Prevalence of neonatal jaundice at a tertiary health institution in Ondo state, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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BORNO MEDICAL JOURNAL
Background: Neonatal Jaundice (NNJ) is a common occurrence in about 60% of term infants and 80% of preterm infants worldwide and a leading cause of hospitalization during the first week of life. Available evidence suggests that low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear the greatest burden of severe neonatal jaundice characterized by very high rates of morbidity, mortality and long-term sequel compared to high-income countries (HICs). Aims: To document the prevalence, risk factors and short-term outcome of babies with neonatal jaundice in a secondary health facility with free health services in SouthWest Nigeria. Method: Babies were recruited from both inborn and out-born arms of the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU). It was a prospective study of all babies admitted for neonatal jaundice from January to December 2014; the babies were followed up till discharge. Patients' information including socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors, treatment modalities and outcomes were collected and entered directly into an Excel sheet. Results: There were a total of 1,309 admissions: 734 males and 575 females giving a M: F ratio of 1.3:1. NNJ was present in 125 (9.5%) of them. Thirty-five (28%) of the affected babies were preterm babies while 90 (72%) were term babies. Ten (8%) of them presented within the first 24 hours of life, 103 babies (82.4%) presented between 1 st and 7 th day of life while 12 (9.6%) presented after the 7 th day of life. Neonatal sepsis, prematurity, perinatal asphyxia and prolonged rupture of membrane (PROM) were the leading causes and risk factors for NNJ in our setting. One hundred and seven (85.6%) of them had only phototherapy as treatment modality while 18 (14.4%) had exchange blood transfusion (EBT). One hundred and twenty babies (96%) were discharged alive, 5 (4%) had bilirubin encephalopathy and 2 babies (1.6%) died. Conclusion: Neonatal Jaundice is common in our setting with possible dire consequences. Health education of the public on its associated modifiable risk factors is desirable.
A total of 2,509 neonatal case folders were reviewed to determine the prevalence, pattern of occurrence, and associated risk factors of neonatal jaundice among the newborn babies aged between 1 and 28 days. Neonatal jaundice accounted for a total prevalence of 52. 6 in 1000 of the total number of cases reviewed. There was significant prevalence (p≤0.05) of neonatal jaundice in males (67.4) than in females (43.6). The risk factors of neonatal jaundice identified were sepsis (66.7%), prematurity (15.2%), lack of breast feeding (9.0%), ABO incompatibility (5.2%), and anaemia (3.8%). Two deaths were recorded from neonatal jaundice due to sepsis. Although the prevalence of neonatal jaundice was low, there is need to educate women on regular antenatal checks and delivery in appropriate health care facility in order to curb the incidence of neonatal jaundice.
Prevalence of neonatal jaundice in Eku Baptist Community Hospital in Delta State Nigeria
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 2016
The prevalence of neonatal jaundice among newborn babies in Eku Baptist Community Hospital in Delta State was studied between January 2007 and May 2013. A total of 2,509 neonatal case folders were reviewed to determine the prevalence, pattern of occurrence, and associated risk factors of neonatal jaundice among the newborn babies aged between 1 and 28 days. Neonatal jaundice accounted for a total prevalence of 52. 6 in 1000 of the total number of cases reviewed. There was significant prevalence (p≤0.05) of neonatal jaundice in males (67.4) than in females (43.6). The risk factors of neonatal jaundice identified were sepsis (66.7%), prematurity (15.2%), lack of breast feeding (9.0%), ABO incompatibility (5.2%), and anaemia (3.8%). Two deaths were recorded from neonatal jaundice due to sepsis. Although the prevalence of neonatal jaundice was low, there is need to educate women on regular antenatal checks and delivery in appropriate health care facility in order to curb the incidence of neonatal jaundice.
2015
Neonatal jaundice occurs frequently in new born babies in the first week of life. It may be harmless but results in "Kernicterus" or "bilirubin brain damage" when it is severe. This study examined prevalence and associated risk factors affecting neonatal jaundice among neonates born between 2005 and 2010 in University College Hospital, Ibadan. The study is a retrospective study where data were retrieved from neonates' case notes frommedical records unit of the University College Hospital, Ibadan.A total of 232 neonatal jaundice cases wereanalysed and categorized into mild and severe jaundice. Qualitative response regression models was proposed to obtain the precise estimates of the probabilities of a neonatal having neonatal jaundice. Binary Logistic regression analysis which model neonatal jaundice as a response variable while Neonate age, neonate sex, birth weight, mode of delivery, place of delivery, settlement, G6PD, Mothers' Rhesus factor, mother illness during pregnancy, mother level education, parity of the mother and gestational age were the risk factors. The result showed that gestational age, place of delivery, Rhesus incompatibility, and G6PD were statistically significant risk factors for neonatal jaundice. The model converges at the 4 th iteration with-2log-likelihood of 267.712, and Cox & Snell R 2 is .206 with probability of 0.0000 at 5% ∝ level of significance, this indicated that the model fitted for the study is adequate at that level of significance.
Research Article _OAJ Preg. Child Care., 2021
Background: Neonatal jaundice is defined by the World Health Organization as a yellowish coloration of the white part of the eyes and skin in a new born baby due to high bilirubin levels. Appropriate management of neonatal jaundice is important in preventing its sequelae, which includes acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus and should be ensured worldwide especially at the level of local neonatology units including our setting. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological features, etiologies and outcome of neonatal jaundice in a Regional Hospital in Cameroon. Methods: This was a hospital-based retrospective descriptive study, done over a period of 5 years (from January 2016 to December 2020) at the Neonatology Unit of the Regional Hospital Bamenda, in the North West Region of Cameroon. The study-enrolled files of neonates of 0 to 28 days, admitted for neonatal jaundice. Variables noted were maternal sociodemographic data, obstetric history, clinical findings and investigations in the neonate, treatment modalities and immediate outcome following management. Data were analysed using Epi-InfoTM version 3.5.4. Results: The hospital incidence of neonatal jaundice was 19.7%. Males were predominant with a sex ratio of 2.35. Fever and jaundice were the most frequent symptoms, in 64.5%, and 63% of the cases respectively. The main etiologies were infection (70.9%), physiologic (14.3%) and ABO incompatibility (10%). There was a favourable outcome in 92.4% of the cases, and a mortality of 4.4% was recorded. Conclusion: Neonatal infections and blood incompatibilities were the most frequent causes of neonatal jaundice. Mothers and health personnel should be adequately informed and educated on signs of early recognition and management to avert significant neonatal morbidity and mortality, and irreversible neurologic complications if not well managed or diagnosed late.
Nigerian journal of paediatrics, 2022
Background The knowledge of the aetiology for neonatal jaundice is important in the early detection and effective management of infants with or at risk of severe jaundice before hospital discharge. This study assessed the aetiological factors of neonatal jaundice among apparently well late preterm and termnewborns to ensure timely intervention where these risk factors exist. Method: This was a crosssectional study involving 174 apparently well neonates at a tertiary mission hospital. Detailed history, physical examination, relevant haematological and biochemical tests were undertaken. Significant jaundice was defined as serum bilirubin greater than 2 standard deviations above the postnatal age and weight dependent treatment concentration. Results: Of the 844 neonates admitted into the neonatal care unit, 174 (20.6%) had significant jaundice. Median age at presentation was 3days (95% CI of median 3-4days). The mean ±SD gestation age and birth weight of the neonates at recruitment were 38.1±1.6 weeks and 3.1± 0.5kg respectively. Males were 108 (62.4%; M: F.1.6.1). The mean ±SD total serum bilirubin was 13.9±4.7mg/dl. Significant jaundice was more common with maternal-baby concordant paired blood group of A-A, O-O compared with discordant materno-baby group pairs. Of the known causes of significant neonatal jaundice, G6PD deficiency (57-38.5%) ranked topmost. Half (87-50.0%) of the causes of significant jaundice were unidentified. Conclusion : G6PD deficiency remains the leading aetiology for significant neonatal jaundice. G6PD screening should be mandated before hospital discharge, compatible mother-baby blood group pairs do not rule the risk for significant jaundice; further research is required to elucidate other inherent unidentified aetiologies.
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2014
Background information: Neonatal jaundice is a very common condition worldwide, occurring in up to 60% of term and 80% of preterm new born in the first week of life. The incidence, aetiological and contributory factors to neonatal jaundice differs in ethnicity and geographical distribution. In Nigeria, it accounts for between 23% and 60% of admission into the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU), and various factors are responsible for its occurrence.
The burden and management of neonatal jaundice in Nigeria: A scoping review of the literature
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2016
Neonatal jaundice is a leading cause of hospitalization in the first week of life worldwide. If inappropriately managed, it may result in significant bilirubin-induced mortality and disability. We set out to describe the epidemiology of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia as well as the practices and challenges in the care of infants with significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (SNH) in Nigeria, as basis for policy intervention and research priorities. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, WHO Library Database, African Index Medicus, African Journals Online, and local journals for studies published between January 1960 and December 2014. We included studies, without restriction on methodological design that provided evidence on the incidence/prevalence, etiological /risk factors and adverse outcomes of hyperbilirubinemia, care-seeking practices, diagnosis and treatment, as well as follow-up evaluation of infants with SNH in Nigeria. A total of 558 studies were identified from all sources out of which 198 (35.5%) were finally selected. SNH accounted for about one in five neonatal admissions and has been associated consistently with substantial case fatality and neuro-developmental sequelae such as cerebral palsy and auditory impairments, especially among out-born babies. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, prematurity/low birth weight, infection, and ABO incompatibility were most frequently, and Rhesus disease rarely, associated with SNH. Late presentation at appropriate health facilities was common and resulted in high rates of acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE), kernicterus and avoidable exchange transfusions. Uniform practice guidelines, including developmental assessment and surveillance of infants with SNH, were rare at all levels of healthcare delivery. In summary, since 1960, SHN persists as a major contributor to neonatal mortality and developmental disabilities in Nigeria. The underpinning maternal, perinatal and neonatal factors as well as systems-based constraints are not insurmountable. Systematic and sustained interventions are warranted to curtail the disproportionate and perennial burden of this condition in this population.
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2013
Introduction: Neonatal Jaundice (NNJ) is a common disorder worldwide and one of the important contributors to the high neonatal morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Severe neonatal jaundice leads to brain damage or even death in otherwise healthy newborns. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of expectant mothers about neonatal jaundice and its management. Materials and Methods: The study was descriptive cross-sectional, carried out among 389 expectant mothers who were attending the antenatal clinic at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. A structured, Pre-tested, researcher administered questionnaire was used to interview the respondents. Data was analysed using SPSS version 15. Results: The mean age of the expectant mothers was 30.5 (SD 4.9) years. Fifty-five (14.1%) of respondents had previous experience with NNJ, 8 (2.1%) lost babies due to NNJ. 334 (85.9%) were aware of the condition, 381 (77.4%) knew how to recognize the symptoms of NNJ, 279 (71.7%) knew a correct method of treatment of NNJ. A large proportion of the expectant mothers 261 (67%) knew some complications of NNJ. Two hundred and five (52.7%) did not know any danger sign of complications of NNJ. Three hundred and fifty five (91.3%) had good attitude towards its management. Majority of expectant mothers whose previous babies had NNJ took the babies to the hospital for treatment. A large proportion also expressed their willingness to seek medical attention if their babies were to develop the condition. Their knowledge of neonatal jaundice was significantly influenced by their level of education and the number of their previous babies who had NNJ. Conclusion: This study revealed that expectant mothers attending antenatal clinic at UBTH had good knowledge of the treatment and complications of NNJ but inadequate knowledge of the causes and danger signs of the condition. Their attitude and practice towards the management of NNJ was good. It is therefore recommended that Health care providers should give more health education on NNJ to the expectant mothers during antenatal visits.
Neonatal Jaundice Causal Factors: A Literature Review
Women, Midwives and Midwifery
Background: Jaundice (neonatal icterus), known as yellowish baby is a condition where the yellowing of the skin and sclera in newborns, due to increased levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia) which subsequently causes an increase in bilirubin in the fluid outside the cell (extracellular fluid). Jaundice is one of the contributors to infant morbidity in Indonesia because it can cause the baby's body to become limp, unwilling to suck, increased muscle tone, stiff neck, muscle spasms, convulsions, sensory disturbances, mental retardation, disability, and even death. Objective: This study aimed to review the evidence related to the factors causing jaundice in neonates. Method: This research method was a literature review study. Journal searches were carried out by applying online database such as ScienceDirect and PubMed. Author also used google scholar for search engine. The inclusion criteria in this study were journals published in 2015-2020 using Indonesian and En...