Race and Anomie: A Comparison of Crime Among Rural Whites and Urban Blacks Based on Social Structural Conditions (original) (raw)
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The Push Out: A Disproportionality Study on Discipline in the State of Florida
2019
This mixed method sequential exploratory study was conducted to emphasize and investigate disproportionality in discipline, noting the prevalence of the issue of equity and the salience of FL as context. This study applied the extant model for investigating disproportionality in a setting where such an investigation is highly relevant due to Florida's statistical positioning in the area of student discipline. This study investigated for potential biases that guide differences in the rates that males and Blacks experience exclusionary discipline within the 67 regular school districts. The analysis from this study, which used relative rate ratio and policy analysis, presents results showing that a disproportionality exists at a rate of 2 to 2.3 times for the affected demographic groups. The findings suggest a need for policy language to address this disparity, as well as a change in practice. iv To my daughters, thank you for being proud of me and for being my pride and joy. You are forever my WHY and forever my babies. To my best girlfriends: Niphtane, Bureen, Djenie and Karlene, I am humbled and grateful by the support you showed me during this process; you pushed, you prayed, you listened but most importantly you were present. To my macome, a wordsmith after my own heart, thank you. To my parents, there is no greater love than that of a parent who prays for a child. Papi thank you for answering my calls, momma thank you for feeding my stomach and my spirit. When you came to America it was to provide us with an opportunity to dream and make those dreams come true, mesi anpil, mil fwa mesi. To my sister Sen and my cousin JuJu, thank you for being my biggest cheerleaders; FOE (family over everything). To my love, I did it, I am Dr. Pierre. Thank You and I LOVE YOU! v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS When I started this journey, I was sure of so many things except for the goal I wanted to achieve. This process has made me question, has made me cry, but most importantly it has allowed me to grow as both a person and an educator. None of this growth, nor would this moment have been possible without my village, my team. First, I would like to thank God for giving me strength when I had none and listening to both my prayers and my cries. It is said that Faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen (Hebrews 11:1). I believe that my faith and God's mercy brought me this far, for it wasn't my strength. I would like to thank my committee chair and advisor, Dr. Jerry Johnson. You not only guided me through this process, but you made sure I understood the why of everything you asked me to do and helped to remember the WHY of this process, when I was unsure. Thank you for being understanding, for believing in me and for helping me to develop into both a scholar and a practitioner. Along with my Chair I'd like to thank my committee: Dr. Walter Doherty who believed in me enough to endorse my entrance into this program, Dr. Terri Fine whose policy expertise and attention to detail provided invaluable feedback, and Dr. Thomas Vitale for sharing your expertise. To Cohort 6, thank you for learning alongside me and being open to sharing in both the joys and the pains of this process. Although we all finished at different times, I truly feel that we
The average black girl that I know had courage that surpassed her every fear…" (Johnson, 2015) This study is dedicated to the phenomenal African American women in search of a better life for themselves through the pursuit of education. This is also dedicated to the women in my study, who beyond all obstacles and challenges that life brings, continue to take care of themselves, their families and their communities by staying true to our ancestral heritage. I thank them for trusting me to tell their stories of challenge and triumph. I also thank them for reminding us that we RISE! Next, I dedicate this to my first teacher and role model, my mother Norma Ruth Stoker-Mtume. I watched her work 3 jobs and pursue her Bachelor's Degree while I was in junior high school. She then completed her Master's Degree when I was in 10 th grade amidst all of the challenges she faced. Her persistence and dedication lighted a fire in me that never dimmed. She continues to inspire me to greatness Finally, I dedicate this to my two African American girls, Khadijah Kharriem and Aaliyah Regine. I pray this makes you proud of mommy! Thank you for sacrificing so much of your time and energy to help me pursue my goal of the Ph.D. Thank you for always doing your best to make a difference in our world. May God continue to bless. Much Love vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ for the opportunity to achieve this dream. I have been blessed with some of the most powerful African American Women to grace the earth as guides to my educational experience. My first schooling took place at Oakland Community School, run by the Black Panther Party There I not only learned to love me, but to love my people and to fight injustice. I also thank God for the motivation and financing of my paternal grandmother Glorya Jane Armour and my aunt Hilda J. Craddock who supported my educational goals through high school and into college and shared, often, there great expectations for me. My pursuit of the PhD began with my Master's degree practicum professor, Dr. Sharon Grant-Henry. I promised her I would one day "earn this PhD from a reputable university." Although she has left us here on earth, I know that she beams with pride as she looks into my life today. My first course with Dr. Joi A. Spencer led me to one of the most challenging and inspirational courses of my education; the reading coupled with the pregnancy were an interesting match made in heaven. However, it did so much more than that-it led me to my mentor and friend. Your belief in me, your patience with me, and your high expectations were phenomenally important as I pushed through this six-year journey. Thank you for always being there to encourage me. To my advisor in this program, Dr. Lea Hubbard, thank your for believing in the dream I had to powerfully share the voice of people of color and specifically that of African American women. I appreciate your insight and feedback into this process. Dr. Christopher Newman, I thank you for being a willing and important participant on this roller coaster ride. I appreciate your thoughtfulness, your viii encouragement and your constant insight into my topic and into my success as a student. Dr. Zachary Greene, I thank your for the course, Human Development. It was one of the most powerful examples of love and caring for other human beings that I have ever experienced. Dr. Karen Lee I could only dream of being able to teach with the knowledge and confidence that you exude in every of life. Thank you for constantly being there and for igniting the fire of quantitative data and analysis in me once again. The support of my Fall 2011 cohort was motivational and I am grateful for Mara, Jessica, Jenny, and Kathryn. Thank also to the professors that believed in me and encouraged me through this long process of personal growth and development. Finally to my family and friends who literally lifted me up in prayer through this journey. Mom Lorraine Henderson first called me "Doctor" 20 years ago and she and Joslynn Brookins were there to push me into my destiny. To my godmother Rev. Donna Edward for her spiritual guidance and support, to Bishop Terrell A. Fletcher for the friendly competition and support and to my mentor Pastor Eric Wilson for being there to push and support me and my husband every step of the way. To those who kept the baby while I wrote, Carla and Maurcell Gresham, Kayres and Carol Stockdale, Tita and James Mills, my grandmother Lurlene Stoker and countless others. Thank you village! To the best friends a girl could ever have, those that prove the #blackgirlmagic is real~ Dawn McNulty Watts, Yolanda Hunter, Yolanda Wooten Meade, Penny McNeil and the Spring 1989 Kiungo Line of the Nu Upsilon chapter of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc., thank you! Your love and motivation are life giving! Finally to my friend, my lover, the financier of my educational experience and the best father I could have ever asked to co-parent with, Andre Ramon Kirkendoll, thank you for your patience and love.
African American Experiences of Race Relations in the Supervision Dyad
PsycEXTRA Dataset
Thank you God! Thank you God for the opportunity to shine and to successfully reach a major milestone in my personal and professional life. Thank you God that the doctoral journey is finally over. I also thank you God for bringing champions into my life that have supported me along the way. I'd like to acknowledge those champions. First, my husband, Joe "stud" Johnson. You are my friend and my partner. You truly inspire me. Your sense of humor, smile, encouragement, tough love when I want to slack off, understanding, and affection has helped me to reach my goals. I love you and I feel privileged that I get to experience this life with you. Gammy and Aunt Cherry, you are the wise women who have listened to me ramble on and on about all things graduate school. Thank you for being my cheerleaders and for being genuinely interested in my world. To my sister, Ashlee who reminds me that I have a job to do. My biggest priority is being a big sister that you can be proud of. I live each day with you in mind. Thank you so much for loving me, believing in me, encouraging me, and reminding me that I have something to offer this world. My youngest sisters, Kyema, Trenae, India and all of my godsiblings. Don't you ever forget that you are special and brilliant. Your intellect, talents, gifts, and passions will ultimately make this world a better place. Everyone knows that I do this work for all of the young woman and men who are hungry for a little encouragement. Know that when things got difficult for me, you were MY encouragement. Let's celebrate this victory together. iv to ever happen to the Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology Department. Words can't express the depth of my gratitude. I'd also like to say thank you to those individuals at the Graduate College, particularly Linda Comrie and Tony Dennis that are the nicest most genuine Broncos at WMU. Too often your support goes unrecognized. Finally, I dedicate this accomplishment to my mother-Shawn Diane Pritchett, GodMother -Yvette Morgan, grandfather-Juston "Jerry" Threets, and uncle-Scott Derek Pritchett. Please know that while you rest in the heavens above I rejoice in the fact that I was blessed to know you in the first place. Your spirit lives on in me and in all that I do. Thank you so much for impacting my life in such a magnificent way. Through me, others will know just how phenomenal you were and are.
Getting to Graduation: The Journey of Low-Income Black Females in the Community College
2019
This dissertation is dedicated to all the Black women and girls who find a way to get it all done and make it look flawless. I see you. We see each other. The world sees you. In the words of Drake, "You know it's real when you are who you think you are." iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS With God, all things are possible. I could not have made it through this journey without God's grace and mercy. To my parents, thank you for being the best parents in the world and treating me like I could conquer any and everything with hard work and dedication. Thank you for allowing me to be me. I would like to acknowledge the gatekeepers at the colleges. You all were instrumental in helping me find participants for this study and your efforts are more than appreciated. Next, I would like to acknowledge my employer and all the support that was given in helping me to start and finish this degree. Additionally, I would like to acknowledge my committee for pushing me (and allowing me to get to this point). Specifically, thank you to Dr. Doug Smith for guiding me through this journey and Dr. Spencer Platt for always being in my corner and stepping in when needed. I would also like to acknowledge my cohort mate and writing partner, Dr. Whitney Prowell. The dissertation process can be very lonely, but you asked if we could write together and I appreciate you for that. Jesse Ford…thank you for being my biggest supporter and I look forward to the day when I call you Dr. Ford. I would also like to acknowledge the many individuals, personally and professionally, who prayed, asked questions, and supported me during this time. You all were instrumental in helping me get through this journey also. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the Center for the Study of Community Colleges for providing funding to support this research.
Trajectory of trauma: The experiences of Black girls in the school-to-prison pipeline
2020
Ypsilanti, Michigan TRAJECTORY OF TRAUMA ii Dedication "There is really no such thing as the 'voiceless.' There are only the deliberately silenced, or the preferably unheard."-Arundhati Roy This work is dedicated to the deliberately silenced. May you be silenced no longer. TRAJECTORY OF TRAUMA iii Acknowledgements This dissertation is proof of what is possible when you are surrounded by a community of love and support. I would be remiss to not include in this space some words to acknowledge some of the most critical members of my community. First, I am forever indebted to the amazing young women who were willing to share their voices with me. You know who you are. You are heard and you are loved. Next, I have to absolutely acknowledge the amazing support of my dissertation committee. Dr. Joe Bishop, thank you for hopping along for this ride and for your critical guidance. Dr. Barbara Walters, I have so much appreciated your encouragement in this process and love that your check-ins always went beyond just how my writing was going, but also about how I was doing. Dr. Sylvia Jones, your support and energy truly cannot be matched. And of course, my chairperson, Dr. Christopher Robbins. Your endless support has not gone unnoticed. I appreciate your willingness to share your genius and your generous offering of guidance and encouragement along this arduous process. But most importantly, thank you for trusting me to do this work and giving me the freedom to do it my way. When I first began this doctoral program, Dr. Valerie Polakow immediately recognized and encouraged my passion on my research topic. And while we were not able to complete my doctoral journey together (she has traveling to do!), her guidance and mentorship have been immeasurable. Completing a dissertation can be a lonely process. Thanks to some amazing writing companions and friends, this one hasn't been so bad. Huge shout out to my colleagues that have spent countless hours in classes and library trips with me and have supported me even as they worked to complete their own research. This work wouldn't have happened without the TRAJECTORY OF TRAUMA iv sisterhood of amazing people I've somehow managed to amass: Nicole, Dyann, Nigora, Audrey, Katja, and Faith. You are all wonderful and I'm so proud of all of us! For the duration of this dissertation I have also worked as a full time high school teacher, a job that even without the added weight of attempting to complete a dissertation, can be trying and exhausting. Thankfully I have had the opportunity to work with some of the best educators who have kept me encouraged and supported my work and have cheered me on along this dissertation process. To Kelly, Angela, Justin, and Damon-thank you! In the midst of my doctoral journey I was blessed with the new role of being bonus mother to three of the most amazing humans I've met. Jacodi, Jovani, and Kasidee-your love and encouragement has helped to sustain me throughout this process. Not a single White board message went unnoticed. I am honored to be able to have stepped into your lives. My parents, while they may not have always understood my journey, have always given everything they can to support me along the way. You have both taught me what it means to work hard and I won't ever forget that. Thank you for all that you do for me, Jay, and the kids. I love you! Jermaine Lenard Bester. My love. This literally would not have happened without you. You've talked me off so many ledges and breathed so much life into me. Thank you for not allowing me to give up, despite my many attempts. Thank you for wiping away my tears and hugging away my numerous breakdowns. Thank you for your motivational gifts and your constant words of encouragement. Thank you for being you. They really probably need to add a spot on my degree for your name. I love you more than there is space to explain on this (or any) page. To the moon and back.
2014
This body of work is dedicated to the loving memory of my mother, Mrs. Emmie Jones Cochran, and to Mrs. Claudette Simon, two very extraordinarily wonderful women. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The list of people whom I must thank for helping me to achieve this great honor is tremendously long and I know that someone will inadvertently be left off. First and foremost to my family, Jerome Jackson and Devin Cochran, I love you both very much and would not have been able to accomplish this without your daily presence. To my committee chair, Dr. Heying Jenny Zhan, you truly are a consummate professional, and an angel sent from heaven. Thank you for the herculean effort of working tirelessly with me to finish this. The many hours you spent in the office, in your home, and on the telephone talking and texting back and forth with me will never be forgotten. To my committee, Dr. Adia Harvey Wingfield, thank you very much for your expertise and knowledge. Thank you for selflessly sharing this with me to assure the delivery of a substantive work. To Dr. Tomeka M. Davis, I sincerely thank you for all of the sources you sent to me. I could have never fleshed out the proposal without your input. It is tremendously appreciated. To Dr. Don Reitzes, thank you for your guidance through the years. I appreciate the times you sat with me to discuss matters relating to teaching, and strategies to finish. Thanks to Dr. Lesley Reid for supporting the SREB scholarship, and for helping me with graduation details. To Dr. Mary Ball, thank you for giving me the opportunity to conduct authentic research and for your continued support down through the years. To Drs. Elisabeth O. Burgess, thank you for helping me transition from administrator to researcher. Without your support, I would have never fully launched. Thanks to Dr. Dawn M. Baunach for making statistics both relevant and fun. Thanks to Dr. Mindy Stombler, for sharing your expertise in teaching sociology. Your lectures and resources in pedagogy and methods have been very helpful in shaping my career and I am grateful. Thank you to Dr. Ansley Abraham, Tammy Wright and Nicole Schimmel for the SREB Dissertation Fellowship Award, without it I would never have been able to finish vi writing this dissertation. To Dr. Lynn T., thank you for your love, support and encouragement, when things got really tough. Dr. Mark Sweatman, thank you for your love and support. I still have very fond memories of our four-hour meeting in Chiles when you helped with advanced Excel to help me pass the eleven-day qualifying exams. The many conversations we had commiserating our dissertation journey have bonded us as family. To Mrs. Jennifer Simon Denbow, we too have become family in this long journey and I love you like a sister. Thank you to Charlie Denbow for helping me operate my calculator, to pass statistics! You are my brother and I look forward to seeing you and Jenny soon. To Anne Kronberg, thank you for the six months we spent together preparing for the qualifying exams. I will never forget the lessons you taught me. And to Dr. Derrick Brooms, thank you for your professional experience, strength and hope. I hope to follow your lead in providing attention, support and remedy to the issues that impede the progress of young Black males in our community.
2015
This dissertation is dedicated to my mother, Mrs. Hattie Brown. As I reflect, from preschool to graduate school, you have always been there, whether it was to hold my hand or offer encouraging words. Thank you for your support, motherly wisdom, prayers, and unconditional love. Whenever I need inspiration, I am strengthened knowing that you are always praying for me. Thank you for being the best mother that a young woman can ask for, I love you. v Acknowledgements To my Almighty Heavenly Father: God, I thank you for giving me everything that I need to complete my educational journey. Without you, I know that I would not be where I am today. I always find strength in your Holy word and am continuously empowered knowing that I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me. Philippians 4:13 Trust in the Lord with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding. In all thy ways acknowledge Him, and He shall direct thy paths. Proverbs 3: 5-6 To my family: Thank you for your continuous support. I know that you all are always there to provide inspiration and encouragement. Specifically, to my grandmother, Aunt Lula, and Aunt Mary, thank you for your prayers, wisdom, and inspiration. I know that no matter what, the three of you are always there for me. To Dr. Edward Delgado-Romero: You have been the BEST advisor that a student can ask for. Throughout this journey, you provided me with knowledge, support, and mentorship. I am extremely grateful to have you as an advisor. I am sure that in twenty years, I will be saying, "My advisor said…" Thank you for all your guidance and support. To Dr. Rosemary Phelps: Thank you for being my mentor and UGA mom. Throughout the years, I am thankful for the smiles, hugs, and encouraging words that you have given me. To my UGA cohort and peers: Thank you for your continuous support and laughs. From working diligently in class to wonderful potluck dinners, I am thankful for your motivational words and inspiration. I do not like to call names, however, I must specifically thank Jokae Ingram and Cassaundra Govan. Jokae, you are a wonderful friend. You have truly been there for me each and every time I needed a friend. Thank you for the laughs and support. I miss you buddy. Cassaundra, you are a wonderful mentor. You were never too busy to help me. Thank you for giving me guidance throughout this program. To my internship cohort: Thank you for making me laugh and loosen up. I am so happy that we were able to share the internship journey together. To Barbara James, thank you for taking the time to help me each and every time that I asked. You are truly a wonderful friend.
Voices of Success: Exploring Black Male Students’ Perspectives on Their Academic Success
2020
To my peer reviewer, colleague and friend, Dr. J. Michael Denton, thank you for your standards of excellence. Your review, transparency, recommendations, and guidance, helped me to get to the finish line. I greatly appreciate the generous volunteering of your time and expertise, and I express my genuine gratitude for your contributions and support. There were several leaders and colleagues who supported my doctoral journey. I would like to thank Dr. Paul Dosal for supporting and encouraging me to pursue and complete this degree. I was "Dr. Goldsmith" before actually becoming "Dr. Goldsmith." That kept my goal in the forefront, thank you. I must thank my colleague and friend Risa Blake. You supported me quietly throughout the entire process, gently nudged me when I was challenged, and helped me to breathe differently when it was needed. I'm so very grateful for the gift of you. I must thank Lisa Adkins, for everything! A call or an email, and you responded immediately. Your support and guidance over these years made a significant impact, and I'm grateful. Lastly, I would like to thank a few of my USF colleagues who helped me to prepare for the final stage of this process, Drs. Monica Lee Miranda, Melissa Graham, and LaTosha Thomas. I'm blessed to have each of you in my life and I am honored to have shared an aspect of this journey with you.
2002
Graduation remarks at the 23d graduation ceremony of the Pace University School of Law on May 20, 2001