Assessment of the changes in the stress related salivary cortisols levels induced during different Dental procedures (original) (raw)
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Dental anxiety and salivary cortisol levels before urgent dental care
Journal of Oral Science, 2009
Dental anxiety is still prevalent, despite advances in treatment, and affects the utilization of health care services. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine if patients with different degrees of dental anxiety and pain undergoing emergency dental care have different stress reactions as measured by salivary cortisol. Seventy three patients completed the modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS), and described any previous dental traumatic experience. Their socio-demographic characteristics were also recorded. They also rated pain intensity on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). A saliva sample was collected before the procedure, and analyzed by enzyme immunoassay. Thirty patients were dentally anxious and forty one complained of pain. In this sample, dental anxiety was not related to gender, age, educational level and family income; however, a previous traumatic event was related to dental anxiety. There was no association between salivary cortisol concentrations and gender or dental anxiety. Patients with pain showed higher cortisol levels. When gathering patient information, the dentist should note patients' negative dental experiences in order to provide more effective, less traumatic treatment.
The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery, 2015
We measured changes in the salivary concentrations of cortisol as an index of stress, and to find out if patients were stressed during routine intra-alveolar dental extractions. A total of 126 patients (63 experimental and 63 controls) matched for age and sex with a mean (SD) age of 26 (5) years (range 18-40) were recruited. Samples of saliva from patients whose glands had not been stimulated were collected twice from the study group (30minutes before, and 10minutes after, the procedure) and once from the control subjects. All samples were collected between 10.00 and 14.00hours to standardise the method and control for the diurnal variation of cortisol. There was a slight but not significant increase in the mean salivary concentration of cortisol between the preoperative samples (mean (SD) 12.3 (1.5)ng/ml and the postoperative samples 12.8 (2.3)ng/ml in the study group) and the control 8.7 (1.0)ng/ml. However, there was no difference between the sexes. The study highlights a simple ...
Salivary cortisol-marker of stress response to different dental treatment
Romanian journal of internal medicine = Revue roumaine de médecine interne, 2006
The measurement of salivary cortisol provides a stress-free, non-invasive collection procedure, which reflects the changes in the hormone plasma levels. The aims of the present study were to determine the level of stress displayed by healthy patients who underwent different types of routine dental treatment procedures and to detect a possible correlation between cortisol and oxidative stress in periodontal disease. 36 subjects took part in this study. Patients received routine dental procedures or underwent oral surgery. The physiologic stress response was determined using salivary cortisol assessment. Total antioxidant capacity of saliva and uric acid was also measured. Salivary cortisol assessment was made in whole saliva by an ELISA extraction-free technique using a Serozyme Cortisol kit (ADALTIS, Italy) for serum and urine and adapted to saliva. Method's sensibility for saliva is 0.55 ng/mL. Uric acid was measured by uricase using a kit from Diamedix and the total antioxidan...
Salivary Cortisol Measurement as a Test for Dental Anxiety Before Tooth Extraction
Dental and Medical Problems, 2015
Dental procedures are a source of anxiety for many people. Most patients consider dental appointments unpleasant [1]. Dental anxiety is considered to be a natural reaction of the body, and its origin is multifactorial. Fear of pain which the patient may experience in the dental office is a major cause of anxiety. Other factors that may cause anxiety are noise and vibration of dental drills, the appearance of dental instruments, bad taste and odor of drugs, immobilization in dental chair, and lack of information about the treatment. Anxiety or fear associated with dental procedures is a source of patient's oral problems and it makes it difficult for the physician to perform surgery [2, 3].
Salivary Cortisol as a Stress Monitor During Third Molar Surgery
Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, 2020
Background Procedures in oral surgery, especially surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar is often considered anxiety-producing and stressful. This study evaluated the effect of oral sedation (5 mg diazepam) on the physiological stress level in subjects that underwent surgical extraction of the mandibular third molar by measuring the change in salivary cortisol concentration. Subjects and methods 204 salivary samples were collected from 102 subjects between 9.00 am and 12.00 pm to standardise the diurnal variations of cortisol secretion. Saliva samples were collected 45 min before and 15 min after surgical extraction from each subject in either group. The samples were stored in the freezer (-20°C) until analysis was done in the laboratory using salivary cortisol ELISA kits (DiaMetra S.r.l., Eagle Biosciences, Italy), and the cortisol concentration was measured with a microplate reader. Results There was a statistically significant change (p = \0.001 between the pre-surgical extraction salivary cortisol concentration of all subjects with a median of 7 ng/ ml and post-surgical extraction salivary cortisol concentration of both the study and the control groups with a median of 17 ng/ml and 15 ng/ml, respectively. Only 11.8% of subjects in the study group had a reduction in post-surgical salivary cortisol concentration, while in the control group, 3.9% of subjects had a reduction in post-surgical salivary cortisol concentration. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.135). Conclusions Hence, oral sedation has no significant impact on physiological stress during the surgical extraction of the mandibular third molar. However, salivary cortisol concentration can adequately reflect the stress induced by surgical extraction in subjects and its usefulness as a biomarker in stress research. Furthermore, the type of disimpaction of mandibular third molar affects salivary cortisol concentration, with distoangular disimpaction having the highest cortisol concentration and more stressful to subjects when compared to other types of disimpaction.
Estimation of salivary cortisol among subjects undergoing dental extraction
Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, 2018
Dental procedures can be stressful and studies have shown that salivary cortisol is elevated during such procedures. Our study aimed to evaluate saliva cortisol levels among the subjects who underwent dental extractions and to compare it with that of the controls. The secondary objective of the study was to evaluate any correlation between salivary cortisol and hemodynamic parameters. We conducted this clinical study among subjects, who were indicated for dental extraction. Saliva samples from the subjects in the study group were collected before and after (10 mins) the dental extraction. Hemodynamic parameters like heart rate, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and oxygen saturation (Sp O2) were measured 10 minutes prior to the dental extraction and after completion of the extraction by a single trained examiner. Salivary cortisol was estimated by solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 31 subjects in the study group and 24 subjects in contr...
Salivary Cortisol Changes in Children During Simple Dental Procedures
Research Reviews Journal of Dental Sciences, 2014
Dental environment may be a source of stress for young children. Such stressful conditions may provoke fear and anxiety in children. Therefore stress factor is high in children visiting dentists and this stress may increase or decrease in the subsequent visits that follow dependent upon to what they are exposed to. Cortisol, called also "stress hormone" participates in organism"s response to stress situations and enters into complex interactions with the hormonal and immune system of a man.The salivary cortisol levels were investigated in 60 children who were divided into study and control groups respectively. The control group was not subjected to any treatment except for collection of saliva. Children belonging to the study group were subjected to dental scaling and the procedures were completed in three appointments. Saliva samples were collected from all the children during all the appointments. Salivary cortisol levels were evaluated using the ELISA kit supplied by Salimetrics. The results indicated that the salivary cortisol levels increased in the study group when compared to the control groups and within the study group the salivary cortisol levels in the second appointment were on a higher level when compared to the first and third appointments.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2022
Aim: Dental procedures in general range from simple examination to complex stressful procedures like extractions. This can cause varied levels of anxiety in children based on the severity and duration of the procedure. This study was designed with the aim to assess changes in salivary cortisol levels due to the various dental procedures carried out in children. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of a total of 30 children of the 5-9 age group whose parents consented to examination and further treatment. Children who had been given a Frankl score of positive (+) or definitely positive (++) upon initial examination were only included in the study. Children with negative (-) and definitely negative (--) Frankl scores, any history of systemic diseases, on corticosteroid therapy, having fever, or medically compromised were excluded from the study. Unstimulated saliva was collected before and after the procedure and was analysed using ELISA. The data collected was statistically an...
Salivary cortisol in stress research
Background and purpose: The measurement of salivary cortisol provides a stress-free, noninvasive collection procedure, which reflects the changes in plasma levels of the hormone. The aims of the present study were to determine the level of stress displayed by healthy patients who underwent different types of routine dental treatment procedures and to detect possible correlation between cortisol and oxidative stress in periodontal disease. Material and Methods: 36 subjects took part in this study. Patients received routine dental procedures or underwent oral surgery. The physiologic stress response was determined using salivary cortisol assessment.Total antioxidant capacity of saliva and uric acid were also measured. Salivary cortisol assessment was made in whole saliva by an ELISA extraction-free technique using a Serozyme Cortisol kit ( ADALTIS, Italy) for serum and urine and adapted to saliva. Method s sensibility for saliva is 0,55 ng/mL.. Uric acid was measured by uricase using a kit from Diamedix and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) using the spectrophotometric assay, also called "Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity"(TEAC). This method is adaptations of the ABTS assay Results: Cortisol levels are influenced by the duration and types of treatment and anesthesia.
Salivary Cortisol Changes in Children During Dental Extractions
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental sciences, 2014
Dental environment may be a source of stress for young children. Such stressful conditions may provoke fear and anxiety in children. Therefore stress factor is high in children visiting dentists and this stress may increase or decrease in the subsequent visits that follow dependent upon to what they are exposed to, during these visits especially high anxiety provoking procedures like dental extractions. Cortisol, called also "stress hormone" participates in organism's response to stress situations and enters into complex interactions with the hormonal and immune system of a man. The salivary cortisol levels were investigated in 60 children who were divided into study and control groups respectively. The control group was not subjected to any treatment except for collection of saliva. Children belonging to the study group were subjected to dental extraction as indicated and were performed in three scheduled appointments. Saliva samples were collected from all the children during all the appointments. Salivary cortisol levels were evaluated using the ELISA kit supplied by Salimetrics. The results indicated that the salivary cortisol levels increased in the study group when compared to the control groups and within the study group the salivary cortisol levels in the second appointment were on a higher level when compared to the first and third appointments.