Theoretical fundaments of neoliberalism: its linkage with social issues and its effects in Latin America (original) (raw)

THE EFFECTS OF NEOLIBERALISM ON THE ECONOMY AND POLITICS OF LATIN AMERICA

SELCUK 7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL SCIENCES Proceeding Book, 2022

Capitalist system fell into a structural crisis in the beginning of 1970s. In order to overcome this crisis, neoliberal policies started to be implemented all over the world. Especially Latin American countries has become a real-world laboratory of neoliberal policies throughout the structural adjustment programmes in the context of Washington Consensus. Actually, these neoliberal policies are not compatible with the internal dynamics of the Latin American countries and instead of solving; they increased the problems of these countries. In this paper, the main objective is to examine the effects of the neoliberal policies on the politics and economy of Latin America. In this regard, this paper focuses on the effects of the neoliberalism on the economy by looking five major economic indicators which are growth, stability, inflation, poverty and income inequalities and then in respect to politics it concentrates on the effects of neoliberalism on the democracy.

Neoliberalism and the Dynamics of Capitalist Development in Latin America

Globalization in the 21st Century, 2010

An analysis of the dynamics of capitalist development over the last two decades has been overshadowed by an all too prevalent "globalization" discourse. It appears that much of the Left has bought into this discourse, tacitly accepting globalization as an irresistible fact and that in many ways it is progressive, needing only for the corporate agenda to be derailed and an abandonment of neoliberalism. This is certainly the case in Latin America where the Left has focused its concern almost exclusively on the bankruptcy of "neoliberalism", with reference to the agenda pursued and package of policy reforms implemented by virtually every government in the region by the dint of ideology if not the demands of the global capital or political opportunism. In this concern, imperialism and capitalism per se, as opposed to neoliberalism, have been pushed off the agenda, and as a result, excepting Chavéz's Bolivarian Revolution, the project of building socialism has virtually disappeared as an object of theory and practice. In this paper we would like to contribute towards turning this around-to resurrect the socialist project; to do so by deconstructing the discourse on "neoliberal globalization" and reconstructing the actual contemporary dynamics of capitalist development.

The Political Economy of Latin America. Reflections on Neoliberalism and Development

With a distinct vision of development from that of development studies scholars, whether in the mainstream or those with a critical perspective, Peter Kingstone’s work “The Political Economy of Latin America” immerses the reader into the extremely complex but clearly expressed debate around the socioeconomic history of Latin America over the past 100 years.

A brief history of anti-neoliberalism: South American Political Economy and Development Paradigms in the XXI Century

2011

This paper attempts to analyze the relationship between anti-neoliberalism and development through the theoretical lens of ideational and intellectual fields and shedding light into some (partial) hypothesis and conclusions about the neoliberalism era. The argument proposed here is that anti-neoliberalism entailed two major trends related to various changes and transformations in the regional political economy hegemonic project: diffraction in neoliberalism on one side, and bifurcation of neoliberalism on the other. These two tendencies shed new lights to understand the changing neoliberal hegemony in the XXI century, its discontinuities and continuities. The leading objective here is to refresh analytic frames around this topic and to identify rising paradigms of development in South America in recent times by theorizing about the usefulness of anti-neoliberalism as analytic tool. KEYWORDS: Neoliberalism. Anti-neoliberalism. Development. South America. Uma breve historia do antineo...

The politics of neoliberalism in Latin America: dynamics of resilience and contestation

Sociology Compass, 2021

Over the last two decades, academic debates around neoliberalism in Latin America have shifted from evaluations of the drawbacks and virtues of the application of neoliberal policies for achieving socioeconomic development , towards discussions imagining and implementing alternatives. After thirty years of neoliberal reform, even neoliberal advocates have increasingly recognised the pernicious effects that the process of neoliberalization have had on people's lives. The fleeting left and centre-left moment brought renewed hopes and expectations of a post-neoliberal future. However, post-neoliberal states could not solve the contradictions of neoliberalism and told us much about its resilience and adaptability.

“The Neoliberal Turn in Latin America: The Cycle of Ideas and the Search for an Alternative,” (with Anthony W. Pereira), Latin American Perspectives, Issue 154, Vol. 34, No. 3, May, pp. 25-48.

Latin American Perspectives, 2007

The role of ideas has been neglected, in comparison with the role of interests and institutions, in the literature on neoliberal reform in Latin America. While ideas were not the primary cause of neoliberal reform, their development, articulation, and dissemination are a significant part of the story of the rise and fall of the "Washington Consensus." The neoliberalism of the 1980s and 1990s lost credibility and capacity to provide politically feasible policy guidelines because it was based on an elitist, exclusionary pact among small groups of experts and elites representing the interests of transnational capital. Only by understanding the origins and limitations of the ideas behind neoliberal reform can a new, more inclusive economic model for Latin America be created.

The ‘Neoliberal Turn’ and the New Social Policy in Latin America: How Neoliberal, How New?: The Neoliberal Turn and the New Social Policy in Latin America

Development and Change 39 775 797, 2008

The term neoliberal is widely used as shorthand to describe the policy environment of the last three decades. Yet the experience of the Latin American region suggests that it is too broad a descriptor for what is in fact a sequenced, fragmented and politically indeterminate process. This article examines the evolution of social protection in the region, and argues for a more grounded, historical approach to neoliberalism, and for some analytic refinement to capture the different 'moments' in its policy evolution, its variant regional modalities, and its coexistence with earlier policies and institutional forms. It suggests that totalizing conceptions of neoliberalism as imposing an inexorable market logic with predetermined social and political outcomes fail to capture the variant modalities, adaptations and indeed resistance to the global diffusion of the structural reforms. This article outlines the systems of social welfare prevailing in Latin America prior to the reforms, and then examines the principle elements of what has been termed the 'New Social Policy' in Latin America, engaging three issues: the periodization of neoliberalism; the role of the state; and the place of politics in the neoliberal reform agenda. This article originated in a paper presented to the ESRC study group on Social Policy organized by Christopher Abel and Colin Lewis, hosted by the Institute for the Study of the Americas, University of London. It draws on a study of the gender dimensions of Mexico's conditional cash transfer programme (see Molyneux, 2006, 2007) to provide some of the background context.

The Impact of Neopatrimonialism on Poverty in Contemporary Latin America

Latin American Politics and Society, 2020

ABSTRACTNeopatrimonial exercise of power, combining ruler appropriation of resources with ruler discretionality in the use of state power, remains present to varying degrees in contemporary Latin America. Building on an extensive literature, this article provides a delimited conceptualization and measurement of neopatrimonialism for 18 countries in the region and examines the effects of neopatrimonial legacies on poverty with cross-national quantitative analysis. The study finds that higher levels of neopatrimonialism have a significant, substantive impact on poverty levels, controlling for other relevant demographic, socioeconomic, and political factors. It confirms the importance of a cumulative record of democracy for poverty alleviation, while the analysis indicates that neopatrimonialism limits the effects of the political left in power on poverty reduction.