Biological Diversity Rules (original) (raw)
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Biological Diversity: Current Status and Conservation Policies
Biological Diversity: Current Status and Conservation Policies, 2021
for more than 28 years where he gained teaching, Research and administrative experiences. Currently he is working as Registrar in Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar. Dr Kumar has published more than 65 research papers in the field of Environmental Science, Toxicology, Biodiversity Conservation and Life Science. He has completed six research projects funded by the UGC, UCOST and DBT, authored/edited seven books and guided 10 scholars for D.Phil. degree. He has visited to London, Australia, Malayasia, Chingwai, Brunai, Singapore and Mauritius regarding research and academic activities.
An Appraisal of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and Rules, 2004 – Strengths and Weaknesses
International Journal on Biological Sciences
Aim: To create basic understanding of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and Rules 2004, along with their strengths, weaknesses, complexities, incongruities and provide some suggestions in them. Background: Biodiversity is the 'variety, variability, between genes, species and ecosystems'. It is very important for the survival of the human beings because it has direct consumptive value in food, medicine, agriculture, industry. Being one of the world's 'mega diversity' countries India, in order to ensure compliance with the Convention of Biological Diversity, 1992, enacted Biological Diversity Act in 2002 and the Biological Diversity Rules in April 2004. They are considered necessary for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and regulate the access to biological resources of the country with the purpose of ensuring equitable share in benefits arising out of the uses of bioresources and associated knowledge to prevent the biopiracy. Review res...
Convention on Biological Diversity
eLS, 2017
Convention on Biological Diversity T he Contracting Parties, concious of the intrinsic value of biological diversity and of the ecological, genetic, social, economic, scientific, educational, cultural, recreational and aesthetic values of biological diversity and its components, Conscious also of the importance of biological diversity for evolution and for maintaining life sustaining systems of the biosphere, Affirming that the conservation of biological diversity is a common concern of humankind, Reaffirming that States have sovereing rights over their own biological resources, Reaffirming also that States are responsible for conserving their biological diversity and for using their biological resources in a sustainable manner, Concerned that biological diversity is being significantly reduced by certain human activities, Aware of the general lack of information and knowledge regarding biological diversity and of the urgent need to develop scientific, technical and institutional capacities to provide the basic understanding upon which to plan and implement appropriate measures, Noting that it is vital to anticipate, prevent and attac the causes of significant reduction or loss of biological diversity at source, Noting also that where there is a threat of significant reduction or loss of biological diversity, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to avoid or minimize such a threat, Noting farther that the fundamental requirement for the conservation of biological diversity in the in-situ conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings, Noting farther that ex-situ measures, preferably in the country of origin, also have an important hole to play, Recognizing the close and traditional dependence of many indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles on biological resources, and the desirability of sharing equitably benefits arising from the use of traditional knowledge, innovations and practices relevant to the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components, Recognizing also the vital role that women play in the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and affirming the need for the full participation of women at all levels of policy-making and implementation for biological diversity conservation, Stressing the importance of, and the need to promote international, regional and global cooperation among States and intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental sector for the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components, Acknowledging that the provision of new and additional financial resources and appropriate access to relevant technologies can be expected to make a substantial difference in the world's ability to address the loss of biological diversity, Acknowledging farther that special provision is required to meet the needs of developing countries, including the provision of new and additional financial resources and appropriate access to relevant technologies, Noting in this regard the special conditions of the least developed countries and small island States, Acknowledging that substancial investments are required to conserve biological diversity and that there is the expectation of a broad range of environmental, economicand social benefits from those investments, Recognizing that economical and social development and poverty eradication are the first and overriding priorities of developing contries, Aware that conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity is of critical importance for meeting the food, health and other needs of the growing world populations, for which purpose access to and sharing of both geneticresources and technologies are essential, Noting that, ultimately, the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity will strengthen friendly relations among States and contribute to peace for humankind, Desiring to enhance and complement existing international arrangements for the conservation of biological diversity and sustainable use of its components, and Determined to conserve and sustainably use of biological diversity for the benefit of present and future generations, Have agreed as follows: Article 1 Objectives The objectives of this Convention, to be pursued in accordance with its relevant provisions, are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of geneticresources, including by appropriate access to geneticresources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding. Article 2 Use of Terms For the purposes of this Convention: "Biological diversity" means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquaticecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. "Biological resources" includes geneticresources, organisms or parts thereof, populations, or any other bioticcomponent of ecosystems with actual or potential use or value for humanity. "Biotechnology" means any technological application that uses bilogical systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use. "Country of origin of genetic resources" means the country which possesses those genetic resources in in-situ conditions. "Country providing geneticresources" means the country supplying genetic
The Convention on Biological Diversity
Journal of World Intellectual Property, 2005
2.4.1 How biodiversity is considered in poverty reduction strategies and other key cross-cutting policy instruments? 2.4.2 How preservation of biodiversity is integrated into different sectors? 2.4.3 How biodiversity is integrated into relevant planning processes? 2.4.4 Actions taken by each sector to implement biodiversity actions included in their respective strategies, plans and programmes 2.4.5 Outcomes achieved by each sector in mainstreaming biodiversity 2.4.6 Tools used for mainstreaming biodiversity 2.4.7 Synergies in implementation of related Conventions and agreements 2.5 Question 9) How fully has the NBSAP been implemented? 3. 3. 3.
Why Should You Care About Biological Diversity?
2008
As Director of the Museum's Center for Biodiversit y and Conservation (CBC), Eleanor Sterling oversees strategic planning and project development, leads fundraising efforts, and manages a multidisciplinary staff of over 25. In her capacity as a conservation biologist, Dr. Sterling also conducts fieldwork, studying the distribution patterns of biodiversity in tropical regions of the world and translating this information into recommendations for conservation managers, decision-makers, and educators. Dr. Sterling has extensive expertise developing environmental education programs and professional development workshops, having trained teachers, students, and U.S. Peace Corps volunteers in a variety of aspects related to biodiversity conservation. In 2000, in partnership with colleagues from around the world, Dr. Sterling developed the Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners, which primarily targets undergraduate-and graduate-level educators in developing countries who will train the next generation of conservation biologists. The project's first training workshops were conducted in Bolivia (August 2001 and July 2002) and Vietnam (May 2002). Dr. Sterling is currently writing a book highlighting Vietnam's remarkable biodiversity, to be published by Yale University Press. Dr. Sterling has more than 15 years of field research experience in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, where she conducted surveys and censuses, as well as behavioral, ecological, and genetic studies of primates, whales, and other mammals. She is considered a world authority on the aye-aye, a nocturnal lemur found only in Madagascar. For the last seven years, Dr. Sterling has served as an adjunct professor at Columbia University, where she now serves as the Director of Graduate Studies for the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology. Dr. Sterling sits on the Board of Governors of the Society for Conservation Biology, and is both a Board member and Management Committee member of the Center for Environmental Research and Conservation (CERC). Dr. Sterling
IRJET- "Biodiversity Conservation"
IRJET, 2020
Globally, biodiversity is facing increasing pressure on account of various factors including habitat fragmentation and destruction, climate change; over use and unsustainable use of resources the concern relating to biodiversity conservation in the face of its continuing loss is indeed unversed. The convention on biological diversity is a collective commitment of the nations to conserve and sustainability use the biological diversity for the benefit of the present and future generations. India, a recognized mega diverse country, is committed to protecting the rich heritage of biodiversity. This is so vital, to our economic and social development. Biodiversity is also directly linked with providing livelihoods to and improving socioeconomic conditions of millions of our local people, thereby contributing to sustainable development and poverty alleviations. Biodiversity provides the basic goods and services for human society to exist and secure economic and social development. Health, wealth, food security and many other needs of human beings are dependent on natural resources, and yet human beings have used these with scant regard to latter's health and survival. Such indiscriminate use and resultant loss of biodiversity threatens the very survival of the planet itself. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) which entered into force in December 1993 is an international agreement among the nations of the world to arrest and reverse this situation for the welfare and survival of the planet and its denizens, as well as for inter-generational equity. The Convention has three objectives, namely, conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of the components of biodiversity, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the use of genetic resources. India is one of the recognized mega diverse countries of the world. Situated at the tri-junction of Afro-tropical, Indo-Malayan and Paleo-Arctic realm, India has a wide array of ecosystems and habitats. India has only 2.4 % of the geographical area of the world, but harbours nearly 8 % of the globally known floral and faunal species. It is an acknowledged centre of crop diversity and crop wild relatives. Over 1,00,690 species of fauna and 47,480 species of flora have been documented in the 10 BZs of the country. This diversity is hosted by many types of terrestrial and aquatic systems namely forests, wetlands, grasslands, deserts, coastal, and marine ecosystems.
Environmental as a concern of the mankind emerged in the 1960s after the rapid infrastructural developments that were carried out after the World War II. The immediate aftermath of the war meant that countries had to work twenty-four seven to improve their man-made physical environment that was devastated by the war. However, during this period environmental concerns were not on the agenda, and it was only after sometime that humans began to be vigilant about the destruction that they have caused to the environment through their activities which was highlighted in the writing of Rachel Carson in her book titled 'The Silent Spring'. In looking at this issue from a Sri Lankan perspective, it too has suffered major setbacks regarding losing her environmental beauty and the lost of biodiversity which she is renowned for. This paper examines the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity which was ratified by Sri Lanka in the early 1990's and the extent to which the objectives of the convention has been achieved from a Sri Lankan perspective. This study was carried out primarily as a qualitative data, while an in-depth interview was also carried out with a high-ranking officer of the Ministry of Environment, Center for Biodiversity protection, a responsible organ for implementing the convention. The results revealed that, while laws and policies have been introduced at implementing the core elements of the convention, lack of coordination, overlapping of responsibilities, political interference and corruption has resulted in a failure of successfully implementing the convention even after nearly three decades of ratification.
2018
Conservation of biological diversity, which is also called Biodiversity , is a common concern of humankind as an integral part of the development process. It involves protection and sustainable use of various plants, species, and flora-fauna. There is an onerous obligation, which we owe to posterity, is clean air, clean water, greenery and open spaces. These ought to be elevated to the status of birthright of every citizen. India is a treasure trove of biodiversity. It has been identified as one of the 12 mega-centres of biological diversity in the world. Survey conducted by the botanical and zoological surveys of India have revealed that there are about 45000 species of plants and 81000 species of animals in this country covering 10 bio geographic zones and 25 biotic provinces. India incorporates an exceptional range of biodiversity, including the entire world"s major ecosystem. As one of the oldest and largest agricultural societies, India boasts an impressive variety of at least 166 species of crop plants and 320 species of wild relatives of cultivated crops. Its known fact that India is rich in biological diversity and associated traditional and contemporary knowledge system relating biodiversity. India contains a great wealth of biological diversity in its Forests, its wetlands and its marine areas. This richness is shown in absolute numbers of species and the proportion they represent of the world total. With the passage of time, the Protection of biodiversity in India is quite challenging as it is highly enriched with traditional and indigenous resources. The most challenging situation is of rights indigenous people living in a particular area, their respective right of benefit sharing, specific prior-informed consent. It is important to understand to introspect the obligation of local administration in protecting biodiversity and how so far they are successful in managing the proper commercial utilization of indigenous resources by providing proportionate monetary right to indigenous biological diversity people. The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 is a major legislative intervention in this context.