Chemical characteristics of groundwater in Ardabil region, Iran (original) (raw)
Related papers
Hydrochemistry and quality assessment of groundwater in the Ardabil area, Iran
In the study area, groundwater is the main water resource for various purposes such as drinking, agriculture and industrial. To evaluate the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and suitability for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes, seventy-seven samples were collected and analyzed for various ions. Results show that, groundwater in the study area is mainly hard to very hard, and slightly alkaline-fresh to brackish in nature. According to the hydrochemistry diagrams, the main groundwater types are Ca, Mg-HCO 3 , Na-HCO 3 and Na-Cl. Calculation of mineral saturation index indicate that the groundwater samples are saturated with respect to carbonate minerals and under-saturated with respect to sulfate minerals such as gypsum and anhydride. The mineral weathering, mixing, ion exchange and anthropogenic activity are the dominant hydrogeochemical natural processes. Results of investigating the quality of heavy metals and calculating the heavy metal index indicated that the groundwater of study area is not contaminated with heavy metals. In this research, the various indices were used to determine the quality of groundwater for various uses. Calculate the indices and comparison results with the WHO standards to determine the quality of groundwater for various uses indicated that the most of the groundwater in study area is chemically suitable for drinking, industrial and agricultural uses.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2011
The Harzandat plain is part of the East Azerbaijan province, which lies between Marand and Jolfa cities, northwestern of Iran, and its groundwater resources are developed for water supply and irrigation purposes. The main lithologic units consist chiefly of limestone, dolomite, shale, conglomerate, marl, and igneous rocks. In order to evaluate the quality of groundwater in study area, 36 samples were collected and analyzed for various ions. Chemical indexes like sodium adsorption ratio, percentage of sodium, residual sodium carbonate, and permeability index were calculated. Based on the analytical results, groundwater in the area is generally very hard, brackish, high to very high saline and alkaline in nature. The abundance of the major ions is as follows: Cl − >HCO − 3 >SO 2− 4 and Na + >Ca 2+ >Mg 2+ >K + . The dominant hydrochemical facieses of groundwater is Na − Cl type, and alkalis (Na + , K + ) and strong acids (Cl − , SO 2− 4 ) are slightly dominating over alkali earths (Ca 2+ , N. Aghazadeh (B) Mg 2+ ) and weak acids (HCO − 3 , CO 2− 3 ). The chemical quality of groundwater is related to the dissolution of minerals, ion exchange, and the residence time of the groundwater in contact with rock materials. The results of calculation saturation index by computer program PHREEQC shows that nearly all of the water samples were supersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals (calcite, dolomite and aragonite) and undersaturated with respect to sulfate minerals (gypsum and anhydrite). Assessment of water samples from various methods indicated that groundwater in study area is chemically unsuitable for drinking and agricultural uses.
The chemical analysis of 25 water wells in Iranshahr plain has been evaluated to determine the hydro-geochemical processes and ion concentration background in the region. The dominated hydro-chemical types are Na– Cl, Na–SO 4 and Na–HCO 3 and in the whole area. Based on the total hardness, the groundwater is soft. According to electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio, the most dominant classes are C4–S4, C4–S3 and C3–S2. The major ion concentrations are not in the acceptable level for drinking water. The groundwater salinity hazard is low to high but the Na hazard is low to medium and in regard of irrigation water, the quality is low to medium.
Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 2018
The suitability of rural groundwater quality for drinking purposes were investigated in the north west of Iran. Major anions, cations and heavy metals were measured in 39 water wells during the summer and spring seasons. The spatial distribution of major parameters and hydro-chemical faces were described by developing GIS-based maps and Piper and Gibbs diagrams. According to the results, the EC values were in the range of 461 and 2600 μs/cm with the hardness contents between 220 and 720 mg/L as CaCO 3. It was found that, the total hardness is highly correlated with the magnesium concentration than calcium in all samples. The dominant cations and anions were in the order of Mg 2+ > Na + > Ca 2+ > K + and HCO 3-> SO 4 2-> Cl-> NO 3-> F-, respectively. The major water types in the area were fresh (Ca-HCO 3) and saline (Ca-Mg-Cl). Based on Gibbs plot, the main mechanisms controlling groundwater chemistry were rainfall dominance, rock weathering dominance, and evaporationparticipation dominance. The lower quality of water resources sited in the southern and northern parts of the area was observed according to the GIS maps. It was found that
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research
This study aims to evaluate the hydrogeochemistry of aquifers in Fars province, Iran, from 2007 to 2017 and assess the groundwater’s suitability for drinking and agricultural uses. A total of 35,000 samples were collected from wells and qanats across the province. Piper, Gibbs, and Durov diagrams were used to assess the hydrochemical facies and processes. Cross plots of different ions were investigated to assess ion exchange and determine the effects of anthropogenic activities, as well as the weathering and dissolution of different rocks and minerals in the aquifers. Groundwater quality and suitability for agricultural and drinking purposes were also assessed using physicochemical parameters including pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), and calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, sulfate, and chloride concentrations. Suitability for domestic purposes was assessed by comparing these values with the WHO standards. Sodium an...
2012
Present study is an attempt to understand the hydrochem. characteristics of groundwater in Amol-Ghaemshahr region, Mazandaran province in North Iran. Groundwater samples were randomly collected from 77 wells in Amol-Ghaemshahr plain having different depths, varying from 2.4 m to 198 m. The physico-chem. parameters such as pH, elec. cond. (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured in addn. to major cation and anion concns. The abundance of major ions is as follows: Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ and HCO3- > Cl- > SO42- > NO3-. Thematic maps pertaining to pH, TDS, EC, Cl-, NO3-, SO42- and Na+ were presented in Geog. Information System (GIS) based maps. Different classes in thematic maps were categorized as desirable, permissible and unpermissive based on WHO stds. for drinking purposes. The chem. of water samples from coastal aquifer was interpreted by using classical Piper diagrams. The study indicates that Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-Cl are the dominant hydrochem. facies...
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research (JAEHR), 2021
Background: The physicochemical composition of groundwater is affected by the quantity and quality of surrounding aquifers which are in turn recharging from adjacent river waters. Methods: In the present study, 20 surface and 16 groundwater samples were collected in pre- and post-monsoon season from the Jajrood River basin, Tehran, Iran. The samples were analyzed for 18 physicochemical water quality characteristics to assess the river and groundwater qualities. Hydrogeochemical analyses of groundwater samples were also performed to determine the Water Quality Index (WQI) for drinking and evaluate factors governing the water quality characteristic in the study area. Accordingly, the Piper diagram and Gibbs and Chadha plots were drawn to assess seasonal variations in hydrochemical facies and processes in the basin. Subsurface soil samples were also examined with respect to the structure, elemental composition, and multi-elemental trace analysis. Results: Results showed the abundance of major ions in the order of Ca+2 >Na+>Mg+2>K+ for cations and HCO3- >SO42- >Cl- >NO3- >F- for anions. In general, all drinking groundwater samples met WHO permissible limits except for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and HCO3-. Moreover, the water is categorized as Ca-Mg-HCO3 type. Subsurface soil analyses demonstrated quartz and calcium carbonate as the main phases of soil structure, suggesting the enrichment of groundwater with temporary hardness. Conclusion: Overall, the groundwater quality was suitable for drinking and agricultural activities.
The hydrochemical assessment of groundwater resources in the Kadkan basin, Northeast of Iran
Carbonates and Evaporites, 2015
Hydrochemical investigations were carried out in the Kadkan area, northeastern Iran, to assess the chemical composition of groundwater. A total of 131 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for major cations and anions. The domination of cations and anions was in the order of Na ? [ Ca 2? [ Mg 2? [ K ? for cations and Cl-[ SO 4 2-[ HCO 3-[ CO 3 2in anions. The groundwater is under-saturated with respect to anhydrate, aragonite, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, and CO 2. In this investigation, multivariate statistical techniques were used to identify and understand hydrochemical association and processes leading to the variability of groundwater quality. Factor analysis was applied to all groundwater samples and 11 variables. This analysis revealed that three main factors affecting the groundwater chemistry can be distinguished in this plain. Factor 1 includes the major ions in aqueous solution and accounts for 51.68 % of the total variance. Factor 2 accounts for 15.39 % of total variance and includes the parameters pH, Ca, and CO 3 in the plain, suggesting that the geology of some parts of the area is primarily limestone. Factor 3 includes the parameters Mg and HCO 3 and accounts for 11.63 % of the total variance. These parameters have a geological source. The hydrochemical processes of groundwater in the Kadkan aquifer are mainly influenced by the major ions, degree of dissolution of NaCl-bearing minerals, and geology.
Assessment of groundwater quality and hydrochemical characteristics in Farashband plain, Iran
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2016
Groundwater in Farashband plain, Southern Iran, is the main source of water for domestic and agricultural uses. This study was carried out to assess the overall water quality and identify major variables affecting the groundwater quality in Farashband plain. The hydrochemical study was undertaken by randomly collecting 84 groundwater samples from observation wells located in 13 different stations covering the entire plain in order to assess the quality of the groundwater through analysis of major ions. The water samples were analyzed for various physicochemical attributes. Groundwater is slightly alkaline and largely varies in chemical composition; e.g., electrical conductivity (EC) ranges from 2314 to 12,678 μS/cm. All the samples have total dissolved solid values above the desirable limit and belong to a very hard type. The abundance of the major ions is as follows: Na + > Ca 2+ > Ma 2+ > K + and Cl − > SO 4 2-> HCO 3 −. Interpretation of analytical data shows three major hydrochemical facies (Ca-Cl, Na-Cl, and mixed Ca-Mg-Cl) in the study area. Salinity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, and sodium percentage (Na%) indicate that most of the groundwater samples are not suitable for irrigation as well as for domestic purposes and far from drinking water standard. A comparison of groundwater quality in relation to drinking water standards showed that most of the water samples are not suitable for drinking purposes. Based on the US salinity diagram, most of samples belong to high salinity and low to very high sodium type.
British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 2014
In arid regions, people strive to have high drinking water quality resource. Limited water resources in arid regions present a critical factor that affects economic and societal development. The hydrogeological and hydrological conditions in such areas are extreme variable and affect largely the hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater system. This study was carried out in Elhasya (Edfu, Aswan, Egypt) with an objective of understanding the suitability of local groundwater quality for domestic purposes in such arid climate region and to investigate the potential impact of untreated sewage discharges and irrigation canals on groundwater quality. In order to accomplish these targets, 250 water samples were collected from 4 groundwater wells and analyzed for physical, chemical and biological parameters in the period from Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2012. The hydrological characteristics of the region have been identified. Aquachem tool was used to define and characterize the hydrchemistry of the pumped water samples. Wells can be considered neutral to slightly alkaline, pH is around (6.5-8.5). Cations (Mg 2+ , Na + and Ca 2+) and anions (HCO 3-, Cl-, and SO4 2-) were measured using ion chromatography instrument and it was clear that they did not exceed the recommended limits of world health organization (WHO) nor the Egyptian standards. However, bacteriological and biological results refer to that the wells are contaminated and a dose of disinfectant should be injected for drinking use. Stiff and piper diagrams were used to evaluate the hydrochemistry of groundwater of the study area. According to the plotting results, we can say that the majority of groundwater samples was characterized by the abundance alkaline earth metals (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+) over of the alkalis (Na + , K +). In conclusion, it is apparent that the pumped water in El-Hasya city needs to be injected with dose of disinfectant to promote the biological activity so as to be suitable for drinking uses.