Obesity in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (original) (raw)

The Role of Obesity in the Development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2012

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common endocrine diseases that affects women in their reproductive age. PCOS has diverse clinical implications that include reproductive (infertility, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism), metabolic (insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases) and psychological features (increased anxiety, depression and worsened quality of life). The exact patho-physiology of PCOS is complex and remains largely unclear. The prevalence of PCOS is estimated at 4-18%, depending on diverse factors discussed ahead. The phenotype varies widely depending on life stage, genotype, ethnicity and environmental factors including lifestyle and body weight. During the last decades, obesity and excess weight are major chronic diseases all around the word. Obesity increases some features of PCOS such as hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, infertility and pregnancy complications. Both obesity and insulin resistance increase diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, obesity impairs insulin resistance and exacerbates reproductive and metabolic features of PCOS. It is well known that obesity is associated with anovulation, pregnancy loss and late pregnancy complications (pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes). Obesity in PCOS is also linked to failure or delayed response to the various treatments including clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins and laparoscopic ovarian diathermy. It has been reported that, after losing as little as 5 % of initial body weight obese women with PCOS improved spontaneous ovulation rates and spontaneous pregnancy. Therefore, the weight loss prior to conception improves live birth rate in obese women with or without PCOS. The treatment of obesity may include lifestyle therapy (diet and exercise), pharmacological treatment and bariatric surgery. In summary, weight loss is considered the first-line therapy in obese women with PCOS. In the present review, the consequence and treatment of obesity in women with PCOS are discussed.

Influences of weight, body fat patterning and nutrition on the management of PCOS

Human Reproduction, 1997

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous clinical entity that is defined as the association of hyperandrogenism with chronic anovulation in women without specific underlying diseases of the adrenal or pituitary glands. PCOS is also associated with a metabolic disturbance (insulin resistance). The nature of the complex interrelation of obesity, insulin resistance and endocrine abnormalities in PCOS remains unresolved. However, several studies link obesity, body fat distribution and nutritional habitus with the hormonal and metabolic profiles of PCOS. Moreover, intervention studies have suggested that reducing weight and/or hyperinsulinaemia either by diet alone or by a combination of diet and drugs improves hirsutism, fertility and the hormonal and metabolic profiles of PCOS. In fact, the evaluation of nutritional factors in PCOS is helpful for the screening of metabolic abnormalities and the management of women with PCOS. A point of particular interest in the management of PCOS is that the choice of contraception remains difficult in these high cardiovascular risk women. The impact of pills with ethinyl oestradiol on weight, body fat distribution and carbohydrate metabolism in women with PCOS has not been thoroughly evaluated. The lack of prospective studies to evaluate long-term metabolic and cardiovascular tolerance necessitates care and the assessment of other hormonal possibilities.

Family history of PCOS, obesity, low fiber diet, and low physical activity increase the risk of PCOS

Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder and leading cause of prolonged anovulation. PCOS has been linked to a variety of long-term health problems, including: heart disease; metabolic syndrome; and diabetes. It is interesting to know the risk factors for PCOS in local settings.Objective: The aim of this research is to identify PCOS risk factors in our own settings (Asri Medical Center in Yogyakarta), so that we could identify the specific preparation to avoid having disorders personalized in localcharacteristics.Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study. The research was carried out at Asri Medical Center in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, with a total sample size of 92 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups: non-PCOS and PCOS. Data were retrieved using the questionnaire. The variables evaluated were nutritional status, physical activity, carbohydrate diet, fiber diet, family history of ...

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Concerning Hormonal Condition and its Bodily Impact on Women

BioScientific Review

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent hormonal disorder that have severe health consequences for women. It arises in the early puberty stage and affects a large percentage of the world’s population. While the exact cause is unknown, it’s known to cause hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, menstrual irregularities, and ovulatory dysfunction, all of which can lead to infertility and endometrial cancer. Long-term cardiometabolic risks and comorbidities are seen in both slim and obese PCOS patients. Given these serious implications, it’scritical to fully comprehend the pathophysiological relationships that underpin PCOS, so that better treatment plans can be developed and the standard of living for women having this condition may improve. This condition is diagnosed using three separate criteria. Rotterdam criterion is mostly utilized for PCOS diagnosis. Different symptoms of PCOS are treated in different ways. It’s imperative to comprehensively treat these patients as soon a...

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The influence of environmental and genetic factors

2006

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder characterized by hyperandrogenemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and chronic anovulation. It is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age with an enigmatic pathophys- iologic and molecular basis. The high prevalence of affected individuals and the wide range of phenotypic expression can be explained by the interaction of a

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Genetic Predisposition: A Review Article

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous condition which is related to an endocrine reproductive disorder of females. It affects females of 18-44 age. The persistent hormonal disbalance leads to the complexities such as numerous cysts, an irregular menstrual cycle that ultimately leads to infertility among females. Many candidate genes have been identified to be one of the causes of PCOS. Different studies have been carried out to find the genetic correlation of PCOS. It is essential to carry out such studies that identify the clear cause of PCOS and its genetic association and hormonal disbalance. This review has highlighted different genes and their correlation with PCOS that leads to hormonal disbalance. Yet not in-depth but an attempt to study the genetic predisposition of PCOS.

Predicting Risk of Metabolic Disorders in Pcos Women

2011

Polycystic ovary syndrome which is on the rise among adolescent girls is a significant cause of distress to most women affected by it. Women with PCOS are at a higher risk for a number of illnesses, including high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer of the uterus (endometrial cancer) and breast cancer. The current study aims to study the health status of women with PCOS and to predict the risk of metabolic complications in women with PCOS. Women of reproductive age with PCOS with all relevant reports were selected for the study. Most of the PCOS subjects had a tendency of being overweight than normal and had abnormal biochemical parameters both as a consequence of high BMI and imbalanced hormonal levels. The dietary habits are also aggravating their condition as high intake fat will promote their already increasing body fat. The subjects had strong family history of various metabolic complications which is an add-on to their persisting condition and it has placed the...

Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1991

Over the last 40 years, the global prevalence of obesity in women has increased 2.5-fold from 6% to 15%. 1 Over a similar timeframe, the prevalence of obesity-related co-morbidities, of which there are >50 that collectively account for a substantial global health and socioeconomic burden, 2-4 has increased commensurately. The development of many obesity-related conditions is mediated through the deleterious effects of insulin resistance (a consequence of weight gain) or compensatory hyperinsulinaemia, and its associated metabolic dysfunction. 5 These include features of the metabolic syndrome (type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2D], dyslipidaemia and hypertension) and obesity-related malignancies such as endometrial carcinoma. 6 Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an important and highly prevalent obesity-related comorbidity, 7 that develops in girls and women who are genetically predisposed to its development. 8-11 PCOS affects between 6%-10% of reproductive-age women 12-15 and often develops during adolescence. 3 PCOS manifests with the typical clinical features of hyperandrogenism (including acne, hirsutism | |

Obesity Differentially Affects Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

International Journal of Endocrinology, 2012

Obesity or overweight affect most of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Phenotypes are the clinical characteristics produced by the interaction of heredity and environment in a disease or syndrome. Phenotypes of PCOS have been described on the presence of clinical hyperandrogenism, oligoovulation and polycystic ovaries. The insulin resistance is present in the majority of patients with obesity and/or PCOS and it is more frequent and of greater magnitude in obese than in non obese PCOS patients. Levels of sexual hormone binding globulin are decreased, and levels of free androgens are increased in obese PCOS patients. Weight loss treatment is important for overweight or obese PCOS patients, but not necessary for normal weight PCOS patients, who only need to avoid increasing their body weight. Obesity decreases or delays several infertility treatments. The differences in the hormonal and metabolic profile, as well as the different focus and response to treatment between ob...