Self-rated measures of physical activity and cardiovascular risk in a sample of Southern Italian male workers: The Olivetti Heart Study (original) (raw)
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Study of coronary risk factors related to physical activity in 15 171 men
BMJ, 1975
Physical activity, both at work and during leisure, was assessed in 15 171 men aged 25-74 years. Heavy leisure activity was associated with lower mean serum cholesterol levels and blood pressure. In men under 60 years the same negative association was also noted between leisure activity and relative weight and cigarette smoking. Different degrees of physical activity at work were not associated with any differences in these risk factors, nor did the level of exercise at work seem to influence the negative association between leisure activity and risk factors.
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2007
Background: It is well established that physical activity level is inversely associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and with all-cause mortality. However, the dose-response relationship between physical activity and other cardiovascular disease risk factors is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to explore the dose-response relationship between daily physical activity, as measured by a metabolic equivalent score, and BMI, waist circumference, waist hip ratio, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Methods: A total of 1693 men and women, 33-64 years of age, from the 3 year follow-up of a population-based intervention study, were included in this cross-sectional study. Information on physical activity and other lifestyle factors was obtained by self-report questionnaire. Associations between activity level and biological variables were explored by general linear regression. Results: Data from 835 (51%) men and 805 (49%) women were included. Mean age was 50.8 years (33-64). A significant inverse association between average 24hour physical activity level £ 45 METs and waist circumference (men p = 0.012, women p = 0.011), BMI (p = 0.0004), waist-hip-ratio (p = 0.002) and triglycerides (p = 0.0001) was found as well as a positive association with HDL (p = <0.0001). In those with an activity level above 45 METs there were no associations. No association was found with total cholesterol, LDL, systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: This study suggests a linear dose-response relationship between activity level and certain biological cardiovascular risk factors up to a threshold of a daily 24 h MET-score of 45, which corresponds to a moderate physical activity level.
Relation Between Self-Reported Physical Activity Level, Fitness, and Cardiometabolic Risk
The American Journal of Cardiology, 2013
Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with improved cardiovascular health and reduced all-cause mortality. The relation between self-reported physical activity, objective physical fitness, and the association of each with cardiometabolic risk has not been fully described. We studied 2,800 healthy Brazilian subjects referred for an employersponsored health screening. Physical activity level was determined as "low," "moderate," or "high" with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire: Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Fitness was measured as METs achieved on a maximal, symptom-limited, treadmill stress test. Using multivariate linear regression analysis, we calculated age, gender, and smokingadjusted correlation coefficients among IPAQ-SF, fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors. Mean age of study participants was 43 -9 years; 81% were men, and 43% were highly active. Mean METs achieved was 12 -2. IPAQ-SF category and fitness were moderately correlated (r [ 0.377). Compared with IPAQ-SF category, fitness was better correlated with cardiometabolic risk factors including anthropomorphic measurements, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, dyslipidemia, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and hepatic steatosis (all p <0.01). Among these, anthropomorphic measurements, blood pressure, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and hepatic steatosis had the largest discrepancies in correlation, whereas lipid factors had the least discrepant correlation. When IPAQ-SF and fitness were discordant, poor fitness drove associations with elevated cardiometabolic risk. In conclusion, self-reported physical activity level and directly measured fitness are moderately correlated, and the latter is more strongly associated with a protective cardiovascular risk profile. Ó 2013 Elsevier
Occupational physical activity, mortality and CHD events in the Italian Longitudinal Study
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
Purpose Several recent studies have suggested a ‘physical activity paradox’ whereby leisure-time physical activity benefits health, but occupational physical activity is harmful. However, other studies imply that occupational physical activity is beneficial. Using data from a nationally representative Italian sample, we investigate if the context, or domain, of physical activity matters for mortality and coronary heart disease (CHD) events. Methods Among 40,220 men and women aged 40–55 at baseline, we used Cox models to compare associations of occupational, domestic and leisure-time physical activity with risk of mortality and CHD events over a follow-up period of up to 14 years. We accounted for sociodemographic factors, smoking, body mass index (BMI), physical and mental health, and educational qualifications. Results Occupational physical activity was not significantly associated with risk of mortality or CHD events for women, or with CHD events for men. In crude models, risk of ...
The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2021
Background Increased physical activity (PA), reduced time spent sedentary (SED), healthier diet and reduced body weight may all have a positive impact on cardiometabolic risk. The relative importance of change in each of these variables on cardiometabolic risk, however, is unclear. We therefore sought to investigate the relative contributions of changes in PA, SED, diet and body weight on cardiometabolic risk. Methods This is a secondary analysis of data collected from the EuroFIT randomised controlled trial, which was a 12-week group-based lifestyle intervention for overweight middle-aged men delivered by coaches in football club stadia aiming to improve PA, SED, diet, and body weight. PA and SED were assessed by accelerometry, diet using the Dietary Instrument for Nutrition Education (DINE). An overall cardiometabolic risk score was derived from combining z-scores for glucose, HbA1c, insulin, lipids and blood pressure. In total, 707 men (from the overall cohort of 1113) with compl...
Physical activity, physical fitness, and coronary heart disease risk factors
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1995
The purpose of this study was: to validate metabolic equivalents (METs) · hr/week by comparing with maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) as a measure of physical activities, to examine the relationships between METs · hr/week,VO 2 max, and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors according to the goals of METs · hr/week andVO 2 max in ml·kg −1 ·min −1 for health promotion set in the Exercise Guide 2006, and to examine which is more related with CHD risk factors: METs · hr/week oṙ VO 2 max in ml·kg −1 ·min −1 ? Subjects were 116 collegiate women. MET intensities were assigned to each specific activity.VO 2 max was estimated with a bicycle ergometer. METs · hr/week was significantly correlated (r = 0.514, p < 0.01) withVO 2 max in ml·kg −1 ·min −1 . After adjusting appropriate confounding factors in the forward stepwise multiple regression analyses, METs · hr/week was significantly positively related with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), while the estimatedVO 2 max in ml·kg −1 ·min −1 was significantly positively related with HDL-C and total cholesterol (TC) and negatively related with log systolic blood pressure (SBP). After adjusting for body mass index (BMI) in the analysis of covariance, the highest category of METs · hr/week ( 23) had significantly higher HDL-C than other lower categories. The highest category ofVO 2 max ( 33 ml·kg −1 ·min −1 ) had significantly higher HDL-C and TC and lower SBP than the lowest category. In conclusion, METs · hr/week was valid measures for quantifying physical activity, and the goals of METs · hr/week andVO 2 max in ml·kg −1 ·min −1 set in the Exercise Guide 2006 were valid.VO 2 max in ml·kg −1 ·min −1 was related to greater number of CHD risk factors than METs · hr/week in young women.
Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2006
Sedentary lifestyle contributes to increased body weight in western societies. We evaluated physical activity (PA) and its association with some clinical and biochemical parameters in overweight and obese outpatients. Two hundred and seventy-eight overweight obese outpatients, aged 18-65 years, were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Patients were interviewed about their usual PA, using a standardized questionnaire. A total metabolic index (TMI) was derived estimating weekly energy expenditure. In Class III obese patients, fasting serum HDL-cholesterol (HDL-Chol) and resting heart rate (HR) were also measured. BMI was inversely related to TMI in the whole group (r = -0.123, p = 0.041). Dividing the patients into groups 1 and 2 according to median BMI (30.3 kg/m(2)), group 1 had a significantly higher TMI than group 2 (p = 0.003), mainly due to the difference in weekly walking time (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001). Among Class III obese patients, despite similar BMI, the group with longer walking time had both significantly higher HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.046) and lower HR (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001). In overweight and obese individuals BMI is inversely related to PA energy expenditure. This relationship can be, at least in part, ascribed to the reduction of weekly walking time with increasing BMI. In Class III obese patients, even a low level of PA can positively affect both HDL-Chol and resting HR. It appears useful to focus on obese patients in also in general practice in order to recognize sedentary life styles and encourage PA through individualized programs.
European journal of preventive cardiology, 2015
We aimed to investigate associations between combinations of body mass index (BMI)-categories, levels of physical activity and long-term risk of cardiovascular disease. At age 50 years, cardiovascular risk factors were assessed in 2196 participating men of the ULSAM-study. This investigation was repeated at age 60, 70, 77 and 82 years. Being physically active (PA) was defined as three hours of recreational or hard physical training per week. The men were categorized according to BMI/PA-status, as PA/normal weight (n = 593 at baseline), non-PA/normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m(2), n = 580), PA/overweight (n = 418), non-PA/overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m(2), n = 462), PA/obese (n = 62), non-PA/obese (BMI >30 kg/m(2), n = 81). We used updated data on BMI and physical activity obtained at all examinations. During follow-up (median 30 years) 850 individuals suffered a cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, stroke or heart failure). Using updated data on BMI/PA categories, an increase...
Primary Healthcare: Open Access, 2016
Aim: This cross-sectional study was aimed at evaluating the association between physical activity (PA), overweight and CV risk in a large sample of Italian general practice patients and forecast the impact of increasing PA in a general population. Methods: Regression analysis on single CV risk factors and stratification of global risk score have been carried out on 45,862 records with normal/overweight and active/inactive conditions as primary explanatory variables. Moreover a hypothetical attributable risk was calculated on the basis of expected cases. Results: HDL cholesterol resulted the risk factor most correlated with PA. Systolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose levels seemed to be more correlated to overweight than to PA. Active women and men would respectively have a 15% and 17% lower probability of experiencing a major cardiovascular event in the subsequent ten years than their inactive counterparts, adjusting for overweight. If inactive subjects became active at the lowest level, 818.8 cases/100,000 men and 201.5 cases/100,000 women aged 35-69 years would be protected during the same period. Conclusion: As counsellors for active lifestyle, general practitioners could contribute in reducing the absolute number of CV major events in the 'healthy' general population.