Applications of supercritical fluid extraction in multidimensional systems (original) (raw)
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Yesterday , Today and Tomorrow of Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Chromatography
2013
The aim of this special issue of the American Journal of Analytical Chemistry (AJAC) on Supercritical Fluids is to promote knowledge about this rapidly developing area of analytical chemistry, which is very useful in fields such as the pharmaceutical and pesticide manufacturing industries, food production, clinical medicine and environmental studies. In this issue, the use of Supercritical Fluids (SFs) in Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) is described.
Editorial: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow of Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Chromatography
American Journal of Analytical Chemistry
The aim of this special issue of the American Journal of Analytical Chemistry (AJAC) on Supercritical Fluids is to promote knowledge about this rapidly developing area of analytical chemistry, which is very useful in fields such as the pharmaceutical and pesticide manufacturing industries, food production, clinical medicine and environmental studies. In this issue, the use of Supercritical Fluids (SFs) in Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) and Supercritical Fluid Chroma- tography (SFC) is described.
Fundamentals and Applications of Supercritical Fluid Extraction in Chromatographic Science
Journal of Chromatographic Science, 1989
The unique properties of supercritical fluids have prompted their use for a variety of applications in the field of analyticai chemistry. Perhaps the most widely cited use of these compressed fluids has been in the field of chromatography, either as mobile phase eluents or as extraction solvents. This study examines the various modes in which supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) can be employed by the chromatographer.
Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, 1995
The possibility of using supercritical-fluid chromatographic retention data for examining the effects of operational parameters, such as pressure and flow rate, on the extraction characteristics in supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE) was investigated. A model was derived for calculating the extraction efficiency in SFE from retention data and peak shapes measured in supercritical-fluid chromatography (SFC). By performing the SFC experiments at the same pressure and temperature as the SFE extractions using the SFE extraction cell as the SFC column, an accurate prediction of extraction efficiencies could be made. Finally, the effects of matrix composition and analyte concentration on extraction efficiency were studied.
Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2021
On-line supercritical fluid extractionsupercritical fluid chromatographymass spectrometry (SFE-SFC-MS) has been applied for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the first on-line SFE-SFC-MS method for the quantification of PAHs in various types of soil. By coupling the sample extraction on-line with chromatography and detection, sample preparation is minimized, diminishing sample loss and contamination, and significantly decreasing the required extraction time. Parameters for on-line extraction coupled to chromatographic analysis were optimized. The method was validated for concentrations of 10-1500 ng of PAHs per gram of soil in Certified Reference Material (CRM) sediment, clay, and sand with R 2 ≥ 0.99. Limits of detection (LOD) were found in the range of 0.001-5 ng/g, and limits of quantification (LOQ) in the range of 5-15 ng/g. The method developed in this study can be effectively applied to the study of PAHs in the environment, and may lay the foundation for further applications of on-line SFE-SFC-MS.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction: A Review
Journal of Biological and chemical Chronicles
INTRODUCTION: Across globe research is been conducted to assess the efficacy of many emerging non-thermal technologies in food processes to minimize the deleterious effects of thermal conventional process like, pulsed electric field 1 , Ohmic heating 2 , ultraviolet light 3 , pulsed-light technology 4,5 , ultrasound 6 , cold plasma 7 , high hydrostatic pressure 8 and ultra-high pressure homogenization 9. Consumers crave for food with better nutritional quality, coupled with food safety and use of green technology. 10 The number of potential applications for supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) continues to grow globally, which is verified through the increase in patents deposited in the last few years. It is observed that its application is already part of the present scenery, being mainly impelled by the growing demand of high quality products demand and economy's globalization. Besides that, it also stands out in its use in the commerce of pharmaceutical, food, chemical, and cosmetic materials. The increase in the application of this technology in the industrial area is mainly due to the selectivity, facility, and separation capacity that the technique allows in obtaining a great number of organic compounds, of which many are impossible or nonviable to extract through traditional processes, or those whose purification needs high resolution columns , not always available in the national market, thereby making the utilization very costly. The high utilization of organic solvents in the different industrial processes, such as fat and oil extraction, obtaining bioactive functional compounds, removal of heavy metals, polymer processing, fuel production, among others, represent a globally discussed issue, due to the harm caused to the environment. In light of this picture, in 1987, the Montreal Protocol was introduced, and in 1997 the Kyoto Protocol, which had as the main objective to restrict or eliminate the production and utilization of solvents that cause harm to the ozone layer. 11 The great interest of the scientific community and the industrial sector for SFE is directly related to the restrictions to the use of organic solvents, both in the preparative processes of samples used in the various industries, and in a higher ecological consciousness in the use of different analysis methods involving extraction. The extraction technique most widely known as supercritical fluid Extraction (SFE) Since its inception has been touted for its exceptional performance. 12 Presently, the utilization of SFE is extensively applied not only to the food and drug areas, but also in the areas of toxicology, chemistry, environment, textile, petrochemical, polymers, among others. 13 Significant
TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 1995
Identical principles govern the theory and application of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) whether they are applied in the field of chemical engineering or analytical chemistry. We have used these principles to develop instrumentation and methodology that can be used to solve a wide range of analytical and laboratory problems. The development of larger scale extractors for analytical use will be presented, including modules which allow the extraction of larger samples, multiple samples simultaneously, and highly viscous materials. Key components in the design of these extractors, such as fluid delivery systems, collection devices, and cosolvent addition schemes, will also be described. This equipment and the components have been integrated into a laboratorywide extraction and processing system. TrAC Contributions Articles for this journal are generally commissioned. Prospective authors who have not been invited to write should first approach one of the Contributing Editors, or the Staff Editor in Amsterdam (see below), with a brief outline of the proposed article including a few references. Authors should note that all manuscripts are subject to peer review, and commissioning does not automatically guarantee publication.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction-A Green Paradigm in the Area of Separation Science
Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013
Supercritical fluids are increasingly replacing the organic solvents that are used in industrial purification and recrystallization operations because of regulatory and environmental pressures on hydrocarbon and ozone-depleting emissions. With increasing scrutiny of solvent residues in pharmaceuticals, medical products, and neutraceuticals, and with stricter regulations the use of supercritical fluids is rapidly proliferating in all industrial sectors. One such major application is the use of supercritical fluids for extraction which is an environment-friendly process. Extracts obtained using this technology is superior in quality with higher yield and no residual solvent. In all the extraction processes generally carbon dioxide is used as solvent, which is regarded as safe for extraction of natural products. The extraction processes are being commercialized in the polymers, pharmaceuticals, specialty lubricants and fine chemicals industries and are advantageously applied to increasing product performance to levels that cannot be achieved by traditional technologies. Such applications for supercritical fluids offer the potential for both technical and economic success.