Non-resuscitative first-aid training for children and laypeople: a systematic review (original) (raw)

The Role of a First Aid Training Program for Young Children: A Systematic Review

Children

Background: Many first aid programs have been conducted in schools, and researchers have identified that interventions improved students’ knowledge, skills, and attitude. This study examines the content, practices, and assessment of first aid interventions at primary schools and evaluates their effectiveness. Methods: A systematic review was undertaken. We searched MEDLINE and Cochrane library databases from January 1990 to December 2021 using the search terms: ‘’first aid’’ AND ‘’primary school children’’. School-based first aid training targeting 6 to 10 years old studies in English were eligible for inclusion. Results: We included 11 studies that were approached by experimental (n = 6) and by observational studies (n = 5). Researchers conducted interventions in Europe (n = 9) and America (n = 2). An essential part of the teaching was hands-on practice. Most studies included in their program cardiopulmonary resuscitation (n = 8) and basic life support (n = 7). The main findings sh...

Mapping the public first‐aid training landscape: a scoping review

Disasters

While the public can play a vital role in saving lives during emergencies, intervention is only effective if people have the skills, confidence, and willingness to help. This review employs a five-stage framework to systematically analyse first aid and emergency helping literature from 22 countries (predominately in Asia, Australia, Europe, and the United States). The review covers 54 articles that investigate public first-aid knowledge and uptake of first-aid training (40); public confidence in first-aid skills and willingness to help during an emergency (21); and barriers to or enablers of learning first aid and delivering first aid in an emergency (25). The findings identify high levels of perceived knowledge, confidence, and willingness to help, supporting the contention that the public can play a vital role during an emergency. However, the findings also point to low uptake levels, low tested skill-specific knowledge, and barriers to learning first aid and helping, indicating that the first-aid training landscape is in need of improvement.

Can training improve laypersons helping behaviour in first aid? A randomised controlled deception trial

Emergency Medicine Journal, 2013

Background There is limited evidence indicating that laypersons trained in first aid provide better help, but do not help more often than untrained laypersons. This study investigated the effect of conventional first aid training versus conventional training plus supplementary training aimed at decreasing barriers to helping. Methods The authors conducted a randomised controlled trial. After 24 h of conventional first aid training, the participants either attended an experimental lesson to reduce barriers to helping or followed a control lesson. The authors used a deception test to measure the time between the start of the unannounced simulated emergency and seeking help behaviour and the number of particular helping actions. Results The authors randomised 72 participants to both groups. 22 participants were included in the analysis for the experimental group and 36 in the control group. The authors found no statistically or clinically significant differences for any of the outcome measures. The time until seeking help (geometrical mean and 95% CI) was 55.5 s (42.9 to 72.0) in the experimental group and 56.5 s (43.0 to 74.3) in the control group. 57% of the participants asked a bystander to seek help, 40% left the victim to seek help themselves and 3% did not seek any help. Conclusion Supplementary training on dealing with barriers to helping did not alter the helping behaviour. The timing and appropriateness of the aid provided can be improved. Trial registration The authors registered this trial at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT00954161.

FIRST-AID TRAINING PROGRAMME: AN OVERVIEW REFERENCE

ICRC Publication, 2020

The overall goal of the ICRC’s first-aid support program is to ensure that during emergencies (wars, conflict and/or other situations of violence), wounded and acutely sick people benefit from humane, impartial, effective and secure provision of first aid. This care should be provided by confident, skilled and properly supported emergency-care responders abiding by humanitarian values and principles. These ICRC guidelines for first-aid training programmes have been developed primarily for ICRC managers, ICRC coordinators (health coordinators, cooperation coordinators, protection coordinators, etc.), ICRC health-programme managers and/or other ICRC personnel working in the area of first aid – to help them reach a fuller understanding of the ICRC’s first-aid training programmes. The document is written as an ICRC first aid training overview document (trainings types & audiences) and does therefore not contain specific clinical guidance for first aid.

Health effects of training laypeople to deliver emergency care in underserviced populations: a systematic review protocol

BMJ open, 2016

The Disease Control Priorities Project recommends emergency care training for laypersons in low-resource settings, but evidence for these interventions has not yet been systematically reviewed. This review will identify the individual and community health effects of educating laypeople to deliver prehospital emergency care interventions in low-resource settings. This systematic review addresses the following question: in underserviced populations and low-resource settings (P), does first aid or emergency care training or education for laypeople (I) confer any individual or community health benefit for emergency health conditions (O), in comparison with no training or other forms of education (C)? We restrict this review to studies reporting quantitatively measurable outcomes, and search 12 electronic bibliographic databases and grey literature sources. A team of expert content and methodology reviewers will conduct title and abstract screening and full-text review, using a custom-bu...

A call for revolution in first aid education

International Journal of First Aid Education, 2018

The actions of the first person on the scene in a medical emergency can be critical. Yet every year in the United Kingdom (UK) thousands of people die due to ineffective bystander action (NHS Choices, 2016). The period of time between an accident or emergency occurring and hospital intervention is critical for patient outcomes: one study showed that of those who died having been attended to by emergency services, 37.1% died before they reached hospital, and 30.8% died soon after (Dean et al, 2014). However, many deaths relating to accident and emergencies are preventable with appropriate pre hospital intervention (NHS Choices, 2016). In a UK study of accident-related deaths reported to the coroner between 1987 and 1990, Hussain and Redmond (1994) estimated 39% were potentially preventable by appropriate action taken by the public in the immediate minutes after injury. While a study carried out in Australia examining deaths by cardiac arrest in 2003 estimated around 5% of deaths may have been

Non-resuscitative first aid training and assessment for junior secondary school students

Medicine, 2021

School-based first aid interventions can contribute to the number of adults trained in first aid in the community over time but few studies have examined the effectiveness of teaching non-resuscitative first aid on knowledge, attitudes and skills. Currently, there is no consensus on the optimal content and duration of first aid training for junior secondary students. The aim of this study was to evaluated the effectiveness of a 2.5 hour introductory non-resuscitative first aid course for junior secondary students. This prospective, single-centre, pre-post study included 140 students (11-13 years old). Students completed a questionnaire on first aid knowledge, attitude towards first aid and self-confidence to perform first aid before and after a training session. Six emergency medicine physicians taught practical first aid skills training. A game-based formative assessment was undertaken where the instructors assessed small teams of students' role-playing injured classmates and first aid responders (and vice-versa) treating abrasions, ankle sprain, choking and a scald injury. Few students had prior first aid training (14%). After adjusting for student's age, sex, prior first aid training and format delivery, the course was associated with increased mean knowledge score (pre-training 53%, post-training 88%; mean difference [MD] 35%, 95% CI: 32% to 38%), positive attitudes and more confidence in performing first aid after training (all P < .001). All teams showed a good level of competency in treating simulated injuries with first aid kits. This brief non-resuscitative first aid course was associated with noticeable and valuable changes in knowledge score and selfconfidence level in performing first aid. The game-based formative assessment facilitated a positive learning environment for skill competency evaluation. Abbreviations: HKRC = Hong Kong Red Cross, IQR = interquartile range.

The Impact of Basic First Aid Training on Knowledge Levels of School-Aged Children

Sağlık akademisyenleri dergisi/Sağlık akademisyenler dergisi, 2024

Aim: Children's increased physical activity and independence, coupled with their inability to take precautions, increases the risk of injury. Learning first aid is crucial in preventing deaths resulting from accidents or injuries, as well as preventing the worsening of the patient's condition and facilitating recovery. This study was conducted to determine the impact of basic first aid training on knowledge levels of school-aged children. Material and Method: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with 265 students in the 5th grade of four secondary schools in İstanbul. Data were collected using the "Information Form" and "Knowledge Assessment Form for First Aid Training". Students received 90 minutes of instruction as part of their basic first aid training. Data were collected face-to-face before and one-month after the training. Results: The average age of the students was 10.17±0.45 years and 57.4% (n=152) were female. The students' mean first aid knowledge scores before and after the training were 63.94±5.35, 92.67±9.70, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference between them (p<0.05). While the age did not affect the average first aid knowledge scores, it was determined that the gender variable did. Conclusion: It was determined that the basic first aid training given to 5th grade school students increased the students' first aid knowledge levels. The skills learned in childhood through school-based first aid continue into adulthood. Thus, teaching first aid skills to children at a young age is a crucial step in promoting a more aware society in the future.