Critique in Kant's Critique of Practical Reason (original) (raw)
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CONVIVIUM, 2022
Although the Critique of Pure Reason (1781/1787) has been one of the most thoroughly interpreted works in the history of philosophy, De Boer's book is evidence that the possibility of fruitful contemporary re-readings of Kant's critical work is open and still yields polemic inertia. The study, composed by an Introduction, eight Chapters and a Conclusion, connects Kant's Critique to its past and to its future. First, in the link to its past, De Boer depicts Kant's transcendental philosophy as connected to, instead of severed from, the Wolffian tradition; secondly, in the connection to its future, the Architectonic of Pure Reason chapter of the Critique is presented as a united system of pure reason, that is, a blueprint of how Kant anticipated that a complete and scientific system of pure reason or metaphysics should be outlined. Both these key ideas in turn support the book's principal purpose, namely, to present a reading of Kant's first Critique as the examination into the faculty of reason necessary for reforming instead of demolishing metaphysics. The main advantages of this perspec-RESSENYES RESEÑAS / REVIEWS
The Place and Meaning of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (1781) in the legacy of Western philosophy
South African Journal of Philosophy, 1982
Kant's Critique of pure reason (1781) represents an important turning-point in the development of modern philosophy. Before Kant we see the rise of the ideal of the autonomous personality which used, in order to proclaim its freedom, natural science as an instrument to dominate nature. Indeed, Kant tried to consolidate and strengthen the preceding natural science-ideal, but in the restricted form of the rationalistically elevated understanding which-though limited to sensibility in order to save a separate super-sensory domain for the practical-ethical freedom of autonomous manis considered to be the a priori (formal) lawgiver of nature. The nominalistic roots of this conception are seen from the fact that he did not merely transpose the universal side of entities into human understanding, since he actually elevated human understanding to the level of the conditioning order for things: 'understanding creates its (a priori) laws not out of nature, but prescribes them to nature.' Systematic distinctions drawn by Kant are repeatedly related to their historical roots and evaluated by means of immanent criticism (for example in connection with the problems of his Transcendental Dialectics). The influence of this work is mentioned with reference to some philosophical trends and some special sciences (sociology and mathematics). In conclusion a critical appraisal is given of the opposition between analysis and synthesis.
The Critique of Pure Reason (An Introductory Essay to Immanuel Kant's THE CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON)
THE CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON (1st Translation; Francis Heywood) - by Immanuel Kant, 2002
This 'Introductory Essay' is intended for those who are about to make their first acquaintance with Kant's 'Critique of Pure Reason', who perhaps know little or nothing about the life of the author, nor of the place that his ‘Critique of Pure Reason’ has in the history of thought. It will not provide many facts of interest for those already far advanced with their studies of Kant or professors who already appreciate all of the fascinating differences between the first and second editions of Kant’s masterwork. Nor will it teach much to authors who have penned commentaries and text-books on the complex discussions of Time and Space, the Permanence of Substance and the Synthetic Unity of Apperception. However, it will hopefully give some taste of the depth and brilliance of Kant's immortal volume. It can introduce those who are unfamiliar with Kant to a few facts about his life and to some of the ideas with which he excited the thinking community at large, to the extent that his work is still of significance today. Available in a second download from academia.edu is the 'Editor's Note' extracted from the same volume, and that extract explains the significance of Francis Heywood's first English translation of the 'Critique' (also appearing as part of the introductory matter).
Kant's Leap: On Transcendental Deductions in the Critique of Pure Reason
The heart of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason is undoubtedly the Transcendental Deduction: it serves as both core of the Analytic and necessary precursor to the Dialectic. After arguing for the ideality of space and time as the forms of outer and inner intuition, and offering us the Metaphysical Deduction of the Categories, Kant notes that the categories pose a problem that the forms of sensibility did not. It is easy to see how space and time have objective validity, or necessary application to the representations that make up experience, if it is only within space and time that objects can appear to us. What is not yet clear is whether it can be shown that the categories necessarily apply to experience. Kant expresses this as the problem of explaining how " subjective conditions of thinking should have objective validity " (A90/B122-123). One could obviously argue that the pure concepts are only necessary conditions for objects qua thought, not for the constitution of objects as objects. The specter thus arises of an unbridgeable gulf in the heart of Kant's system, between sensibility on the one hand, where things are given, and our understanding, which must think the given. This possibility—which is as great a concern as accounting for the relation between res cogitans and res extensa for Cartesian metaphysics—is the central issue that Kant must address in the Transcendental Deduction. Kant's project stands or falls with the success of the Deduction, so its exegesis must be of the utmost concern for any interpreter. As Kant puts it, " We must surrender completely all claims to insights of pure reason in its favorite field, namely that beyond the boundaries of all possible experience, or else perfect this critical investigation " (A89/B121-122). Whether it is possible to save the project of the Critique is not clear. Addressing this larger issue, however,
Summary Lecture on Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
All knowledge is knowledge of self. All learning travels the path of selfunderstanding. The ancients translated this truth into a moral dictum: know thyself. Any philosophical approach to unraveling the puzzle of self-knowledge must travel through Kant's critical philosophy. His Critique is the Ohio in the election of an answer to the question, who am I? His Critique is the eye of the needle through which the camel of self-knowledge must travel in order to enter the kingdom. Thus, let us look back on the path we have traveled paying special attention to this question so that we will better be able to see what options are open to us by way of contemporary responses to Kant's philosophy of self-knowledge.