Biomolecular markers of breast cancer (original) (raw)
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Plasma VEGF as a Marker of Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients
Introduction: Angiogenesis, the process leading to the formation of new blood vessels from a preexisting vascular network, is necessary for tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most potent angiogenic cytokines. Since blood biomarkers are minimally invasive, relatively easy to evaluate, we investigated the prognostic significance of plasma VEGF in Breast cancer patients. Methods: Preoperative plasma VEGF levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay in 80 women with breast cancer and in 80 normal female controls Results: There was a significant (P<0.001) increase in plasma VEGF level in breast cancer patients (Mean± SD 136.22±9.95) compared with controls(61.88±6.19). Our study showed that increased plasma VEGF levels were significantly associated with menopausal status, clinical stage of disease and hormone receptor status. Conclusion: Since the increased plasma VEGF levels were associated with menopausal status, clinical stage of disease and hormone receptor status, it can be used a possible surrogate pharmacodynamic marker for determining the optimal biological dose of antibody drugs.
A compact VEGF signature associated with distant metastases and poor outcomes
BMC Medicine, 2009
Background Tumor metastases pose the greatest threat to a patient's survival, and thus, understanding the biology of disseminated cancer cells is critical for developing effective therapies. Methods Microarrays and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze primary breast tumors, regional (lymph node) metastases, and distant metastases in order to identify biological features associated with distant metastases. Results When compared with each other, primary tumors and regional metastases showed statistically indistinguishable gene expression patterns. Supervised analyses comparing patients with distant metastases versus primary tumors or regional metastases showed that the distant metastases were distinct and distinguished by the lack of expression of fibroblast/mesenchymal genes, and by the high expression of a 13-gene profile (that is, the 'vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) profile') that included VEGF, ANGPTL4, ADM and the monocarboxylic acid transporter SLC16A...
Correlation of VEGF expression with prognostic factors of breast carcinoma
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2019
Background: Breast carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour and leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. VEGF being a powerful mediator of angiogenesis, plays a major role in local growth as well as metastasis of many solid tumours including breast carcinoma. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the significance of VEGF expression in breast cancer and its correlation with prognostic parameters. Materials and methods: This study was conducted over a period of one year (February 2015 to January 2016). VEGF expression was evaluated in 57 histologically diagnosed cases of breast carcinoma with known ER and HER-2/neu status. Result: Among 57 cases 52(91.2%) were positive for VEGF. Positive ER expression was seen in 39 cases which is 64.8% of total cases. 54% of the total cases were positive for HER-2/neu. VEGF expression was positively correlated (P value <0.05) with tumour grade, tumour size and negatively correlated with ER (p<0.005) and HER-2/neu (p<0.005)...
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2013
Objective: To explore the expression and significance of estrogen receptor (ER), progestrone receptor (PR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CA15-3, CA125 and carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) expression in judging the prognosis of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five patients with breast cancer undergoing operations in the general surgery department were considered as the observation group, and 50 healthy outpatients of our hospital as the control group. Cubital venous blood was drawn in the morning from fasting patients in the two groups and chemiluminescence immunoassays were used to detect the levels of CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in serum. The follow-up duration was from 4 months to 2 years, and change in levels of the indicators was detected by dynamically drawing blood. After surgery, cancer tissue samples of patients in observation group remained on file (the non-recurrent patients were biopsied). Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine the expression of ER, PR and VEGF in tissue. Results: The effective rate of 12 patients with negative ER and PR expression was 33.3% in the observation group, being associated with prognosis to varying extents. Serum CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in the observation group were all significantly higher than in control group (p<0.01). With increase in pathological staging, levels of serum CA15-3, CA125 and CEA gradually increased (p<0.01). Levels in patients with lymph node metastasis were markedly higher than in those without (p<0.01). In addition, values with distal lymph node metastasis were notably higher than with adjacent lymph node metastasis (p<0.01). The postoperative follow-up results revealed that positive VEGF and levels of serum VEGF, CA15-3, CA125 and CEA in recurrence group were obviously higher than in non-recurrence group (p<0.01). Conclusions: Joint detection of ER and PR expression as well as levels of serum VEGF, CA15-3, CA125 and CEA is meaningful and can guide the diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer.
International Journal of Cancer, 1997
Studies have shown that microvessel density influences breast-cancer prognosis. Since tumor angiogenesis is considered to be substantially affected by the excretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from tumor cells, we examined whether VEGF concentration is different in malignant and in non-malignant breast tissue. It was also of interest to discover whether intratumoral VEGF concentration influences disease-free survival (DFS) of breast-cancer patients. Analysis is based on 120 tissue specimens taken from breast fibromas (n 5 23), normal epithelial breast tissue adjacent to fibromas (n 5 8) and invasive breast cancer (n 5 89). VEGF concentration was quantified by using an immunoassay. Microvessel density was determined by immunostaining for factor-VIII-related antigen. Median VEGF concentration is given in pg/mg protein (25%-quantile-75%-quantile) and it was 0 (0-1.8) in normal breast tissue, 9.8 (0.52-43.0) in fibromas and 130.4 (50.8-362.2) in invasive carcinomas. A univariate Cox model revealed that node status, tumor size, estrogen-receptor concentration, histological grading and microvessel density were prognostic factors for disease-free survival in breast cancer. We found a significant correlation between VEGF concentration and microvessel count, but VEGF concentration did not significantly influence diseasefree survival. Although VEGF protein was found at a significantly higher concentration in malignant than in nonmalignant tissue, determination of intratumoral VEGF protein by an enzyme immunoassay was not prognostically relevant in our patient population. Int. J. Cancer 74:455-458, 1997.
The International Journal of Biological Markers, 2004
VEGF is a specific mitogen and survival factor for endothelial cells and a key promoter of angiogenesis in physiological and pathological conditions. Nevertheless, VEGF tissue evaluation in cancer patients as a prognostic factor compared to the conventional histological and biological parameters is still controversial. In this case-control study, tissue VEGF was retrospectively determined by immunohistochemistry and related to T, N, ER, PgR, c-erbB-2, p53, MIB-1 and cyclin D1 in 129 breast cancer patients. Seventy-four of these patients had developed distant metastases postoperatively. The remaining 55 patients had remained disease-free >10 years after surgery. In 17 (13%) of the 129 patients (six with distant metastases and eleven disease-free) tissue and plasma VEGF were concomitantly evaluated. In univariate analysis no significant differences in VEGF and tumor size were found between metastatic and disease-free patients, whereas there were significant differences in N, ER, PgR, c-erbB-2, p53, MIB-1 and cyclin D1 (p ranging from 0.001 to 0.0001). In multivariate analysis VEGF showed less significance than N, ER, c-erbB-2, MIB-1 and cyclin D1 (p=0.012, p=0.007, p=0.005, p=0.005, p=0.002 and p=0.001, respectively). VEGF was a significant unfavorable prognostic indicator only in the N+ subset (p=0.015), while ER (p=0.05 and p=0.021) and MIB-1 (p=0.031 and p=0.022) were significant in both the N+ and N-subgroups. In multivariate analysis in the 74 metastatic cases VEGF did not show any significance in relation to disease-free interval and overall survival from the time of mastectomy and from the time of relapse, whereas N and PgR did (p ranging from 0.018 to 0.001). In conclusion, tissue VEGF does not seem a suitable candidate to replace conventional histological and other common biological prognostic factors in breast cancer.
The role of VEGF levels in the differentiation between malignant and benign breast tumor
Journal of research in pharmacy, 2024
Globally, more than 1,500,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer annually which is considered as a big health challenge with the highest priority for investigation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered as promising tumor markers due to its role in the progression of cancer. To determine the role of VEGF in the differentiation between the females with breast cancer and those with benign tumor in a sample of Iraqi Females from Baghdad/Iraq. A comparison study was done on 60 female patients with breast cancer and 60 female patients with benign breast tumor who were recruited from Al Imamain Al-Kadhemain Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq between May 2022 and December 2022. Samples were collected from subjects and used to determine the levels of VEGF, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) and compare their levels in both studied groups. There were highly significant increases in VEGF levels in patients with malignant breast tumor in comparison with patients with benign breast tumor. VEGF levels showed to be significantly correlated with CA 15-3 levels and provide better sensitivity and specificity when used in combination with CEA and CA 15-3. VEGF showed to be more significant biomarkers in differentiation between benign and malignant tumor with higher sensitivity and specificity when compared with classical breast tumor markers (CEA and CA15-3) and the combination between these markers showed to be a promised diagnostic panel for the differentiating of benign breast tumor from malignant one.
Expression of Vegf in Breast Cancer
International Journal of Advanced Research, 2019
Breast Cancer is the most frequent cancer in India. Tumor angiogenesis has been considered as a crucial step in the cancer development and progression. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one important prognostic marker in patients with breast cancer .The aim of the study is to see the expression of VEGF in breast cancers by immunohistochemistry.. Materials and methods: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections of 100 cases of malignant breast lesions were taken up for the study and subjected to immunohistochemistry using VEGF. Results: The intensity of VEGF immunostaining in malignant breast lesions was evaluated and scoring was graded as 0,1+,2+,3+ and 4+. Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-Square test and significant differences were noted between these 3 groups (p value< 0.05). Conclusion: VEGF expression correlated well with the grade and stages of tumor indicating that VEGF positive tumors are biologically aggressive and are associated with poor prognosis.