Determination of natural radioactivity by gross alpha and beta measurements in ground water samples (original) (raw)
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Determination of natural radioactivity by gross α and β measurements in tap waters in Rize province
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2014
In this study, the activity concentrations of the gross a and b in ground water samples collected from the different drilled wells in Nevs ‚ ehir province were measured to assess annual effective dose due to the ingestion of the water samples. Nevs ‚ ehir province is one of the major cities of Cappadocia Region which is a popular tourist destination as it has many areas with unique geological, historic, and cultural features. Sampling and measurements were carried out in the autumn of 2011 and the spring of 2012. The values of the activity concentrations of the gross a and b measured in the water samples ranged from 80 to 380 mBq L À1 with a mean of 192 mBq L À1 and 120e3470 mBq L À1 with a mean of 579 mBq L À1 respectively. All values of the gross a were lower than the limit value of 500 mBq L À1 while two ground water samples were found to have gross b activity concentrations of greater than 1000 mBq L À1. Therefore two water samples were the subject of further radioisotope-specific analysis. The obtained result indicated that the elevated activity concentrations of the gross b in these water samples are dominated by 40 K activity. Annual effective doses ranged from 0.04 to 0.20 mSv y À1 .
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2012
This study is part of an effort to assess the level of background radiation for Erzincan Province of eastern Turkey. Radionuclide activity concentrations in soil samples were measured through gamma-ray spectrometry and the average activities were determined as 8. 93, 11.39, 281.94, and 9.52 Bq/kg for the radionuclides 238 U, 232 Th, 40 K, and 137 Cs, respectively. The average annual effective dose from these natural radioactivity sources ( 238 U series, 232 Th series and 40 K,) was calculated to be 27.9 lSv. Radioactivity levels in drinking and potable water samples were studied using a multi-channel low level proportional counter. The average gross alpha activity concentration was found to be 0.0477 Bq/L (min. 0.007 Bq/L; max. 0.421 Bq/L) and the average gross beta activity was measured as 0.104 Bq/L (min. 0.008 Bq/L; max. 1.806 Bq/L). These values lead to an average annual effective dose of 9.75 lSv from the alpha emitters and 56.34 lSv from the beta emitting radionuclides in water. The radioactivity levels in the water samples investigated were found to comply with the reference levels recommended by WHO and the regulations set forth by the Turkish Health Ministry.
Natural radioactivity in various surface waters in Adana, Turkey
Desalination, 2010
Gross α and gross β activities of 30 different water samples collected from sea, lake, river and tap waters in Adana were determined. The instrumentation used to count the gross α and gross β activities was an α/β counter of the low background multiple detector type with 10 sample detectors (Berthold LB770). The average measurements were 0.0096 Bq/l, 0.086 Bq/l for gross alpha and gross beta, respectively in drinking water. The obtained results showed that, in general, natural activity concentrations of α and β emitting radionuclides in drinking water samples did not exceed WHO and ITS recommendations. To evaluate the annual effective dose equivalent of ingestion of these waters, a conservative dosimetric calculation was carried out using dose conversion factor suggested by the USA-EPA. Average annual dose of equivalent was calculated 0.005 mSv year − 1 .
Assessment of gross α and β radioactivity for drinking water in Hatay province, Turkey
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2015
In this study, the radioactivity analysis was performed in drinking water of Hatay province which is in the southeast region of Turkey. Using ten channels low-level proportional counter, the average "gross α" and "gross β" activity concentrations of the 39 water samples were measured as 36.69 and 116.36 mBq/L, respectively. All values of the "gross α" and "gross β" were lower than the limit values of 500 and 1,000 mBq/L, recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The average annual effective doses were calculated to be 7.50 μSv for the α-emitters and 58.61 μSv for the β-emitters. The results obtained in this study indicate that the average annual effective doses for all water samples are below the reference level as 0.1 mSv, recommended by WHO.
Radioactivity in sediments and gross alpha–beta activities in surface water of Fırtına River, Turkey
Environmental Geology, 2008
The concentrations and distribution of natural and artificial radionuclides in sediment and water samples collected from Fırtına River in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey were investigated with an aim of evaluating the environmental radioactivity and radiation hazard. Natural gross a and gross b activities were determined for 21 different water samples, and the activity concentrations were obtained for 226 Ra, 214 Pb, 214 Bi, 228 Ac, 208 Tl, 40 K and 137 Cs in 20 different sediment samples. The obtained results showed that natural gross a and gross b activity concentrations in water samples range from 12.4 ± 3.4 to 66.2 ± 9.2 mBq l -1 and from 27.9 ± 3.3 to 133.3 ± 4.1 mBq l -1 , respectively. The mean activity concentrations were 32.6 ± 3.8 mBq l -1 for gross a and 69.9 ± 4.4 mBq l -1 for gross b. Generally, the gross b activities were higher than the corresponding gross a activities. The average concentrations of 238 U and 232 Th daughter products vary from 11 to 167 Bq kg -1 and from 16 to 107 Bq kg -1 , respectively. The concentrations of 40 K and 137 Cs vary from 51 to 1,605 Bq kg -1 and from 0.8 to 42 Bq kg -1 , respectively. Sediment characterization was also investigated using grain size, thin section and XRD analysis.
Natural Radioactivity Content in Bulgarian Drinking Waters and Consequent Dose Estimation
Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2014
Natural radioactivity in drinking water from Bulgaria was determined in 994 samples. Nine hundred and seventeen of them are from the Southwestern part of the country. The measured activity of natural uranium, 226 Ra, gross alpha and gross beta activity varied from 20 (5) ng l 21 to 0.11 (3) mg l 21 , MDA to 0.39 (6) Bq l 21 , MDA to 6.23 (39) Bq l 21 and 0.030 (7) Bq l 21 to 0.98 (22) Bq l 21 , respectively. Approximately 33 % of the investigated waters exceeded a gross alpha activity of 0.1 Bq l 21 , 1.8 % a natural uranium concentration of 0.03 mg l 21 and 1 % an 226 Ra concentration of 0.15 Bq l 21. Annual effective dose from natural radionuclides ranges from 0.0175 (43) mSv to 95.5 (2.6) mSv. Median values of the contribution of the 226 Ra and uranium to the indicative dose are 10.22 and 0.21 mSv y 21 , respectively. Poor relationships between 226 Ra/nat.U (r, 0.12) and for gross beta activity/natural uranium (nat.U) (r, 0.29) were observed. The relationships between nat.U/gross alpha activity (r, 0.50) and for gross alpha activity/gross beta activity (r, 0.52) concentration distributions were stronger.
Radioactivity Survey and Risk Assessment Study for Drinking Water in the Artvin Province, Turkey
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2015
In this study, 117 spring water samples, collected across the Artvin province, were analyzed for gross α and gross β radioactivity. The values of the activity concentrations of the gross α and gross β measured in the natural spring water samples ranged from 5 to 771 mBqL −1 with the mean of 46 mBqL −1 and from 13 to 808 mBqL −1 with the mean of 91 mBqL −1 . All values of measured water samples except one were within the limits, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Gross alpha-and betainterpolated values of the region were determined and mapped by using the Kriging method. In addition to the measured gross alpha and beta activity result of natural spring water samples, for each sample, annual effective dose equivalent was calculated and lifetime cancer risks were estimated. Our study showed that two values of water samples exceeded WHO limits and lifetime cancer risk due to the water radioactivity ranges between 1.3×10 −5 and 20.6×10 −4 with the mean of 10.1×10 −5 .
Natural radioactivity of groundwater in Serbia
Geoloski anali Balkanskoga poluostrva, 2013
Activity concentrations of radionuclides 40K, 228Ra, 226Ra, 238U and Th232 and gross alpha and beta activities were analyzed in more than 100 samples of groundwater in Serbia. The highest gross alpha activity was recorded at 1.33 Bq/L (average 0.12 Bq/L), while the highest beta activity was 5.43 Bq/L (average 0.68 Bq/L). The potassium isotope 40K exhibited the highest active concentration (2.6 Bq/L) and was the largest contributor to the gross natural beta activity. Among the analyzed samples, 28 were found to have elevated beta activity concentrations, of which five samples also measured elevated alpha activity. All the groundwater samples that exhibited elevated radioactivity were of the HCO3-Na type and were genetically associated with granitic rocks. Their TDS levels and CO2 gas concentrations were also elevated.
Evaluation of natural radioactivity in Tehran's water using the gross alpha and beta measurements
2021
Consumption and drinking of healthy and high-quality water is considered an important matter in human life, so monitoring of drinking water pollution including radioactive contamination and assessing the amount of radiation exposure of people through water consumption is very important. The purpose of this investigation was to measure the concentration of gross beta and alpha activities in water samples collected from Tehran water sources. In the present study, the gross beta and alpha activity concentrations of 35 water samples in Tehran were analyzed and measured to evaluate their radiological quality using liquid scintillation method. The results of the analysis showed the activity concentration of gross alpha ranges from 48 mBq/L to 227 mBq/L with a mean of 137.5 mBq/L. the activity concentration of gross beta in the samples ranged from 49 mBq/L to 328 mBq/L with a mean of 184.7 mBq/L. Also, the correlation coefficient between the results were very strong and equal to 0.87. The results showed that the gross beta and alpha activity concentrations in all waters was lower than the standard limit of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran, which is 500 mBq/L and 1000 mBq/L, respectively and also waters are radiologically healthy.
NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY IN VARIOUS SURFACE WATERS IN I . STANBUL, TURKEY
AbstractÐGross-a and gross-b, activities of eight well and ®ve tap water samples taken in I . stanbul were determined. Ra 226 , Rn 222 , Pb 214 , Bi 214 , K 40 , Cs 137 activity concentrations in four lake, four sea water, one snow and one rain water samples were also analyzed in order to determine their radioactivity. The results obtained showed that, in general, natural activities in drinking water samples did not exceed WHO and ITS guidelines. In sea and lake water, four samples were over WHO and TSI guidelines. Concentrations ranging from 0.007 to 0.04 Bq l À1 and from 0.02 to 0.1 Bq l À1 were observed for drinking water and the gross-a and gross-b activities, respectively. For all samples the gross-b activities were higher than the corresponding gross-a activities. In order to evaluate the annual eective dose equilavent of ingestion of these waters, a conservative dosimetric calculation was carried out using dose conversion factor suggested by the ICRP. An average annual eective dose equivalent of 0.84 mSv y À1 for Ra 226 was calculated. 7