Communication between Mother-Adolescent Daughter about Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Cross Sectional Study at Rangpur, Bangladesh (original) (raw)
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Reproductive Health, 2019
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Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Among School Going Adolescents and Parents
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Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development
Background: As compared to other age groups, adolescents are more vulnerable to sexual and reproductive health issues. Parents can become protective and influencing factors for their children to prevent risky sexual behavior. Purpose: This study aimed to assess adolescent-parent communication on sexual and reproductive health and its associated factors. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among 212 adolescents aged 15–19 in higher secondary schools of Tokha Municipality. A self-administered structured modified questionnaire to assess the communication used the Weighted Topics Measure of Family Sexual Communication tool with a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistical analysis and chi-square tests were used to analyze data and assess the association between variables. Data quality was assured through careful questionnaire design, pretesting, and training. Results: The study found that 75.9% of adolescents had communicated on sexual and reproductive health (SR...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020
Improving the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of adolescent girls is one of the primary aims of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Adequate and accurate knowledge, a favorable attitude, safe behavior, and regular practice contribute to adolescent girls' SRH, maternal health, and child health. Considering this, this study aims to explore the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of SRH among college-going older adolescent girls in Chittagong district, Bangladesh. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four colleges among the older adolescent girl age group of 16-17 years old (N = 792) attending a higher secondary grade in Chittagong district. Data were collected using a structured and self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analyses were used to summarize the SRH-related KAP and identify the associated factors, respectively. The level of knowledge about puberty, family planning, maternal health, and HIV/AIDS was not satisfactory among the older adolescent girls. Different myths are common in the rural area with regards to menstruation, which impose several restrictions on adolescent girls and adult women. Standardized coefficients of beta (β) and p value < 0.05 in linear regression analyses demonstrated that being a student of the science group (β = 0.29, p < 0.001) and reading about or watching SRH issues on media (β = 0.21, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with older adolescent girls' high level of knowledge in this regard. Furthermore, being a student of the science group (β = 0.17, p < 0.001), urban residence (β = 0.20, p < 0.001), regular SRH communication (at least once a month) with a mother/sister/friend (β = 0.10, p = 0.003), and reading or watching any SRH content on media (β = 0.22, p < 0.001) appeared as predictors of adolescent girls' positive attitude towards SRH issues. Moreover, being a student of the science group (β = 0.07, p = 0.048), urban residence (β = 0.22, p < 0.001), regular SRH discussions with a mother/sister/friend (β = 0.09, p = 0.005), pre-knowledge on periods before menarche (β = 0.12, p < 0.001), and reading or watching any SRH content on media (β = 0.18, p < 0.001) are the most important factors influencing a regular hygienic practice of SRH. This study suggests strengthening SRH-related comprehensive education programs incorporated into the curriculum, the effective use of mass media, and supplying behavioral change communication materials.
iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research, 2021
Background: Parent-adolescent dialog on sexual issues reduces high-risk sexual behavior in adolescents. However, many adolescents are deprived of such training. Several factors may affect the sexual dialog between parents and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with mother-adolescent daughter dialog on sexual health matters in Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 363 female adolescents aged 14-18 years in Ahvaz-Iran, between June 2015 and January 2016. Data collection was conducted utilizing multi-stage cluster sampling in high schools using the Parent-adolescent sexual dialog questionnaire and the parent-adolescent general dialogue questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed using content and face validity and their reliability was confirmed through internal consistency. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, independent one-sample and two-sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Post-HOC (Duncan) test. Results: The mean score of mother-daughter sexual dialog had a significant relationship with mother's education (F = 4.03, p > 0.003), adolescent's major (F = 4.48, p < 0.004), mother-daughter general communication (p < 0.001), and emotional relationship with parents (F = 6.47, p < 0.002). The more is the mother-daughter general communication, the more will be their sexual communication (p < 0.001). There was no relationship between the score of mother-daughter sexual communication and the age of mother or adolescent, parents' job, parents' marital status, and having sisters (p = 0.86). Conclusions: Some demographic characteristics of parents and adolescents, and the parent-adolescent emotional relationship can affect the communication between them about sexual issues. So efforts to enhance this communication should consider these factors as mediator variables.
Determinants Of Communication Behavior Of Parents With Adolescents About Reproductive Health
Jurnal Kebidanan Malahayati
Latar belakang: Komunikasi antara orang tua dan remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi penting dilakukan, untuk menghindari perilaku seksual yang tidak sehat. Namun mengalami berbagai kendala dan faktor yang mempengaruhi, sehingga orang tua tidak berkomunikasi dengan anak terkait kesehatan reproduksiTujuan: Mengetahui determinan perilaku komunikasi orang tua dengan remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi, dengan mengacu pada Health Belief Model.Metode: Penelitian adalah penelitian kausal. Populasinya adalah orang tua siswa kelas IX SMP di Kota Garut. Sampel sebanyak 200 responden, diambil secara proporsional random sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan PLS-SEM..Hasil: Persepsi kerentanan kesehatan reproduksi berpengaruh positif terhadap ancaman masalah kesehatan reproduksi remaja, dengan t-statistik 8,521 dan p-value 0,000 (p<0,05). Self-efficacy (t-statistik 3,961 dan p-value 0,000), dan persepsi manfaat terkait komunikasi orang tua remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi be...
Chapter 3: Communication about sexual and reproductive health matters Parent perspectives on communication about the physical changes associated with puberty Communication about matters relating to sex, pregnancy and/or sexually transmitted infections/HIV Summary Chapter 4: Obstacles to communication about sexual and reproductive health matters 29 Cultural norms and unacceptability of discussion on sexual and reproductive health matters 29 Discomfort in discussing sexual and reproductive health matters: Lack of awareness and embarrassment 31 Children come to know about sexual and reproductive health matters on their own 34 Fears that children will go astray if given information about sexual and reproductive health matters Summary Chapter 5: Perspectives of parents who favour the provision of information on sexual and reproductive health matters to their children Summary iv Parent-child communication on sexual and reproductive health matters: Perspectives of mothers and fathers of youth in India Chapter 6: Moving forward Recommendations for programmes Inform parents about sexual and reproductive health matters Break down parents' misconceptions about communicating with children on sensitive matters Ensure that communication about menstruation is timely and comprehensive Address discomfort and embarrassment experienced by both parents and children Enable parents and young people to question prevailing norms Make efforts towards more gender egalitarian and open communication Promote sexuality education in the school setting and dispel parental fears about its provision Recommendations for research Conclusion References vii Executive summary The Youth in India: Situation and Needs 2006-07 study included, along with a survey of youth in six states, in-depth interviews with mothers and fathers of youth in the same states. Mothers and fathers were selected purposively and were drawn from purposively selected villages and urban wards located within a 10 kilometre radius of those selected for the youth survey. A total of 412 parents were interviewed, including 209 mothers and 203 fathers. Interviews were wide-ranging and covered parental perspectives on their children's life, aspirations for their future and extent of communication with their children with special emphasis on communication about matters relating to the physical changes associated with puberty, sex, pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections/HIV. Interviews with most, but not all, parents covered topics related to parentchild communication. While exceptions to the general pattern do exist, findings suggest, by and large, a regional divide in parentchild communication on non-sensitive matters. More parents in the northern states than in the southern states and, to a lesser extent, the western state of Maharashtra, described communication with their children as authoritarian. In the northern states for example, communication between parents and children was described as limited because of children's fears or shyness about communicating with their parents, and largely based on the day-today needs of the parent, child or household. While communication between mothers and children in these states was closer than that between fathers and children, it focused for the most part on the home and also reflected the day-today needs of the household or the young person. Nevertheless, both mothers and fathers emphasised that communication also comprised messages on the importance of education, guidance on appropriate behaviour, and the importance of maintaining the family's reputation. Relatively few mothers and fathers described their interactions as free or friendly. While many features of communication, for example the focus on children's education and appropriate behaviour, also characterised parent-child communication in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, and to a lesser extent, Maharashtra, differences were observed. Communication was, in many cases, described as more open and direct, with less evidence of the distance observed between parents and children than in the northern and western states, with several children described as being free to disagree with their parents and parent-child communication likened to that between friends. Notwithstanding these differences in communication about non-sensitive topics, when it came to sensitive topics relating to sexual and reproductive health, including the physical changes associated with puberty, and those relating to sex, pregnancy and infection, regional patterns were less discernable. Although programmes, including the RCH-2, have recognised the importance of parents in development outcomes of their children and interaction between parents and their adolescent children on these matters remained limited in all six states, and urban-rural differences were relatively narrow. Discussion on the physical changes associated with puberty was gendered, both in terms of communication with daughters versus sons, as well as in terms of communication by the mother versus the father. For viii Parent-child communication on sexual and reproductive health matters: Perspectives of mothers and fathers of youth in India example, communication focused far more on the girl than the boy. For girls, it focused on the mechanics of menstruation-"use of the cloth" and dos and don'ts of appropriate behaviour during menstruation as a result of her new status as a mature person rather than on the meaning of menstruation and the menstrual cycle and its links with pregnancy. Many mothers reported discomfort stemming from shyness and embarrassment about discussing even menstruation with their daughters, many leaving it to other women in the family, most often grandmothers and aunts, to convey this and other information relating to sexual and reproductive health matters to children. A number of mothers specifically noted that girls were not provided with information about menstruation until it happened, and as a result, many described their daughters' fears and bewilderment about it when it occurred. Communication with sons, in contrast, was typically absent, with a few parents mentioning the growth of facial hair and voice change. Gender differences were also evident in terms of communication by the mother as opposed to the father. Fathers were more likely than mothers to have communicated with their sons about the physical changes associated with puberty, but the extent of their communication was typically limited. In contrast, fathers almost never communicated with their daughters on this issue, commenting rather that this type of information could only be conveyed by the mother or other female relatives. While communication on the physical changes associated with puberty was clearly gendered, this was not so evident in parents' narratives about communication on such aspects of sexual and reproductive health as pregnancy and infection. Notwithstanding the fact that both mothers and fathers were typically reticent about providing their children with such information, findings point to a change among some parents towards a greater willingness to discuss sexual and reproductive health matters with their children, a change perhaps, resulting from their concerns about the consequences of HIV/AIDS. For example, in contrast to conventional indirect messages exhorting children to be good, not to get involved in wrong things, not to spoil the family's reputation and so on, the narratives of these parents indicate that they cautioned their children more directly, reporting messages designed to instil fear, most often about the links of 'bad' behaviour with HIV and its life-threatening consequences. Additionally, a few parents who reported communicating with their children on these matters were themselves misinformed and conveyed misconceptions to their children. Both mothers and fathers, irrespective of region or urban-rural setting, described a range of factors that inhibited them from discussing the physical changes associated with puberty and/or sex, pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections/HIV with their children. Most often cited were cultural norms that made it unacceptable for parents and children to discuss sexual and reproductive health matters. Many of these parents reported for example, that parents in their setting did not discuss sex, pregnancy or infection with their children, and that young men and women, particularly young women, should not be informed about sex until marriage, and that once married, they would come to know about it automatically. Others suggested that in their cultures, children as young as the child in question (all aged 15 and above) were too young to be informed about these matters. A second leading factor inhibiting communication, also closely associated with cultural taboos, was discomfort and embarrassment both on the part of parents themselves and on the part of their children. In many ways, parents reported that they were too shy to speak to their children, and alternately, that their children were too shy to speak to them. While not an obstacle, several of these parents noted their children's preference for obtaining this information from the extended kin network, thereby parent-child communication on these matters is uncommon (Biddlecom, Awusabo-Asare and Bankole, 2009; Kiragu et al., 2007; Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 2008; Cui, Li. and Gao, 2001). Where it takes place, moreover, messages provided by parents on sexuality are usually ambiguous (for example, 'do not play with boys'; Luwaga, 2004). In India, notwithstanding the recognition in policies and programmes of the need to actively engage parents in enabling adolescents to make safe and healthy transitions to adulthood (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2006), evidence about parent-child interaction and communication, particularly with regard to sensitive matters such as the physical changes associated with puberty,...
Awareness about Reproductive Health Issues among the Adolescent Girls in a Rural Area of Bangladesh
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2020
Background: In Bangladesh there is a scarcity of data on the degree of knowledge amongadolescents about reproductive health. Objective: To assess the awareness about reproductivehealth issues among adolescent girls in a rural area of Bangladesh. Materials and method: Thisdescriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted among 148 adolescent girls who wereselected purposively at PurbaChandara village of Kaliakairthana of Shafipurupazilla of Gazipurdistrict in Bangladesh. A pre-tested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data byface to face interview. Results: Most of the respondents (76.35%) were within the age group of15-19 years. The average age of their menarche was 14 years. Majority of the respondents 136(91.89%) had history of menstruation and 97 (65.54%) mentioned the duration of menstrualcycle > 7 days. Regarding the hygienic practice during menstruation, majority of them (68.24%)were unhygienic. About knowledge on age at marriage, 131 (88.51%) reportedl...