The Effect of Flood to Quality Index of Soil Physical Properties at the Downstream of Kuranji River Watershed, Padang City (original) (raw)
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Physical properties of tsunami-affected soils in Aceh, Indonesia: 2½ years after the tsunami
CATENA, 2009
On 26 December 2004, a tsunami caused extensive loss of life, damaged property and degraded agricultural land in the province of Aceh, Indonesia. While some of the associated soil chemical changes have been documented, information on soil physical properties is sparse. The objective of this study was to quantify physical properties of some tsunami-affected upland agricultural soils in Aceh, Indonesia. Soil was sampled approximately 21/2 years after the tsunami, from the 0-0.1 m, 0.1-0.3 m and 0.3-0.5 m depths in four sites in the villages of Kling Cot Aroun in Aceh Besar sub-district, Kuta Kruen in Aceh Utara sub-district, Udjong Blang Mesjid in Bireuen sub-district and Meue in Pidie Jaya sub-district on the east coast of Aceh. These sites were located within 1 km from the sea at elevations ranging from 0 to 5 m ASL. The soils were Ultisols except for Meue, which was an Entisol. Soil properties measured were bulk density, structural stability and particle size distribution. Soil water retention, pore-size distribution and saturated hydraulic conductivity were estimated by inserting the values of bulk density, clay, sand and silt contents into pedotransfer functions from the literature. The analyses conducted during this study did not permit us to ascertain what proportion of the soil particles were of tsunami-origin. Nonetheless, deposition of finer-textured material may have occurred in two of the sites. In comparison with the greyish-white, coarse textured soil in the rest of the profile, a finer-textured yellow horizon was present in the lower slopes of the Udjong Blang Mesjid site. At Meue, clay and silt contents were higher in the surface 0.3 m than in the 0.3-0.5 m depth, although a distinct horizon was absent. Particle size distribution in all sites was dominated by the sand fraction, although clay and silt contents were relatively high (20-30 g 100 g − 1 ) at Kuta Kruen. Among the sand fractions, fine sand (0.02-0.25 mm) was highest at Kling Cot Aroun, Kuta Kruen and in the "yellow horizon" at Udjong Blang Mesjid, making them more prone to hardsetting and compaction after intensive tillage. Soil compaction was present in all sites with that in the "yellow horizon" at Udjong Blang Mesjid being highest. The relatively low porosity in this layer may be beneficial, as it is likely to reduce the high rates of water drainage and nutrient leaching in this sandy soil. The more compacted soils were characterised by higher numbers of micropores (r, pore radius b 4.3 μm), lower water retention at saturation, smaller numbers of macropores (r N 14.3 μm), lower hydraulic conductivity and intensive gleying, indicating frequent waterlogging. The soils in all depths from Kling Cot Aroun and the "yellow horizon" at Udjong Blang Mesjid were very dispersive, that at Meue moderately dispersive in the 0.3-0.5 m depth but stable in the 0-0.1 m depth, and at Kuta Kruen very stable in all depths. Soil physical degradation was a feature of the soils examined, and its amelioration will be the key to improving and sustaining crop yields in these soils. Possible management interventions include organic amendments such as compost or manure, and minimum tillage options such permanent beds or zero tillage with retention of crop residues as in situ mulch together with suitable cover crops.
Quality of agricultural water is greatly influenced by its sources, and this invariably affects the quality of agricultural soils, which in turns affects the quality of the produce that were produced from such soils. Jega floodplains and its surroundings serve as a source of water for both agricultural and domestic uses. Therefore to assess the quality of this water is of paramount important, hence a study was carried out to assess the quality of this water for both agricultural and domestic uses. The results of this study reveals that surface stream water from this floodplain area have high concentration of sodium indicating a sodicity status which is turning the soil within this catchment to be slightly sodic which will greatly affect the quality of the soil for agricultural production, however, all the other parameters tested were within the acceptable limits for both agricultural and domestic uses.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOKOTO RIMA RIVER FLOOD-PLAIN SOILS AFTER 2010 FLOODING
This study was conducted to evaluate the physic-chemical properties of sokoto Rima River to see if the 2010 flooding had any effect in the fertility status of these soils. Eight samples were collected at the depth of 0-15 and 15-30cm each from the eastern and western sides of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University road, using simple random sampling in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) making a total of 32 samples. The results obtained showed that the ph were slightly acidic (6.52-6.01 from the two sides) organic carbon with a mean of 7.32 and 6.99g-1 both nitrogen and phosphorous were low with a mean of 0.007 and 0.06 for nitrogen, 4.15 and 3.79 for phosphorous while the CEC was high but low level of potassium was obtained with values of 1.49 and 1.22 cmolkg-1 respectively. The texture of the soils was predominantly sandy loam with bulk density between 1.3 and 1.7gcm-1 at both sides. The percentage base saturation ranged from 58.62% for eastern side and 58.89% for western side indicating medium levels of base saturation. The results however indicates that the flood had an effect on both the physical and chemical properties due to decrease in electrical conductivity (478µscm-1 to 127.20µscm-1) and slight increase in ph (5.9 to 6.01 for eastern side and 6.13 for the western side) which is slightly higher than the ones reported earlier for many studies conducted in the area before the 2010 sokoto flooding which resulted in so many harvest losses. KEYWORDS: Physico-chemical, Rima river, Texture, Flooding.