Structural changes in the manufacturing sector as an effect of implementing the concept of Industry 4.0 (original) (raw)

Industry 4.0 – Analysis of the Industry Sectors in Czech Republic and Slovakia

EDAMBA 2021 : COVID-19 Recovery: The Need for Speed : Conference Proceedings

Industry 4.0 has become very popular topic in recent years for a lot of people, especially economists, technicians but also teachers. All of them are trying to find out how to implement the ideas of Industry 4.0 in their field, how to develop them and what impact the Industry 4.0 would have. A lot of them are worried about radical changes connected with the implementation is ideas of Industry 4.0, as they understand the Industry 4.0 initiative as revolutionary rather than evolutionary change. In the article, there are data from Eurostat for the NACE sectors breakdown from Czech Republic and Slovakia presented as the background for the main idea of not radical change caused by Industry 4.0. The development of chosen economical indexes for the time-period of 1995 till 2018 are analyzed to illustrate the development of the position of human labor and using the machinery in different kinds of sector types. As the aim of the article is to show, that the fear of radical changes connected ...

Does the New Industrial Strategy for Europe Follow the Path of the Concept of Industry 4.0

Studia Europejskie - Studies in Europan Affairs, 2021

The concept of Industry 4.0 turns 10 years old in 2021. This milestone calls for renewed inquiries to review the current efforts of the European Union (EU) and its Member States towards the modernisation of Euro-pean industry. In 2018, the European Commission published the Digital Transformation Scoreboard 2018: EU businesses go digital: Opportunities, outcomes and uptake, which reports on the readiness for the digital revolution focused on building an economy in line with the concept of Industry 4.0 at three levels: European, national, and business. This study shows how much still remains to be done. At the same time, it identifies some of the key elements contributing to the success in this area, i.e., the digitisation of machines, Big Data, robotics and artifi cial intelligence, which represent the very essence of the idea of revolution 4.0. The aim of the paper is to determine the extent to which the new strategy for industry proposed by the European Commission in 2020 follows the concept of Industry 4.0. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. Statistical analysis was used to demonstrate the importance of industry in the economy of the European Union between 1998 and 2019 in terms of the share in the added value created and the significance for the labour market. The descriptive methods used include a review of the literature and research on the concept of Industry 4.0 and an analysis of the latest strategic documents of the European Commission (EC) in relation to industrial policy.

Awareness of industry 4.0 and its tools across the V4 countries, Serbia and Bulgaria

Serbian Journal of Management

The researched countries, which include the V4 countries, Serbia and Bulgaria, are working to exploit the potential that digitization offers under the Industry 4.0 concept. The rise of Industry 4.0 has resulted in tools such as machine learning, big data, automation, and robotics. In the current environment, we observe it in almost every business entity and across the V4 countries, Serbia and Bulgaria. Awareness of Industry 4.0 continues to grow in the current environment, precisely as a result of the expansion of Industry 4.0. The countries studied are taking Industry 4.0 tools to a new level. To obtain an up-to-date picture of the researched issue, our own questionnaire survey was used, which was used to examine and analyze the current level of Industry 4.0, and the results included in this paper can be compared with the results of the current level of Industry 4.0 in other countries. In order to obtain objective results from the questionnaire survey, five research areas were dete...

Industry 4.0 in Terms of Industrial Relations and Its Impacts on Labour Life

Procedia Computer Science, 2019

In the 18th century, when industrial production began, the use of steam and mechanized production caused serious changes in the economy. As a result, production costs have decreased alongside increase in product quantity and product quality. In this period, production has undergone a revolutionary transformation from manual labour to mechanization. In the following decades, the mass production with the help of electricity have resulted with the Industry 2.0 Era, and then, the emergence of digital revolution, the use of electronics and the use of information technologies in the production processes has triggered the Industry 3.0 Era. Today, the internet of objects, the industrial networks, the cyber-physical systems and the incorporation of robotic technologies into the production has brought the Industry 4.0 Age into the stage. Industry 4.0 has created a new production model where robots are effectively used in production, this new production model has begun to change the daily life, production and working relations as deeply as the first industrial revolution. However, the potential impacts of Industry 4.0 over the labour markets still remains as an understudied scholarly area. It is being evaluated that Industry 4.0 will lead to technological unemployment via changing the structure of employment and bring new structural problems in terms of unemployment and labour relations. Likewise, it is expected that automation and robotic production will deeply affect the unskilled labour force, and will cause a critical decrease in the workforce of vulnerable sections of society, i.e., women, migrants, youth and elderly. This study evaluates the probable effects of the 4th Industrial Revolution over the labour markets. Via the literature review and analysis of the emerging trends with Industry 4.0, the risks, opportunities and challenges of the process is being investigated within a comparative perspective. Abstract In the 18th century, when industrial production began, the use of steam and mechanized production caused serious changes in the economy. As a result, production costs have decreased alongside increase in product quantity and product quality. In this period, production has undergone a revolutionary transformation from manual labour to mechanization. In the following decades, the mass production with the help of electricity have resulted with the Industry 2.0 Era, and then, the emergence of digital revolution, the use of electronics and the use of information technologies in the production processes has triggered the Industry 3.0 Era. Today, the internet of objects, the industrial networks, the cyber-physical systems and the incorporation of robotic technologies into the production has brought the Industry 4.0 Age into the stage. Industry 4.0 has created a new production model where robots are effectively used in production, this new production model has begun to change the daily life, production and working relations as deeply as the first industrial revolution. However, the potential impacts of Industry 4.0 over the labour markets still remains as an understudied scholarly area. It is being evaluated that Industry 4.0 will lead to technological unemployment via changing the structure of employment and bring new structural problems in terms of unemployment and labour relations. Likewise, it is expected that automation and robotic production will deeply affect the unskilled labour force, and will cause a critical decrease in the workforce of vulnerable sections of society, i.e., women, migrants, youth and elderly. This study evaluates the probable effects of the 4th Industrial Revolution over the labour markets. Via the literature review and analysis of the emerging trends with Industry 4.0, the risks, opportunities and challenges of the process is being investigated within a comparative perspective.

Impacts of the Transformation to Industry 4.0 in the Manufacturing Sector: The Case of the U.S

Organizacija

Background and purpose: The transformation to Industry 4.0 increases the number of robots installed within industries, which brings great shifts in industrial ecosystems. For this reason, our research goal was to analyze the key performance indicators to investigate the economic and social sustainability of the changes in production. Methodology: The combination of official (World Bank, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics) and publicly available (Federal Reserve Economic Data, Industrial Federation of Robotics) data was used for statistical data processing, including comparison, correlation, cross-correlation and vector autoregression analysis, to present the past developments and also to predict future trends within the U.S. manufacturing sector. Results: In contrast to robust industry robotization observed in the 2008–2018 period, the share of manufacturing output and employment declined. Nonetheless, the vector autoregression model forecast shows, that the U.S. manufacturing sector h...

The Advent of Industry 4.0 in Manufacturing Industry: Literature Review and Growth Opportunities

2017

Nowadays, the value creation process is based on management of a large amount of data, the Big Data, which are able to connect businesses and customers from all over the world (Xie et al., 2016). Considering the managerial and industrial points of view, Industry 4.0 is a new economic model for the industrial world (Peressotti, 2016), based on the evolution of production paradigm, technological change and process logic adoption: companies should change their business models, invest in staff training, adopting new managerial tools. As a result, the change of the market (from standardized to diversified) with the production of customized products. Machines and robots are able to communicate each other, to take decisions and to self-update. The production lines are automated: control and maintenance tasks can be performed remotely. As a consequence, the creation of the agile value chain: it allows you to monitor large amounts of data in real time, to track status and location of goods, to control the production process distantly. To study the level of adoption of 4.0 industrialization plans, two global indicators have been analyzed: they identify the placement of the largest industrial powers as brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk MICROECONOMICS 633 a result of their industrialization policies adoption. Since the literature review shows few academic contributions and the subject is studied from engineering, computer and industrial design points of view, the objective of the work is to provide a theoretical contribution to managerial and industrial studies: the adoption of innovation in economic policy represents an opportunity to improve the country identity and the competitiveness level. So it is essential to encourage companies to adopt innovative tools, making the production automated. The methodology used is the content analysis technique: literature analysis, reports, conference proceedings, publications and websites are consulted. The originality of the work is to investigate a topic developed recently in Italy.

The Challenges of Defining the Term “Industry 4.0”

Society, 2020

The presented study deals with the definition of the Industry 4.0 phenomenon, which generally refers to the so-called Fourth Industrial Revolution. In the framework of this analysis, the interpretation of this term is examined in strategic documents (from the government, experts, representatives of businessmen and employees) and in the professional literature (expert interpretation of the term). For the purpose of defining the Industry 4.0 concept, a simplified scheme is created which divides it into descriptive and normative definitions. The description of "what is" includes a retrospective on previous industrial revolutions and the definition of possible areas of automation. Conversely, the normative description of "how it should be" works with the sustainability of competition in the global space, while providing guidance on how to prepare society for this (r)evolution. These preparations, which include subsidies to companies, education reforms, planning and reform of the welfare state, automation as a process of excluding an individual from the manufacturing process and cost savings, will lead to the creation of a new society, we argue.

Facing the transition: Visions around Industry 4.0 from makers and manufacturers

2019

The transition towards a digitized industry is full of challenges and perils, as well as it encompasses many business opportunities for the renovation of the European manufacturing sector and the safeguarding of its competitiveness at international markets. Development of a more service-oriented strategy, digitization of entire value chains and introduction of new disruptive technologies in production plants such as IoT, AI, robotics or 3d printing have been commonly argued as imperious needs by the European policy arena. This demand for the development of an Industry 4.0 paradigm in the old continent has also been backed up by significant initiatives such as the “Factories of the Future” Public Private Partnership by the EC as well as other important coordinated efforts at national level by member states. However, this transition towards an automated, connected and smart factory is full of uncertainties, as different concerns regarding unemployment and deskilling, asymmetries betwe...

Impacts and challenges of industry 4.0 in manufacturing: a systematic literature review

The Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences

The concept of Industry 4.0 emerged in Germany as a strategy for innovation and recovery of economic performance and has spread worldwide. The digital transformation proposed by Industry 4.0 is driven by intelligent manufacturing processes, digitalization, flexibility, integration of systems, and real-time analysis of big data generating intelligent processes and services oriented to customer needs. However, despite the opportunities produced by technological innovation, the fourth industrial revolution has established an environment of uncertainty in the labor market and business models reflected throughout the social sphere. Thus, this study aimed to identify the potential impacts and challenges of Industry 4.0 through a systematic literature review (SLR). Our findings pointed to seven potential impacts of Industry 4.0 on manufacturing: (i) environmental, (ii) competitive, (iii) economic, (iv) education, (v) labor market, (vi) business models, and (vii) social. Additionally, six p...