Bioaccumulation of Trace Metals in Tissues of Rohu Fish for Environmental Risk Assessment (original) (raw)
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Advances in Zoology and Botany 8(2): 37-44, 2020, 2020
The heavy metal contamination is creating devastating effects on ecosystem and environment and eventually hazardous to human health. Ujjani is one of the largest reservoir in Maharashtra state. It receives water from different metropolitan cities harboring numerous industries. Moreover, anthropogenic activities pollute water and fish fauna of the reservoir. In the present study, the concentrations of heavy metals such as Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), and Manganese (Mn) were analyzed from various tissues namely muscles, liver, gill, and fin of Chillapi fish. The variation in level of metals was found with respect to tissue types and body weight groups. The concentrations of Fe were ranged between 15.94 to 91.56µg/g, Cu concentration was between 1.88 to 48.88µg/g, Zn concentration was between 25.72 to 84.2µg/g and Mn was recorded between 2.12 to 28.48µg/ g in Chillapi fish. Fe and Cu have recorded highest in the liver, whereas peak of Zn and Mn was detected in fins. Furthermore, the minimal metal concentrations were observed in muscle samples of all different weight groups. It shows that Fe, Zn, Cu concentration in all four tissues was within the limit, whereas the Mn level was found to be exceeding the permissible limit as prescribed FAO/WHO, 1989. The presence of heavy metals higher than normal level in fish bodies is a clear indicator of biomagnifications. Furthermore, THQ and HI values were within limit for all studied metals in fish but if consumed in excess amount may cause toxicity in humans. Therefore, daily intake of fish should be strictly monitored to avoid excess intake of these heavy metals. Our study signifies the importance of addressing the heavy metal contamination issue to avoid health related problems.
We present the results from a detailed study based on five metals (Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb and Fe) measured in four organs (gills, liver, intestine and muscle) of two fish species (Labeo rohita and Cirrhina mrigala) collected from Pulicat lake that receives effluents from industries located in north Chennai, southeast coast of India. The results show limited differences between the two species and organs as well as significant variations within the five analyzed metals. Although the metal concentrations measured in fish muscle are low, high levels of Fe and Pb were observed in the liver and gills followed by other organs of the two fish species. The concentrations of heavy metals in edible parts (muscle) of fish were within the permissible levels and are safe for the human consumption. However the results of the study clearly show the biomagnifications of metals in Pulicat lake.
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020
The worldwide increase in population, urbanization, and industrialization was affecting the natural aquatic environment in the form of pollution. The consumption of fishes as food has immense therapeutic and nutritional benefits. Heavy metal pollution of marine aquatic ecosystem occurring due to urban and industrial waste discharge, agricultural runoff and accidental spills of toxic chemicals is globally a rising concern and possesses a dangerous threat for human health due to their regular feeding habits. Humans consume fish as a dietary uptake without knowing the heavy metal accumulated from the polluted areas and are vulnerable to certain health risks. An attempt was made in the present investigation to monitor heavy metals concentration in coastal waters and edible marine fish Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) namely Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) in water and fish tissues (Gills and Liver) of Nelaturu, Krishnapatnam coastal areas. The extent of metal concentrations in the water and levels of heavy metals varied among the various tissues in the fish species studied and the concentrations of the metals found in fish gill, liver tissues were high. At this rate, consumption of marine fish from Nelaturu, Krishnapatnam may lead to heavy toxicity and other related health problems to human and other animals. Control measures are required to reduce aquatic heavy metal pollution in the Nellore coast.
Fishes are constantly exposed to aquatic system and exposure of metals through fish consumption may lead to health risks, especially for high-fish consumption populations. This study determined levels of As, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Zn in muscle tissues of fish from Kolkata wetland and estimated the health risk posed by fish ingestion. The levels of heavy metals were below the permissible limits issued by JECFA of FAO/WHO. The tolerable intake of As, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Zn as PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake) and PTDI (Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake) was calculated and presented. To estimate the human health risk, the target hazard quotient (THQs), was calculated and discussed, THQs for individual metals were lower than USEPA guideline value of 1. However, the hazard index of arsenic, copper, mercury, nickel and zinc mixture for Catla catla was marginally high. The target cancer risk (TR) of arsenic and nickel for intake of the Catla catla, Oreochromis nilotica and Labeo rohita was 1.5x10 -4 and 5.8x10 -4 , 7.7x10 -5 and 3.0x10 -4 , 4.7x10 -5 and 5.4x10 -4 , respectively, with the average of 8.6 x 10 -5 and 4.7 x 10 -4 , respectively. More intensive study is needed in order to determine the toxic metals in fish, and not only to report levels of contaminants but also important to compare them with health criteria values.
Fishes are constantly exposed to aquatic system and exposure of metals through fish consumption may lead to health risks, especially for high-fish consumption populations. This study determined levels of As, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Zn in muscle tissues of fish from Kolkata wetland and estimated the health risk posed by fish ingestion. The levels of heavy metals were below the permissible limits issued by JECFA of FAO/WHO. The tolerable intake of As, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Zn as PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake) and PTDI (Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake) was calculated and presented. To estimate the human health risk, the target hazard quotient (THQs), was calculated and discussed, THQs for individual metals were lower than USEPA guideline value of 1. However, the hazard index of arsenic, copper, mercury, nickel and zinc mixture for Catla catla was marginally high. The target cancer risk (TR) of arsenic and nickel for intake of the Catla catla, Oreochromis nilotica and Labeo rohita was 1.5x10 -4 and 5.8x10 -4 , 7.7x10 -5 and 3.0x10 -4 , 4.7x10 -5 and 5.4x10 -4 , respectively, with the average of 8.6 x 10 -5 and 4.7 x 10 -4 , respectively. More intensive study is needed in order to determine the toxic metals in fish, and not only to report levels of contaminants but also important to compare them with health criteria values.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2010
A study was conducted during November 2005-October 2006 for determining the heavy metal contamination in surface water and sediments and giving prime thrust to determine the heavy metal concentrations fish samples collected from various points of the river Ganga at different time interval. Fish samples (viz., Channa marulius and Aorichthys seengala) were analyzed for heavy metals using standard laboratory procedures by AAS method. In impact points the annual average values for Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb and Zn were 0.15, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02 and 0.29 ppm, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals in the riverine water collected from middle point had the order Zn > Cu > Cr > Cd > Pb. The data indicated that copper was maximally accumulated in the riverine sediments whereas least annual average concentration was obtained for lead. The trend of accumulation suggested deposition was maximum for zinc and minimum for cadmium in the muscles
Punjab University Journal of Zoology, 2020
| Arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) are one of the greatest threats to aquatic biota for their persistence, bioaccumulation and biomagnification across the globe. This study presents the first hand data of toxic trace metals in edible fish muscles, sediments and water sampled from Head Punjnad (HP), Pakistan during 2017. The likely reason for the selection of HP as a study target was its emergent prominence as an irrigation hub and holidaymakers spot largely for angling and feasting. The investigated five fish species are Ctenopharyngodon idella, Oreochromis niloticus, Eutropiichthys vacha, Rita rita and Sperata sarwari. The results divulged the pattern of metals concentration in fish in the order of Cd > As > Hg. However, R. rita, O. niloticus and C. idella showed higher accumulation of the metals that clearly alluded to species-linked metal bioaccumulation, which might be due to their unique feeding mood. Cadmium presence ranged between 0.04-1.12 ppm while As and Hg fluctuated between 0.01-0.04 and 0.001-0.18 ppm, respectively. Conversely, higher bioaccumulation was detected in gills rather than the muscle tissues that evidently indicated gradual water quality degradation conceiving higher metal concentrations in the environment. Similarly, a higher concentration of Cd was observed in water (0.78 ppm) and sediment (0.64 ppm) samples. In acquiescence to the above-given outcomes, the metal concentration hierarchical arrangement in sediment and water was identical to the witnessed in fish species (Cd > As > Hg). In conclusion, this study established that selected metals level in HP water and sediments displayed levels higher than the permissible limits. However, As and Hg remained lower than the international guidelines for sediments. Cd showing the higher levels in edible tissues may produce toxic effects in the fish and its consumers, therefore, it is not safe to consume these studied fish species from Head Punjnad. Novelty Statement | This investigation highlights the occurrence of Cd, Hg and As at the higher levels in water samples, while As and Hg persisted lower than the international guidelines for riverine sediments at Head Punjnad. The higher levels of Cd in edible fish tissues alluded that it is not safe to consume fish from Head Punjnad.
Bioaccumulation of trace metals in fish from the coastal waters of Cochin (southwest coast of India)
TIJ's Research Journal of Science & IT Management - RJSITM, 2018
Muscles, gills, and livers of the fish Sardinella longiceps , Rastrelliger kanagurta , Lates calcarifer , Cyanoglossus macrostomus , Caranx melampygus , and Nemipterus japonicus from the coastal waters of Cochin, India, were evaluated for the trace metals, iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) during the monsoon, post-monsoon, and pre-monsoon periods. The monsoon, post-monsoon and pre-monsoon ranges of the metal concentrations in the muscles, gills, and livers of fish were respectively as follows: Fe (445.15 to 817.85 µg/g, 503.85 to 940.56 µg/g, and 578.75 to 1144.85 µg/g); Co (6.18 to 17.18 µg/g, 7.46 to 24.28 µg/g, and 10.65 to 41.65 µg/g); Ni (8.66 to 18.25 µg/g, 12.56 to 41.17 µg/g, and 21.75 to 106.46 µg/g); Cu (2.75 to 5.38 µg/g, 9.06 to 29.05 µg/g, and 17.57 to 43.27 µg/g); Zn (38.35 to 99.25 µg/g, 65.96 to 197.95 µg/g, and 100.48 to 431.67 µg/g); Cd (1.45 to 7.56 µg/g, 1.96 to 13.37 µg/g, and 2.45 to 23.36 µg/g); and Pb (1....