Microalgae as an Oil Producer for Biofuel Applications (original) (raw)
Related papers
Energies
Microalgae are considered to be potentially attractive feedstocks for biodiesel production, mainly due to their fast growth rate and high oil content accumulated in their cells. In this study, the suitability for biofuel production was tested for Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella fusca, Oocystis submarina, and Monoraphidium strain. The effect of nutrient limitation on microalgae biomass growth, lipid accumulation, ash content, fatty acid profile, and selected physico-chemical parameters of algal biodiesel were analysed. The study was carried out in vertical tubular photobioreactors of 100 L capacity. The highest biomass content at 100% medium dose was found for Monoraphidium 525 ± 29 mg·L−1. A 50% reduction of nutrients in the culture medium decreased the biomass content by 23% for O. submarina, 19% for Monoraphidium, 13% for C. vulgaris and 9% for C. fusca strain. Nutrient limitation increased lipid production and reduced ash content in microalgal cells. The highest values were observe...
LIPID PRODUCTIVITY FROM MICROALGAE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL
Energy is essential and vital for development, and the global economy literally runs on energy. Continuous use of petroleum sources is not favorable as it is obtained from non renewable sources like coal .Thus the production of sustainable energy is the major necessity in this globally competent world. So bio diesel stands out as the best source for energy. The second generation bio fuel produced from feed stock such as micro algae produce the long term solution for the increasing fuel demand. Micro algae have the ability to produce biodiesel due to transesterification of lipids. There is also an added advantage as microalgae have the ability to mitigate CO2 emission and produce oil with a high productivity; they can be used for the wastewater or daily effluent treatment. The present study involves in finding out the micro algal strain which produce high lipid content, best media selection which produces high lipid, optimization of best media using different water sources and nitrogen concentrations
Biodiesel Production from Microalgae
In recent years, high value lipid extraction in order to convert into a biodiesel product was potentially investigated among various microalgae strains. As a proof, in this research study, a significant amount of triacyl glyceride from Chlorella sorokiniana was obtained. Moreover, effective parameters such as pH, temperature and light intensity were assessed thoroughly. The petroleum fuels are limited and depleting due to increase in consumption and cause environmental problems. Microalgae are recognized as a source for the production of biofuels. Therefore, biodiesel (types of biofuel) is the only substitute fuel attainable as it is technically feasible, economically competitive, environmentally acceptable and easily available to fulfill the increasing demands for energy. This research was conducted to extract of lipid from Chlorella sorokiniana and characterization of fatty acid composition by Gas chromatography requirements. Transesterification process was carried out to produce methyl esters. After 15 to 17 days, at the end of the exponential phase of growth, the total contents of the lipids was extracted and determined. The extracted fatty acids was first esterified and then identified using GC analysis. The presence of several types of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and saturated fatty acids were identified by using microalgae, Chlorella sorokoniana. The result shows that the extracted lipid shows in main composition of suitable fatty acid present in the microalgae was identified as palmitic acid profile for biodiesel, ranging from 16-18 of carbon lengths. This strain can be an ideal candidate for biodiesel production because of its saturated fatty acid content.
Oil extraction from microalgae for biodiesel production
Bioresource technology, 2011
This study examines the performance of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO 2 ) extraction and hexane extraction of lipids from marine Chlorococcum sp. for lab-scale biodiesel production. Even though the strain of Chlorococcum sp. used in this study had a low maximum lipid yield (7.1 wt% to dry biomass), the extracted lipid displayed a suitable fatty acid profile for biodiesel [C18:1 ($63 wt%), C16:0 ($19 wt%), C18:2 ($4 wt%), C16:1 ($4 wt%), and C18:0 ($3 wt%)]. For SCCO 2 extraction, decreasing temperature and increasing pressure resulted in increased lipid yields. The mass transfer coefficient (k) for lipid extraction under supercritical conditions was found to increase with fluid dielectric constant as well as fluid density. For hexane extraction, continuous operation with a Soxhlet apparatus and inclusion of isopropanol as a co-solvent enhanced lipid yields. Hexane extraction from either dried microalgal powder or wet microalgal paste obtained comparable lipid yields.
Extraction Technique for Lipid from Microalgae for Biodiesel
A study on the technique of lipid extraction from microalgae for the biodiesel production is performed, in which the author has narrowed down the research to the microalgae cultivation method, harvesting technique, lipid extraction of microalgae and also transesterification. At the early stage of the research, the author has batchcultivated the Nannochloropsis sp and Chlorella sp to conduct the growth evaluation by using the cell count method. The microalgae are then harvested by centrifugal separation. The project work continued with the sample collection of the mixedculture of microalgae from the pond for the extraction of lipid. For this project, the author has selected the solvent extraction method continued with the rotary evaporator to extract the lipid from microalgae. The solvent systems used for the extraction are n-hexane, methanol and the mixture of chloroform/methanol. The result from the extraction has shown that methanol is the best solvent to extract lipid from the mixed-culture of microalgae. The selection of this technique is made based on the ease of application and low cost consumption. Transesterification is also performed in order to convert the oil which is in the form of lipid to methyl ester. The alkali catalyzed process is applied in transeterification which is by using sodium hydroxide. Lastly, the pH measurement of the esterified product is conducted and analysis by using Thin Layer Chromatography is performed.
Lipid Production from Microalgae as a Promising Candidate for Biodiesel Production
MAKARA of Technology Series, 2010
Recently, several strains of microalgae have been studied as they contain high lipid content capable to be converted to biodiesel. Fresh water microalgae Chlorella vulgaris studied in this research was one of the proof as it contained high triacyl glyceride which made it a potential candidate for biodiesel production. Factors responsible for good growing of microalgae such as CO 2 and nitrogen concentration were investigated. It was found that total lipid content was increased after exposing to media with not enough nitrogen concentration. However, under this nitrogen depletion media, the growth rate was very slow leading to lower lipid productivity. The productivity could be increased by increasing CO 2 concentration. The lipid content was found to be affected by drying temperature during lipid extraction of algal biomass. Drying at very low temperature under vacuum gave the best result but drying at 60 o C slightly decreased the total lipid content.
Potential assessment of microalgal oils for biodiesel production: A review
In view of increasing energy demand, climate change, increasing price of petroleum and fast depleting fossil fuel resources, the urgent need of finding alternatives fuels is being felt all over the world. Presently, the microalgae, are viewed as potential 3 rd generation source of biodiesel due to significant advantages over terrestrial seed oil plants. The paper attempts theoretically to assess the potential of oils from six microalgae species available in north part of India for the production of biodiesel on the basis on oxidation stability index and Oxidizability. Based on the fatty acid compositions, APE and BAPE are find theoretically. On the basis of APE and BAPE, oxidation stability index and oxidizability have been assessed. The grading of oils in terms of OSI and OX helps to select the potential feed stocks for biodiesel production and discard the other feed stocks that may require considerable efforts to improve the oxidation stability. It is concluded that the oils can b...
The Effect of Microalgae Harvesting on Lipid for Biodiesel Production
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2019
This study was focusing on the effectiveness of microalgae harvesting method such as coagulation, centrifugation and immobilization in order to obtain high content of biomass and lipid production. The effectiveness of the three harvesting methods was determined by comparing the total amount of biomass and lipid. The procedures of this experiment comprises of (i) media preparation, (ii) microalgae cultivation, (iii) biomass harvesting and (iv) extraction of oil to obtain the lipid. The further process of converting microalgae oils into biodiesel fuel is followed by transesterification process. The lipid content and oil yield shows different amount for each different harvesting method. High total lipid content of 0.0265 + 0.0040 g and oil yield of 50.42% were obtained for centrifugation method compared to coagulation and immobilization. The fatty acid compositions of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis for all harvesting methods. The main components were consist of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), linolenic acid (C18:3), oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2). Among the three methods, centrifugation yields the highest amount of lipid and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). Therefore, centrifugation was selected to be the most efficient method for microalgae harvesting.
Lipid Extraction from MicroalgaeSpirulina Platensisfor Raw Materials of Biodiesel
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019
Biodiesel derived from microalgae has been considered as one of the substitutes for fossil fuels. There are many microalgae with hight lipid content that can use for the raw material of biodiesel. Microalgae Spirulina plantesis in the fast few years has been developed to become biodiesel feedstock, previously this microalga was widely used in food supplements. The purpose of this research is to study the growth of microalgae in lab scale cultivation, to extract lipids by maceration, soxlet, and osmotic methods and analyze the biodiesel obtained from the transesterification process. Cultivation was carried out in laboratorium scale with bright dark lighting conditions (12:12 hours), using Walne medium, pH of 7-10 and salinity of 25-30 ppt. Cell density was observed using a microscope and was calculated using a hemasitometer. From the results of the study at the cultivation stage, it was found that the optimum pH for the growth of microalgae Spirulina Platensis was at pH of 9 and lipids obtained from maceration, osmotic and soclet extraction methods are 5.5%, 0.6%, and 9%. Biodiesel which had the highest calorific value was obtained through extraction using the maceration method with a caloric value of 11200 cal/gram and density 0,875 gram/cc.