocci-shaped bacteria were mainly observed on the granular surface along with few of rod-shaped and filamentous bacteria. Moreover, Proteobacteria dominated the microbial population in the aerobic granules. This study demonstrated the possibility to achieve rapid granulation using anaerobic granules and activated sludge as the seeding materials.
Aerobic granular sludge : scaling up a new technology
2006
Most conventional wastewater treatment plants need a large surface area for the treatment of their sewage. This is due to the open structure of the biomass used to convert the polluting components in wastewater. Because of the flocculated growth, sludge concentrations in reaction tanks are low and settling times need to be long in order to keep the biomass in the system. This Ph.D. thesis describes the development of a new compact aerobic granular sludge technology, in which the biomass is grown in compact granular structures. The main advantage of this compact growth structure is the higher biomass concentrations that van be reached and that all processes, needed for the treatment of wastewater, can be performed in one (discontinuously operated) reactor. Therefore, 80% less area and 30% less energy is required for the treatment of the wastewater. This process is unique, since by the natural composition of the aerobic granular sludge, combined with different diffusion limitations, a...